Nutrition - Chapter 4 - Carbohydrates
What are some common food sources of amylose?
Breads Beans Vegatables
_________ are a main fuel source for some cells, especially those in the brain, the nervous system, and the red blood cells. - note: muscles also depend on this to fuel intense physical activity
Carbohydrates
Which of the following is the preferred fuel source by all cells of the body?
Carbohydrates (glucose)
Why is regular carbohydrate intake important?
Liver glycogen stores can be depleted in about 18 hours if no carbohydrates are consumed, forcing to produce alternative fuel sources, either by breakdown of protein or fats
Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units?
amylopectin
What is the major monosaccharide in the body?
glucose
What is a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria called?
insoluble fiber
Glucose is the major ______ found in the body.
monosaccharide
Carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 1000 or more are called _____.
polysaccharides
Complex carbohydrates are also known as what?
starch
Of the following polysaccharides, which is digested most rapidly?
Amylopectin
Name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch.
Amylose
What are the two forms of starch digestible by humans?
Amylose Amylopectin
Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?
Aspartame
A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose with a highly branched structure. It is the storage form of glucose in humans and is synthesized (and stored) in the liver and muscles. What is it?
Glycogen
How is glycogen able to be broken apart so quickly?
Its highly branched structure allows enzymes easy access.
Almost all carbohydrate-rich foods, except pure sugar, provide essential nutrients and should generally constitute _____% to _____% of our daily calorie intake.
45% to 65%
What do plants use for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide, water, and the sun's energy to produce glucose
