Nutrition - Chapter 4 - Carbohydrates

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What are some common food sources of amylose?

Breads Beans Vegatables

_________ are a main fuel source for some cells, especially those in the brain, the nervous system, and the red blood cells. - note: muscles also depend on this to fuel intense physical activity

Carbohydrates

Which of the following is the preferred fuel source by all cells of the body?

Carbohydrates (glucose)

Why is regular carbohydrate intake important?

Liver glycogen stores can be depleted in about 18 hours if no carbohydrates are consumed, forcing to produce alternative fuel sources, either by breakdown of protein or fats

Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units?

amylopectin

What is the major monosaccharide in the body?

glucose

What is a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria called?

insoluble fiber

Glucose is the major ______ found in the body.

monosaccharide

Carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 1000 or more are called _____.

polysaccharides

Complex carbohydrates are also known as what?

starch

Of the following polysaccharides, which is digested most rapidly?

Amylopectin

Name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch.

Amylose

What are the two forms of starch digestible by humans?

Amylose Amylopectin

Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?

Aspartame

A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose with a highly branched structure. It is the storage form of glucose in humans and is synthesized (and stored) in the liver and muscles. What is it?

Glycogen

How is glycogen able to be broken apart so quickly?

Its highly branched structure allows enzymes easy access.

Almost all carbohydrate-rich foods, except pure sugar, provide essential nutrients and should generally constitute _____% to _____% of our daily calorie intake.

45% to 65%

What do plants use for photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide, water, and the sun's energy to produce glucose


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