Nutrition Chapter 6

Negative nitrogen balance occurs in:​ A. ​growing children. B. ​lactating women. C. ​pregnant women. D. ​a surgery patient. E. ​a casual exerciser.

D. a surgery patient

How many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids?​ A. ​5 B. ​20 C. ​7 D. ​13 E. ​9

E. 9

An overemphasis on protein-rich foods can lead to:​ A. ​a low intake of iron. B. ​a low intake of vitamin B12. C. ​an excessive intake of vitamin C. D. ​a low intake of all vitamins. E. ​a low intake of folate.

E. A low intake of Folate

Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat?​ A. ​calories B. carbon C. ​hydrogen D. ​oxygen E. ​nitrogen

E. Nitrogen

The body normally makes tyrosine from the essential amino acid:​ A. ​leucine. B. ​lysine. C. ​isoleucine. D. ​valine. E. ​phenylalanine.

E. Phenylalanine.

The sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule are specified by:​ A. ​the diet. B. ​age. C. ​gender. D. ​genes. E. ​sex.

D. Genes

When amino acids are degraded for energy, their amine groups are stripped off and used elsewhere or incorporated by the liver into:​ A. ​urea. B. ​glucose. C. ​glycogen. D. bile.​ E. ​urine.

A. Urea

The more animal protein you eat, the higher your intake of _____.​ A. vitamin B12​ B. ​vitamin A C. ​folate D. ​vitamin C E. ​serotonin

A. Vitamin B12

Humans need to eat protein-containing foods regularly because:​ A. ​we need essential amino acids that can only be provided by foods. B. ​our bodies cannot make any amino acids needed for proteins. C. ​the function of protein is to maintain our muscle strength. D. ​protein is broken down quickly during digestion and lost from the body. E. ​protein is a good source of the essential nutrients iron, zinc, and B12.

A. WE need essential amino acids that can only be provided by foods

Of the following foods, which likely contains the most easily digestible protein?​ A. ​oats B. ​tuna C. ​potatoes D. ​peanuts E. ​whole wheat

B. Tuna

What is the result of a dietary protein deficiency?​ A. increased synthesis of proteins​ B. ​decreased breakdown of body protein C. ​a weakened immune system D. ​enhanced nutrient absorption E. ​increased bone turnover

C. A weakened immune system

The DRI for protein is determined using:​ A. height.​ B. ​activity level. C. ​body size. D. ​sex.

C. Body size

The strategy of combining two _____ plant protein sources permits the amino acids in one food to make up for those lacking in the other food.​ A. ​complete B. ​whole-grain C. ​complementary D. ​indigestible E. ​high-tryptophan

C. Complementary

The process of protein turnover includes:​ A. ​excreting old amino acids that are left from cell breakdown. B. ​synthesizing intestinal cells, which live for 3 to 4 months. C. ​eating food sources of amino acids every day to grow new cells and replace worn-out ones. D. ​preserving all old amino acids in the body to be re-circulated. E. ​circulating proteins in the bloodstream to replenish peptide chains.

C. Eating food sources of amino acids every day to grow new cells and replace worn-out ones

Which of the following is a protein catalyst, which facilitates chemical reactions?​ A. ​amino acid B. ​enzyme C. ​lipoprotein D. ​hormone E. ​antibody

C. Enzyme

Removing the grain protein gluten from the diet has been shown to:​ A. ​resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease. B. ​help with weight loss in people trying to lose weight. C. ​reduce problems with insomnia. D. ​reduce cancer risk. E. ​cause protein deficiency.

A. Resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease

Which of the following food categories contribute an abundance of high-quality protein?​ A. ​vegetables and fruits B. ​milk and fruits C. ​meat alone; other categories provide low-quality protein D. ​grains and vegetables E. ​milk and meat

Milk and Meat

Antibodies are large proteins in the blood that are effective in helping to destroy invading foreign particles.​ True False

True

Which of the following provides amino acids that are best absorbed by the body?​ A. ​poultry B. ​vegetables C. ​fruits D. ​legumes E. ​grains

A. Poultry

Which of the following is not associated with an excess of protein?​ A. ​enlarged livers in humans B. ​enlarged kidneys in animals C. ​worsening of existing kidney problems D. ​high-fat foods that contribute to obesity E. ​increased use of amino acids for energy

A. Enlarged livers in humans

Which of the following food groups does not provide significant protein?​ A. ​fruits B. ​grains C. ​vegetables D. ​milk, yogurt, and cheese E. ​legumes

A. Fruits

A(n) ____ bond is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein.​ A. ​peptide B. ​sulfur C. ​amino acid D. ​carbon E. ​denatured

A. Peptide

In making recommendations for protein intake, the committee on DRI took into consideration that the protein in a normal diet would be:​ A. ​a combination of animal and plant sources. B. ​primarily from plant sources. C. ​primarily from animal sources. D. ​used with 100% efficiency by everyone. E. ​used only for muscle mass.

A. A combination of animal and plant sources

Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. This is an example of how protein is used for:​ A. ​building enzymes, hormones, and other compounds. B. ​supporting growth and maintenance. C. ​maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. D. ​maintaining pH balance. E. ​building antibodies.

C. Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

The recycling system for amino acids in the body is primarily used to:​ A. ​provide fuel for the cells to spare glucose. B. ​convert nonessential amino acids into essential amino acids. C. ​provide the cells with materials to build body proteins. D. ​add protein to muscles when there is a shortage of energy from foods. E. ​produce immune proteins.

C. Provide the cells with materials to build body proteins

For athletes, the path to bigger muscles includes​ A. ​less protein and more carbohydrate than is recommended for non-athletes. B. ​extra protein without physical work. C. ​vigorous physical training. D. ​well-timed meals, which directly stimulate protein synthesis. E. ​small doses of protein supplements after workouts.

C. Vigorous physical training

Which of the following accounts for the differences among the various amino acids?​ A. ​the presence or absence of nitrogen B. ​the amine group C. ​the side chain D. ​the type of bonds E. ​the acid group

C. the side chain

The DRI Committee recommends _____ percent of total calories as the minimum amount of protein.​ A. ​35 B. ​5 C. ​15 D. ​10 E. ​20

D. 10

The stomach lining is protected from the very strong acid of the stomach by:​ A. ​peptides. B. ​saliva. C. ​enzymes. D. ​a coat of mucus. E. ​antibodies.

D. A coat of mucus

All of the following cause denaturation of proteins except:​ A. ​bases. B. ​heat. C. ​alcohol. D. ​light. E. ​salts of heavy metals.

D. Light

Which of the following cooking methods would you use to increase the digestibility of protein?​ A. ​grilling B. smoking​ C. ​frying D. ​stewing E. ​baking

D. Stewing

If amino acids are oversupplied:​ A. ​muscle tissue formation is accelerated. B. ​the body converts amino acid residues to extra blood proteins. C. ​they are filtered from the blood and excreted by the kidneys. D. ​the body removes and excretes their amine groups. E. ​the body stores them until they are needed

D. The body removes and excretes their amine groups

Amino acids are "wasted" (not used to build protein or nitrogen-containing compounds) in the body whenever there is:​ A. ​inadequate dietary sodium or potassium. B. ​too much energy from dietary carbohydrate and fat. C. ​too great a variety of amino acids supplied by the diet. D. ​too much dietary protein. E. ​adequate high-quality protein in the diet.

D. Too much dietary protein

Which statement about the role of protein in a weight-loss plan is accurate?​ A. ​Protein should contribute 65 percent or more of the calories. B. ​There is no evidence that protein helps control the appetite. C. ​It is the proper proportion of nutrients that brings about long-term weight loss. D. ​Meeting protein recommendations during weight loss is critical for preserving lean tissues. E. ​Total energy expenditure is more important than energy intake.

D. ​Meeting protein recommendations during weight loss is critical for preserving lean tissues

The DRI for protein for healthy adults is _____ gram(s) per kilogram of body weight.​ A. ​1.0 B. ​1.5 C. ​0.5 D. ​2.0 E. ​0.8

E. 0.8

For the majority of exercisers, adding excess protein or amino acid supplements to an adequate diet will stimulate muscle building.​ True False

False

Growing children are in negative nitrogen balance because they need more protein for adding blood, bone, and muscle cells.​ True False

False

Pre-digested proteins are easy to digest and can relieve the digestive system from overworking.​ True False

False

Some foods are so high in acid that they are capable of making the acid in the stomach even stronger.​ True False

False

The body is able to make all of the 20 amino acids needed from fragments derived from carbohydrate and fat.​ True False

False

Vegetarians have significantly higher rates of hypertension than the general population. True False

False

Each amino acid has its own distinctive chemical side chain attached to the center carbon of the backbone.​ True False

True

If needed, protein can help to maintain a steady blood glucose level and so meet the glucose needs of the brain.​ True False

True

Legumes are a good source of protein, many B vitamins, iron, and other minerals, making them exceptionally nutritious foods.​ True False

True

Overconsumption of protein-rich foods offers no benefits and may pose health risks, particularly for weakened kidneys.​ True False

True

Sickle-cell disease is an example of an inherited variation in the amino acid sequence.​ True False

True

Sound nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can meet nutrient needs.​ True False

True

The growth of well-fed vegetarian children is similar to that of their meat-eating peers.​ True False

True

When a person ingests a large dose of any single amino acid, absorption of others of its type may be limited.​ True False

True

Without critical essential amino acids to perform their roles, many of the body's life-sustaining activities would come to a halt.​ True False

True