Nutrition Chapter 8
In the DASH-Sodium study, which amount of sodium was found to be the most effective as a daily limit?
1,500 milligrams
Your entire skeleton is replaced with new bone about every
10 years.
The average healthy adult is approximately ________ percent water.
60
When people drank water with high levels of manganese, they experienced symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease.
TRUE
Which of the following is an antioxidant?
selenium
Which of the following is a major electrolyte?
sodium
The two major electrolytes outside your cells and in your blood are
sodium and chloride.
Which mineral is found in the amino acids methionine, cystine, and cysteine?
sulfur
Hyperkalemia occurs when a person consumes supplements with too much
potassium.
Cretinism can occur in individuals deficient in iodine. Which of the following is a symptom of this condition?
All these answers are correct.
Which mineral may play a role in lowering high blood pressure?
All these answers are correct.
Which of the following is correct regarding potassium?
All these answers are correct.
Which of the following statements is correct about water within the human body?
All these statements are correct.
The acronym DASH in the DASH diet stands for
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
A selenium deficiency can cause osteoporosis, which damages the heart.
FALSE
Approximately 60 percent of your thyroid hormones are composed of chromium.
FALSE
Calcium supplements are warranted for all age groups because a normal diet will not provide adequate amounts.
FALSE
Drinking orange juice with poultry will decrease the bioavailability of the iron in the poultry.
FALSE
Excessive alcohol consumption can increase bone density because it promotes the formation of new bone by decreasing the loss of calcium and promoting the activation of vitamin D.
FALSE
Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that severely reduces iron absorption.
FALSE
If a person weighs less after an activity than before, the weight change is due to loss of body fat.
FALSE
In general, hypertension is characterized by having a diastolic pressure above 120 and a systolic pressure above 80.
FALSE
It has been confirmed that zinc can reduce the severity and duration of the common cold.
FALSE
Minerals that are important in fluid balance are called antidiuretics.
FALSE
Over-consumption of calcium is the root cause of the development of kidney stones.
FALSE
The degree to which a nutrient from foods is available for absorption by the body is known as its biodegradability.
FALSE
The diagnosis of osteopenia indicates a lower bone density than a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
FALSE
The hormone that directs the kidneys to reduce water loss from the body by reducing urine output is the thyroid hormone.
FALSE
The main function of iodine is to increase insulin's effectiveness in cells.
FALSE
The most abundant mineral in your body is manganese.
FALSE
Women with a higher body weight are more susceptible to bone fractures than those with a lean or lower body weight.
FALSE
Which of the following is not a function of zinc?
It lowers blood pressure.
A feeling of dehydration despite having consumed significant amounts of fluids may be an indicator of hyponatremia.
TRUE
A low-calcium diet may increase your risk of osteoporosis.
TRUE
Although osteoporosis is often thought of as a condition of the elderly, it has its roots in childhood.
TRUE
Although the majority of water intake is through food and beverages, a small amount of water is also generated during metabolism.
TRUE
An advantage of consuming tap water is that it contains adequate amounts of fluoride.
TRUE
Both magnesium and chromium may play a role in decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
TRUE
Dehydration can occur if too much water and sodium are depleted from the body.
TRUE
Eating meat with vegetables will increase the absorption of the nonheme iron from the vegetables.
TRUE
Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of potassium.
TRUE
Keshan disease typically only occurs in children who live in rural areas that have selenium-poor soil.
TRUE
Most of the sodium in the typical American diet is from processed foods.
TRUE
Overconsumption of fluids can cause hyponatremia, which can be fatal.
TRUE
Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in your body, after calcium.
TRUE
Selenium is part of a class of proteins called selenoproteins, which can function as antioxidants.
TRUE
Smokers absorb less calcium than nonsmokers.
TRUE
Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, can inhibit the absorption of magnesium.
TRUE
Sulfur, phosphorus, and magnesium are all considered major minerals.
TRUE
The bottling and sale of naturally-obtained spring water is under the regulation of the FDA.
TRUE
The inorganic form of arsenic is poisonous for humans.
TRUE
The majority of sodium in most diets comes from processed foods.
TRUE
The movement of water across the cell membrane is called osmosis.
TRUE
Too much fluoride can cause fluorosis, which creates teeth that are extremely resistant to caries but appear mottled.
TRUE
Which of the following is not correct regarding selenium/selenoproteins?
They are proven protection against colon cancer.
Jill is planning on running the Boston Marathon and wants to avoid hyponatremia. What is hyponatremia?
a condition of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids
Which of the following foods contain(s) nonheme iron?
beans
Which of the following is a major mineral of bone?
calcium
Which mineral is found in bleach as well as stomach acid (though in two different forms)?
chlorine
Which mineral's main role is to increase the effectiveness of insulin in cells?
chromium
Which of the following improves insulin response?
chromium
Which mineral helps in the synthesis of collagen and elastin in connective tissue and is also involved in synthesizing melanin in skin?
copper
Which mineral, when added to water supplies, is responsible for lowering the rate of dental caries in the United States?
fluoride
Which of the following is a result of too much iron in the body?
hemochromatosis
Which of the following is a result of too much calcium in the blood?
hypercalcemia
Which of the following is a result of high blood pressure?
hypertension
Which of the following is a result of too little potassium in the blood?
hypokalemia
Which of the following is a result of too little sodium in the blood?
hyponatremia
Which of the following may not help reduce blood pressure?
increasing sodium intake
A goiter is a deficiency of which of the following?
iodine
A deficiency of which mineral is the most common nutritional disorder in the world?
iron
In the body, about two-thirds of which mineral is found in hemoglobin?
iron
Which of the following is a major component of hemoglobin?
iron
A toxicity of which mineral damages the nervous system and causes symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease?
manganese
Which mineral's absorption into the body is enhanced greatly by vitamin C?
nonheme iron
Which calcium supplement may contain lead and other toxic metals?
oyster shell calcium
Which two minerals combine to form hydroxyapatite?
phosphorus and calcium
Which of the following can interfere with the absorption of iron?
phytates
Which of the following is a major mineral?
potassium
Peak bone mass typically occurs when a person is in his or her
thirties.