Nutrition Chapter 8

In the DASH-Sodium study, which amount of sodium was found to be the most effective as a daily limit?

1,500 milligrams

Your entire skeleton is replaced with new bone about every

10 years.

The average healthy adult is approximately ________ percent water.

60

When people drank water with high levels of manganese, they experienced symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease.

TRUE

Which of the following is an antioxidant?

selenium

Which of the following is a major electrolyte?

sodium

The two major electrolytes outside your cells and in your blood are

sodium and chloride.

Which mineral is found in the amino acids methionine, cystine, and cysteine?

sulfur

Hyperkalemia occurs when a person consumes supplements with too much

potassium.

Cretinism can occur in individuals deficient in iodine. Which of the following is a symptom of this condition?

All these answers are correct.

Which mineral may play a role in lowering high blood pressure?

All these answers are correct.

Which of the following is correct regarding potassium?

All these answers are correct.

Which of the following statements is correct about water within the human body?

All these statements are correct.

The acronym DASH in the DASH diet stands for

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

A selenium deficiency can cause osteoporosis, which damages the heart.

FALSE

Approximately 60 percent of your thyroid hormones are composed of chromium.

FALSE

Calcium supplements are warranted for all age groups because a normal diet will not provide adequate amounts.

FALSE

Drinking orange juice with poultry will decrease the bioavailability of the iron in the poultry.

FALSE

Excessive alcohol consumption can increase bone density because it promotes the formation of new bone by decreasing the loss of calcium and promoting the activation of vitamin D.

FALSE

Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that severely reduces iron absorption.

FALSE

If a person weighs less after an activity than before, the weight change is due to loss of body fat.

FALSE

In general, hypertension is characterized by having a diastolic pressure above 120 and a systolic pressure above 80.

FALSE

It has been confirmed that zinc can reduce the severity and duration of the common cold.

FALSE

Minerals that are important in fluid balance are called antidiuretics.

FALSE

Over-consumption of calcium is the root cause of the development of kidney stones.

FALSE

The degree to which a nutrient from foods is available for absorption by the body is known as its biodegradability.

FALSE

The diagnosis of osteopenia indicates a lower bone density than a diagnosis of osteoporosis.

FALSE

The hormone that directs the kidneys to reduce water loss from the body by reducing urine output is the thyroid hormone.

FALSE

The main function of iodine is to increase insulin's effectiveness in cells.

FALSE

The most abundant mineral in your body is manganese.

FALSE

Women with a higher body weight are more susceptible to bone fractures than those with a lean or lower body weight.

FALSE

Which of the following is not a function of zinc?

It lowers blood pressure.

A feeling of dehydration despite having consumed significant amounts of fluids may be an indicator of hyponatremia.

TRUE

A low-calcium diet may increase your risk of osteoporosis.

TRUE

Although osteoporosis is often thought of as a condition of the elderly, it has its roots in childhood.

TRUE

Although the majority of water intake is through food and beverages, a small amount of water is also generated during metabolism.

TRUE

An advantage of consuming tap water is that it contains adequate amounts of fluoride.

TRUE

Both magnesium and chromium may play a role in decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.

TRUE

Dehydration can occur if too much water and sodium are depleted from the body.

TRUE

Eating meat with vegetables will increase the absorption of the nonheme iron from the vegetables.

TRUE

Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of potassium.

TRUE

Keshan disease typically only occurs in children who live in rural areas that have selenium-poor soil.

TRUE

Most of the sodium in the typical American diet is from processed foods.

TRUE

Overconsumption of fluids can cause hyponatremia, which can be fatal.

TRUE

Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in your body, after calcium.

TRUE

Selenium is part of a class of proteins called selenoproteins, which can function as antioxidants.

TRUE

Smokers absorb less calcium than nonsmokers.

TRUE

Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, can inhibit the absorption of magnesium.

TRUE

Sulfur, phosphorus, and magnesium are all considered major minerals.

TRUE

The bottling and sale of naturally-obtained spring water is under the regulation of the FDA.

TRUE

The inorganic form of arsenic is poisonous for humans.

TRUE

The majority of sodium in most diets comes from processed foods.

TRUE

The movement of water across the cell membrane is called osmosis.

TRUE

Too much fluoride can cause fluorosis, which creates teeth that are extremely resistant to caries but appear mottled.

TRUE

Which of the following is not correct regarding selenium/selenoproteins?

They are proven protection against colon cancer.

Jill is planning on running the Boston Marathon and wants to avoid hyponatremia. What is hyponatremia?

a condition of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids

Which of the following foods contain(s) nonheme iron?

beans

Which of the following is a major mineral of bone?

calcium

Which mineral is found in bleach as well as stomach acid (though in two different forms)?

chlorine

Which mineral's main role is to increase the effectiveness of insulin in cells?

chromium

Which of the following improves insulin response?

chromium

Which mineral helps in the synthesis of collagen and elastin in connective tissue and is also involved in synthesizing melanin in skin?

copper

Which mineral, when added to water supplies, is responsible for lowering the rate of dental caries in the United States?

fluoride

Which of the following is a result of too much iron in the body?

hemochromatosis

Which of the following is a result of too much calcium in the blood?

hypercalcemia

Which of the following is a result of high blood pressure?

hypertension

Which of the following is a result of too little potassium in the blood?

hypokalemia

Which of the following is a result of too little sodium in the blood?

hyponatremia

Which of the following may not help reduce blood pressure?

increasing sodium intake

A goiter is a deficiency of which of the following?

iodine

A deficiency of which mineral is the most common nutritional disorder in the world?

iron

In the body, about two-thirds of which mineral is found in hemoglobin?

iron

Which of the following is a major component of hemoglobin?

iron

A toxicity of which mineral damages the nervous system and causes symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease?

manganese

Which mineral's absorption into the body is enhanced greatly by vitamin C?

nonheme iron

Which calcium supplement may contain lead and other toxic metals?

oyster shell calcium

Which two minerals combine to form hydroxyapatite?

phosphorus and calcium

Which of the following can interfere with the absorption of iron?

phytates

Which of the following is a major mineral?

potassium

Peak bone mass typically occurs when a person is in his or her

thirties.