Nutrition Chp 20-23

The number of kilocalories from protein for an adult receiving a 2200 kcal diet should be between a. 100 and 330 kcal. b. 220 and 770 kcal. c. 250 and 800 kcal d. 350 and 1200 kcal.

b. 220 and 770 kcal.

Type 2 diabetes usually appears after the age of a. 30 years. b. 40 years. c. 50 years. d. 60 years.

b. 40 years.

Before general surgery, nothing is given by mouth for at least a. 4 hours. b. 8 hours. c. 12 hours. d. 24 hours.

b. 8 hours.

Symptoms that may occur during the asymptomatic HIV infection stage include a. persistent fatigue, night sweats, thrush, and diarrhea. b. a flulike syndrome lasting a few days or weeks. c. pneumonia, lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and tuberculosis. d. hyperglycemia, heart arrhythmias, and loss of appetite.

b. a flulike syndrome lasting a few days or weeks.

The bone disease osteodystrophy develops because of the kidneys' inability to a. excrete calcium. b. activate vitamin D. c. absorb vitamin D. d. excrete urea.

b. activate vitamin D.

If a patient with type 1 diabetes has a fever and increased blood glucose levels, he or she should a. drink only water until blood glucose levels drop. b. adjust the insulin dose to normalize blood glucose levels. c. maintain normal insulin doses and food intake. d. seek medical advice immediately.

b. adjust the insulin dose to normalize blood glucose levels.

Nephrotic syndrome, or nephrosis, is a disease that a. is caused by chronic hypertension. b. allows large amounts of protein to escape into the tubule. c. causes the buildup of toxic wastes in the blood. d. results in the formation of kidney stones.

b. allows large amounts of protein to escape into the tubule.

If the intestinal drainage from an ostomy site is still liquid, the patient has a. a gastrectomy. b. an ileostomy. c. a colostomy. d. an intestinal bypass.

b. an ileostomy.

Patients who receive chemotherapeutic drugs often develop a. tremors. b. anemia. c. hypertension. d. abnormal heart rhythms.

b. anemia.

For a patient with diabetes, a good nonnutritive choice to sweeten tea would be a. cane sugar. b. aspartame. c. honey. d. fructose.

b. aspartame.

A menu selection high in saturated fat is a. grilled turkey burgers with onion and peppers. b. baked ziti with sausage and cream sauce. c. baked salmon and herbed potatoes. d. baked macaroni and tomato sauce.

b. baked ziti with sausage and cream sauce.

For a patient who can take an oral diet, a food that would be a good source of energy during the postoperative period would be a. lean steak. b. breakfast cereal. c. carrots. d. fried potatoes.

b. breakfast cereal.

A good source of vitamin C, important during the healing process, is a. whole-wheat crackers. b. broccoli. c. vanilla pudding. d. pretzels.

b. broccoli.

Commercial enteral feeding formulas are preferred to blenderized food because they a. have a thinner consistency. b. carry less risk of infection. c. are better tolerated. d. are less expensive.

b. carry less risk of infection.

Protein is especially needed in the postoperative recovery period for a. energy. b. control of edema. c. control of hypertension. d. optimal kidney function.

b. control of edema.

An appropriate intervention for a patient with neutropenia would be to a. drink liquids between meals rather than with meals. b. cook food items immediately after thawing. c. eat at least six, small meals each day. d. serve soy-based milk rather than cow's milk.

b. cook food items immediately after thawing.

Clinical symptoms associated with chronic kidney disease do not include a. anemia. b. diabetes mellitus. c. hypertension. d. bone pain.

b. diabetes mellitus

The largest portion of islet cells in the pancreas are the cells that synthesize a. glucagon. b. insulin. c. somatostatin. d. growth hormone.

b. insulin.

The form of insulin that has its peak action after about 8 hours is a. rapid-acting insulin. b. intermediate-acting insulin. c. long-acting insulin. d. oral hypoglycemic insulin.

b. intermediate-acting insulin.

An appropriate tube feeding route for a patient at high risk for aspiration is a. nasogastric. b. jejunostomy. c. gastrostomy. d. esophagostomy.

b. jejunostomy

Immediately following a gastrectomy, initial postoperative nutrition feedings are met by a. small, frequent oral feedings. b. jejunostomy feedings. c. total parenteral nutrition. d. an oral full liquid diet.

b. jejunostomy feedings.

The three common, long-term complications of diabetes affect the cells of the a. pancreas, liver, and spleen. b. kidney, eye, and nerve tissue. c. kidney, liver, and spleen. d. heart, liver, and brain.

b. kidney, eye, and nerve tissue

To counteract the hypermetabolic state of cancer, it is important to increase the intake of a. protein. b. kilocalories. c. vitamins. d. fats.

b. kilocalories.

Medical nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome includes a. high protein intake. b. moderate protein intake. c. high potassium intake. d. fluid restriction.

b. moderate protein intake.

The primary organ involved in the disease process of type 1 diabetes mellitus is the a. adrenal gland. b. pancreas. c. kidney. d. liver.

b. pancreas.

Classic symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis include a. azotemia. b. proteinuria. c. ascites. d. anemia.

b. proteinuria.

Factors associated with the development of cancer include a. foods that are microwaved. b. radiation exposure. c. food-borne disease. d. diabetes mellitus.

b. radiation exposure.

Cancer therapy that uses radioactive isotopes is a. surgery. b. radiation therapy. c. chemotherapy. d. an x-ray.

b. radiation therapy.

In reviewing the plan of care for a patient with type 2 diabetes who is overweight and likes to eat sweets, an initial goal might be to a. start 10 units of regular insulin 30 minutes before each meal. b. replace a snack of five filled chocolate cookies with three graham crackers. c. check blood sugar after eating cookies and initiate sliding scale insulin. d. remove all carbohydrate foods and encourage only high-protein foods.

b. replace a snack of five filled chocolate cookies with three graham crackers.

Carbohydrates and fats are important in the diets of patients with kidney disease because they a. prevent fatigue. b. spare protein for tissue synthesis. c. are low in sodium. d. are metabolized before they reach the kidney.

b. spare protein for tissue synthesis

A burn that causes cell damage in both the top layer of skin and some of the dermis is a _____ burn. a. superficial b. superficial partial-thickness c. deep partial-thickness d. full-thickness

b. superficial partial-thickness

The type of diet recommended for a person with a calcium stone depends on a. body weight. b. the composition of the stone. c. fiber intake. d. fluid intake.

b. the composition of the stone.

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus are at risk for developing a. chronic kidney disease. b. type 2 diabetes. c. type 1 diabetes. d. morbid obesity.

b. type 2 diabetes.

The most common type of kidney stone is composed of a. calcium. b. uric acid. c. cystine. d. magnesium.

b. uric acid.

Mr. Jones has chronic kidney disease. He is 55 years of age, weighs 165 lbs, and has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 22 mL/min. His estimated energy needs per day are approximately a. 1125 to 2200 kcal/day. b. 1500 to 2350 kcal/day. c. 1875 to 2625 kcal/day. d. 2250 to 2850 kcal/day.

c. 1875 to 2625 kcal/day.

For a patient receiving a 2000 kcal diet, the recommended range of calories that should come from carbohydrate is a. 500 to 750 kcal. b. 750 to 900 kcal. c. 900 to 1300 kcal. d. 1350 to 1650 kcal.

c. 900 to 1300 kcal.

The cells responsible for synthesis and secretion of antibodies are the a. immunoglobulins. b. T cells. c. B cells. d. lymphocytes.

c. B cells.

The surgery in which the colon is attached to an opening in the abdominal wall is known as a. a cholecystectomy. b. an ileostomy. c. a colostomy. d. a jejunostomy.

c. a colostomy.

Once placed on an oral diet following a gastrectomy, an appropriate meal would consist of a. milk and applesauce. b. sweet tea and cookies. c. a scrambled egg and toast. d. a plain hamburger and fries.

c. a scrambled egg and toast.

For patients treated with dialysis, a good source of protein could be a. sherbet. b. green beans. c. a scrambled egg. d. apple crisp.

c. a scrambled egg.

The sudden shutdown of kidney function as the result of traumatic injury is called a. nephrosis. b. glomerulonephritis. c. acute kidney failure. d. chronic kidney failure.

c. acute kidney failure.

Total parenteral nutrition formulas provide protein in the form of a. peptides. b. protein isolates. c. amino acids. d. dextrose.

c. amino acids.

Mr. T has been undergoing treatment for cancer; he has not felt like eating all day and complains of much discomfort and pain. A possible initial intervention to assist in increasing his appetite is to a. administer appetite-stimulant medication as soon as possible. b. assess for weight loss and speak with the physician regarding tube feeding. c. assess pain and discomfort and provide pain-relief measures. d. change the diet plan to all liquids to make it easier to ingest food items.

c. assess pain and discomfort and provide pain-relief measures.

Patients with chronic renal disease may need to restrict their intake of foods high in phosphorus, such as a. milk, nuts, and legumes. b. meat, chicken, and fish. c. bread, cereal, rice, and pasta. d. fruit and potatoes.

c. bread, cereal, rice, and pasta.

Uncontrolled diabetes is related to the abnormal metabolism of a. carbohydrates and proteins. b. proteins and fats. c. carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. d. carbohydrates only.

c. carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

A food item that would be an appropriate part of a full liquid diet is a. pureed chicken. b. mashed potatoes. c. chocolate ice cream. d. scrambled eggs.

c. chocolate ice cream.

The food item most likely to lead to dumping syndrome is a. lean meat. b. butter. c. chocolate pudding. d. whole-wheat toast.

c. chocolate pudding.

A progressive increase in serum urea levels occurs in a. acute renal failure. b. glomerulonephritis. c. chronic kidney failure. d. nephrotic syndrome.

c. chronic kidney failure.

The bone disease osteodystrophy is associated with a. glomerulonephritis. b. acute renal failure. c. chronic renal failure. d. nephrotic syndrome.

c. chronic renal failure.

For individuals with type 2 diabetes, exercise a. decreases insulin efficiency. b. stimulates the release of insulin. c. decreases risk of cardiovascular disease. d. raises blood glucose levels.

c. decreases risk of cardiovascular disease.

Ketones are by-product of the metabolism of a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. fats d. alcohol

c. fats

The accumulation of glucose in the blood is called a. glycosuria. b. polydipsia. c. hyperglycemia. d. hypoglycemia.

c. hyperglycemia.

One of the first recommendations for any type of kidney stone is to a. increase the fiber in the diet. b. reduce calcium intake. c. increase fluid intake. d. decrease protein intake.

c. increase fluid intake.

Mr. B needs to have his gall bladder removed. His appetite has been poor, and he has lost 20 lb in the past 4 months. Before surgery he should a. focus on fruit, vegetables, and organic foods. b. allow his appetite to dictate his food choices. c. increase his intake of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals. d. maintain a lower energy intake to reduce stress on his body.

c. increase his intake of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals

The point at which a mutagen causes irreversible damage to DNA is referred to as a. neoplasms. b. promotion. c. initiation. d. progression.

c. initiation.

Blood losses may result in a deficiency of a. calcium. b. glucose. c. iron. d. vitamin C.

c. iron.

The massive edema of nephrotic syndrome is caused by a. blockage in the nephron tubules. b. excessive fluid intake. c. large protein losses in the urine. d. a diet too high in sodium.

c. large protein losses in the urine.

A fundamental effect of untreated HIV infection is a. nausea. b. vomiting. c. major weight loss. d. cirrhosis.

c. major weight loss.

A fasting blood glucose level of 85 mg/dL would be considered consistent with a. an impaired glucose tolerance. b. diabetes. c. normal health. d. a diabetic coma.

c. normal health.

A major clinical symptom of acute kidney failure is a. hematuria. b. proteinuria. c. oliguria. d. massive edema.

c. oliguria.

Mucositis is an inflammation of the a. stomach mucosa. b. intestinal mucosa. c. oral mucosa. d. pancreas.

c. oral mucosa.

The method of dialysis that allows patients to be mobile is a. hemodialysis. b. renal dialysis. c. peritoneal dialysis. d. continuous dialysis.

c. peritoneal dialysis.

The primary goal in nutrition care of patients with cancer is to a. prevent further growth of the tumor. b. reduce nutrients that the tumor feeds on. c. prevent malnutrition. d. promote weight gain.

c. prevent malnutrition.

The best strategy for a person with HIV infection is to a. recommend intake of specific combinations of food. b. expect significant changes in lifestyle behaviors. c. promote optimal nutrition while making the fewest food changes. d. act as a catalyst for selecting appropriate lifestyle changes.

c. promote optimal nutrition while making the fewest food changes.

The most common nutritional deficiency among surgical patients is a deficiency of a. vitamin C. b. iron. c. protein. d. essential fatty acids.

c. protein.

The presence of protein in the urine is called a. hematuria. b. oliguria. c. proteinuria. d. anuria.

c. proteinuria.

For patients with uric acid stones, health practitioners may recommend a diet low in a. calcium. b. vegetable protein. c. purines. d. fat.

c. purines.

An individual attends a community-sponsored, health-screening event and a slightly elevated blood sugar level is detected. An appropriate intervention would be to a. inform the individual that he or she has diabetes and should go to the emergency room immediately. b. recommend the individual start a high-protein, low carbohydrate diet and begin exercising. c. recommend the individual follow up with his or her health care practitioner for further evaluation. d. tell the individual not to worry and that there is no need for any additional follow-up.

c. recommend the individual follow up with his or her health care practitioner for further evaluation.

If salivary secretions are reduced or absent, it may be most helpful to a. serve a clear liquid diet. b. use a tube feeding. c. serve food in semiliquid form. d. serve water with the meal.

c. serve food in semiliquid form.

The immune system's ability to function is compromised by a. increased metabolism of water-soluble vitamins. b. increased metabolism caused by emotional stress. c. severe malnutrition with atrophy of organs and tissues. d. increased hormonal levels associated with stress.

c. severe malnutrition with atrophy of organs and tissues.

The hormone that is synthesized by the d cells of the pancreatic islets is a. glycogen. b. ketone. c. somatostatin. d. insulin.

c. somatostatin.

If a patient has a CD4+ ƒ of 350 cells/μL, they have a. stage 0 HIV. b. stage 1 HIV. c. stage 2 HIV. d. stage 3 HIV.

c. stage 2 HIV.

If a patient requires parenteral nutrition for a prolonged period, the most appropriate type of feeding is a. elemental enteral formula. b. intact enteral formula. c. total parenteral nutrition. d. peripheral parenteral nutrition.

c. total parenteral nutrition.

Patients who have had radical surgery of the head, neck, or throat may require a. a clear liquid diet. b. a full liquid diet. c. tube feedings. d. a low-residue diet.

c. tube feedings.

Which of the following functions is not associated with the hormone insulin? a. Insulin moves glucose into the cell. b. Insulin inhibits fat breakdown. c. Insulin converts glucose into glycogen. d. Insulin mobilizes liver glycogen to yield glucose.

d. Insulin mobilizes liver glycogen to yield glucose

A dietary pattern that would be most beneficial for a patient with diabetes is a a. low-sodium diet. b. low-sugar diet. c. high-protein diet. d. Mediterranean diet.

d. Mediterranean diet.

Ms. Jones comes to the emergency department with a severe drug reaction to penicillin. She may be at risk for a. diabetes or heart disease. b. high sodium intake. c. protein-energy malnutrition. d. acute kidney failure.

d. acute kidney failure.

During the initial stage of treatment of a severe burn a. an intravenous dextrose feeding is started. b. total parenteral nutrition is initiated. c. the patient is encouraged to take water orally. d. an intravenous electrolyte solution is given.

d. an intravenous electrolyte solution is given

The hormone that causes the kidneys to reabsorb water and decrease urine production is a. renin. b. vitamin D. c. erythropoietin. d. antidiuretic hormone.

d. antidiuretic hormone

Mr. Jones is 20 lb above his desirable weight and has type 2 diabetes. A recommendation to Mr. Jones would be to a. increase kilocalorie intake. b. include between-meal snacks. c. take extra food during exercise. d. decrease kilocalorie intake.

d. decrease kilocalorie intake.

The "cleaning solution" used in hemodialysis is called the a. filtrate. b. plasma. c. urine. d. dialysate.

d. dialysate.

Ms. Jones has recently had gastric surgery; 45 minutes after eating her regular diet she feels cramping and full with waves of weakness and dizziness. Ms. Jones is most likely experiencing a. a heart attack. b. a gallbladder attack. c. a pulmonary embolus. d. dumping syndrome.

d. dumping syndrome.

The structure responsible for filtering the blood is the a. loop of Henle. b. proximal tubule. c. distal tubule. d. glomerulus.

d. glomerulus.

The nutrition care plan for AIDS patients is a. the same as for healthy individuals. b. consistent throughout the course of the disease. c. based on the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. d. individualized and continually adjusted throughout the course of the disease.

d. individualized and continually adjusted throughout the course of the disease.

A food that is not in the meat group of the Choose Your Foods: Exchange Lists for Diabetes is a. turkey. b. shrimp. c. egg. d. milk.

d. milk.

A major systemic effect of cancer is a. edema. b. hypoglycemia. c. dehydration. d. negative nitrogen balance.

d. negative nitrogen balance.

Type 2 diabetes is most common in a. infants. b. children. c. adolescents. d. older adults.

d. older adults.

Two minerals that are lost during tissue catabolism are a. sodium and chloride. b. calcium and magnesium. c. iron and zinc. d. potassium and phosphorus.

d. potassium and phosphorus.

An example of a food item that is usually not part of a regular oral diet is a. steamed broccoli. b. braised chicken. c. a baked potato. d. puréed carrots.

d. puréed carrots.

A patient with type 2 diabetes eats a high-protein, very low-carbohydrate diet to try to lose weight. The main long-term concern if the patient continues this eating pattern would be a. excessive weight loss. b. the development of hypertension. c. the development of liver disease d. the development of neuropathy.

d. the development of neuropathy.

The classic symptoms of chronic kidney failure result from a. a diet high in sodium. b. a diet chronically low in fluid intake. c. severe trauma to the body. d. the progressive loss of nephrons.

d. the progressive loss of nephrons.

Azotemia refers to elevated blood levels of a. glucose. b. cholesterol. c. amines. d. urea.

d. urea.

Physiologic symptoms of dumping syndrome result from a. the intestinal contents being absorbed too quickly. b. the ingested food remaining in the stomach too long. c. the stomach emptying too quickly into the intestine. Physiologic symptoms of dumping syndrome result from d. water being drawn from the blood into the intestine and decreasing the blood volume.

d. water being drawn from the blood into the intestine and decreasing the blood volume.

A patient with lipodystrophy may benefit from following a a. Mediterranean diet. b. high-protein diet. c. liquid and semiliquid diet. d. vegetarian diet.

a. Mediterranean diet.

The cellular component of the immune system that is derived from the thymus is the a. T cell. b. B cell. c. phagocyte. d. lymphocyte.

a. T cell.

The person who has the highest risk for developing cancer is a. a minimum-wage worker who usually runs out of money to buy food between paychecks and eats mostly pasta. b. a body builder who supplements his or her food intake with protein shakes and vitamin and mineral supplements. c. an elderly man who lives alone and eats at the local congregate meal site at noon each weekday. d. a nurse who has a young family and works full time in the oncology clinic of a local hospital.

a. a minimum-wage worker who usually runs out of money to buy food between paychecks and eats mostly pasta.

Given a functional gastrointestinal tract, the preferred method of feeding a patient with cancer is a. a normal oral intake. b. a liquid formula diet. c. tube feeding. d. total parenteral feeding.

a. a normal oral intake.

For patients with cancer, a good source of dietary protein is a. a scrambled egg. b. applesauce. c. orange sherbet. d. mashed potatoes.

a. a scrambled egg.

An HIV-positive patient should be referred to the clinical dietitian on the AIDS team a. at the first contact with a health professional. b. at stage 2 with development of symptoms. c. at stage 3 with AIDS-indicator conditions. d. when the patient has nutrition-related problems.

a. at the first contact with a health professional.

If a patient has increased protein and zinc needs to promote wound healing, a good meal choice would be a. beef and bean stew. b. squash soup with sour cream. c. stir-fried vegetables and rice. d. citrus fruit salad and yogurt.

a. beef and bean stew.

Nutrition support is a vital care component throughout the progression of HIV infection and especially in the advanced stages of the disease because of its role in a. controlling involuntary weight loss and tissue wasting. b. maintaining cardiac function. c. preventing the spread of the HIV virus. d. preventing anemia and constipation.

a. controlling involuntary weight loss and tissue wasting.

Patients who receive chemotherapy drugs often develop anemia because the drugs a. damage the bone marrow. b. prevent iron absorption. c. interfere with folate metabolism. d. destroy hemoglobin.

a. damage the bone marrow.

After a cholecystectomy, an example of a food item that may need to be decreased is a. fried chicken. b. applesauce. c. white bread. d. sherbet.

a. fried chicken

Ordinarily, the cell operates in an orderly fashion under the influence of the a. genetic code. b. outside environment. c. endoplasmic reticulum. d. nutrients taken into the cell.

a. genetic code.

The hormone considered to act in a manner opposite to insulin is a. glucagon. b. somatostatin. c. growth hormone. d. adrenaline.

a. glucagon.

Advancing the carbohydrate load too quickly in total parenteral nutrition may result in a. hyperglycemia. b. hypoglycemia. c. fluid overload. d. anemia.

a. hyperglycemia

Protease inhibitors work by a. inhibiting the enzyme protease. b. preventing reverse transcriptase. c. binding to HIV. d. enhancing the enzyme lipase.

a. inhibiting the enzyme protease.

An intravenous solution that is immediately given to a burn patient to prevent hypovolemia is a. lactated Ringer's solution. b. 5% dextrose. c. normal saline. d. total parenteral nutrition.

a. lactated Ringer's solution.

The microscopic functional units of the kidney are called a. nephrons. b. glomeruli. c. tubules. d. loops of Henle.

a. nephrons.

Symptoms of chronic kidney failure include a. nitrogen retention. b. euphoria. c. jaundice. d. the inability to sleep.

a. nitrogen retention.

Disease conditions that can interfere with normal kidney function include a. obstruction and infection. b. chronic caffeine intake. c. chronic alcohol abuse. d. anemia.

a. obstruction and infection.

An appropriate recommendation for a patient with cancer who has a poor appetite is to a. plan several small meals and snacks each day. b. let hunger dictate the eating pattern to avoid nausea. c. drink a full glass of water before each meal. d. eat mostly fruits and vegetables.

a. plan several small meals and snacks each day.

When patients with chronic kidney disease begin dialysis, they can increase their intake of a. protein. b. phosphorus. c. energy. d. fat.

a. protein.

Fluid loss due to vomiting, fever, or excessive urination is accompanied by loss of the electrolytes a. sodium and chloride. b. calcium and magnesium. c. iron and zinc. d. potassium and phosphorus.

a. sodium and chloride.

Glomerulonephritis or nephritic syndrome is one of the causes of a. stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). b. stage 1 CKD. c. kidney stones. d. heart failure.

a. stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

A good source of fiber-rich food is a. steel cut oats. b. a grilled chicken breast. c. cinnamon applesauce. d. an English muffin.

a. steel cut oats.

A disadvantage associated with abdominal radiation is that a. the structure and function of the bowel may be adversely affected. b. the radiation can be dispersed to all the abdominal organs once it passes into the cavity. c. it is hard to pinpoint the precise area to target the radiation. d. the treatment itself is often very painful for the patient.

a. the structure and function of the bowel may be adversely affected.

A 62-year-old patient with a history of blood sugars slightly above normal and recurrent skin infections may need to be further assessed for a. type 2 diabetes. b. gestational diabetes. c. chronic kidney disease. d. hepatitis.

a. type 2 diabetes.

Patients who are treated with antibiotics may have decreased synthesis of a. vitamin K. b. vitamin C. c. zinc. d. iron.

a. vitamin K

The main factors that influence development of type 2 diabetes mellitus are a. weight and heredity. b. liver disease. c. enzyme deficiencies. d. childhood illnesses.

a. weight and heredity.

An example of a food that would be part of the carbohydrate exchange group would be a. whole-wheat bread. b. vanilla ice cream. c. white tuna. d. skim milk.

a. whole-wheat bread.