Nutrition Exam 1
What does the "free" on a label indicate?
"Free" means that a serving of the food, as defined on the label, has none or only a negligible amount. For something to be considered "calorie free" it must contain fewer than 5 calories. "fat free" or "sugar free" indicate there is less than half a gram per serving.
List and define the 5 characteristics of a healthy diet.
- adequate - balanced - calorie control - moderate - varied
Classify the level of consumption of these foods according to the USDA food guide system: - taco shells - scalloped potatoes - mushrooms - peanut butter - ground beef - lean meat - baked beans - croissant - cornbread - biscuit - pasta - lemonade - rice - chocolate milk - nuts - fat free cottage cheese
- limit - limit - often - often - limit - often - limit - limit - limit - limit - often - limit - often - limit - often - often
which statement(s) would be considered accurate for the indicated food? Macaroni and cheese (as prepared): high in calcium Macaroni and cheese (as prepared): good source of calcium (10-19% DV = "good") Wheat bread (2 slices): high in niacin Wheat bread (2 slices): good source of niacin
- mac and cheese (as prepared): good source of calcium - wheat bread (2 slices): good source of niacin
how much fruit did sophia get?
1 1/2 cups 12 oz. = 1 1/2 cups
how many tablespoons of milk would sophia need to measure 1/4 cup milk for the mac and cheese?
1 c = 16 tbsp. 1/4 x 16 tbsp = 4 tbsp
Use conversion equivalents: 1 cup (c) = _____ fluid ounces (fl oz). This applies only to liquids. For dry foods, the volume per ounce depends on the density of the food. - 1 oz Grape Nuts cereal or granola = ____ c - 1 oz flaky or puffy cereal ≈ ____ c 4 c = ___ quart (qt) 3 teaspoons (tsp or t) = ____ tablespoon (Tbsp or T) 4 tablespoons = ____ c 1 ounce (oz) = _____ g 16 oz = ____ pound (lb) 2.2 lb = _____ kilogram (kg) 454 g = _____ lb 1 g = _______ milligrams (mg) = ________ micrograms (µg or mcg)
1 cup (c) = 8 fluid ounces (fl oz). This applies only to liquids. For dry foods, the volume per ounce depends on the density of the food. - 1 oz Grape Nuts cereal or granola = 1/4 c - 1 oz flaky or puffy cereal ≈ ¾-1 c 4 c = 1 quart (qt) 3 teaspoons (tsp or t) = 1 tablespoon (Tbsp or T) 4 tablespoons = ¼ c 1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 grams (g), or about 28 g 16 oz = 1 pound (lb) 2.2 lb = 1 kilogram (kg) 454 g = 1 lb 1 g = 1000 milligrams (mg) = 1,000,000 micrograms (µg or mcg)
Which is the equivalent of 1 cup of fruit? ½ cup of orange juice 1 cup of strawberries ½ cup of watermelon 1 cup of raisins
1 cup of strawberries
According to the Food Patterns, which is equivalent to 1 ounce of meat? 1 egg 1 oz cheese ¼ oz nuts ½ c refried beans
1 egg These are equivalent to 1 oz of meat: 1 oz cooked lean meat, poultry, or fish; 1 egg; ¼ c cooked legumes or tofu; 1 Tbsp peanut butter; or ½ oz nuts or seeds. Thus ½ c legumes would be equal to 2 oz, not 1 oz of meat
Which conversion is accurate? 8 ounces = 1 pound 1 pound = 16 ounces 16 ounces = 1 cup liquid cups = 1 quart
1 pound = 16 ounces
legumes can be counted in either the protein group or the vegetable group. if she counted this in the vegetable group, this would be equivalent of how many cups of vegetables?
1/2 cup
Patricia has a recipe that calls for 1 teaspoon of vanilla. This is equal to how many tablespoons? 1/3 tablespoon 3 tablespoons 2 tablespoons 1/2 tablespoon
1/3 tablespoon 1 Tbsp = 3 tsp
What is the AMDR for protein? 20 to 35 percent of calories 45 to 65 percent of calories 10 to 35 percent of calories 25 to 40 percent of calories
10 to 35 percent of calories
In order for a food label to indicate the food is a "good source" of a nutrient, what must it contain? 20% of the Daily Value per serving 10-19% of the Daily Value per cup The criteria are based on the serving size of that particular food. A serving may or may not be a cup. Review the criteria in "Checking out Food labels." 10-19% of the Daily Value per serving 20% of the Daily Value per cup
10-19% of the Daily Value per cup**
How many tablespoons are in a cup?
16 Tbsp/cup
How many ounces are in a pound?
16 oz/lb
what is the recommended amount of fruit for sophia - physically active 19 yr old?
2 cups
Which of the following is equivalent to 1 cup of milk? 1/2 cup cream cheese 1/2 cup fat-free yogurt 1 oz fat-free natural cheese 2 oz fat-free processed cheese
2 oz fat-free processed cheese
legumes can be counted in either the protein group or the vegetable group. if she counted this in the protein group, this would be equivalent to how many ounces of protein?
2 oz.
Kevin decides that he needs to eat 4 oz of grain equivalents for lunch today. Which of the following would equal 4 oz of grain? 4 cups of pasta 2 cups of ready-to-eat cereal 1 sandwich (2 slices of bread) 2 sandwiches (4 slices of bread)
2 sandwiches (4 slices of bread) 1 oz of grain is equivalent to 1 slice of bread; ½ c cooked rice, pasta, or cereal; 1 oz dry pasta or rice; or 1 c of ready to eat cereal. 2 sandwiches, with 4 slices of bread, is the only option that is equal to 4 oz of grain.
Which combination of foods meets but does not exceed the meat group recommendation for someone needing 2400 calories? 6 oz steak and 1 c baked beans 2 oz chicken and ½ c cooked legumes 3 1/2 oz fish, 3 oz ground beef 2 Tbsp peanut butter and 1 oz sunflower seeds
3 1/2 oz fish, 3 oz ground beef
If you need 2400 calories each day, what quantity of vegetable is recommended each day? 10 oz 2 cups 16 oz 3 cups
3 cups
How many teaspoons are in a tablespoon?
3 tsp/Tbsp
A bottle of water contains 24 ounces. How many cups is that? 5.0 cups 3.0 cups 2.0 cups 8.0 cups
3.0 cups 1 cup = 8 oz
What percent of calories is recommended coming from carbohydrates? 20-35% 25-55% 45-65% 35-60%
45-65%
how much protein does sophia usually get from the protein foods group?
5 oz. sausage=2 hot dog=2 egg=1
Celeste weighs 113 pounds. How much does she weigh in kilograms? 75 kg 170 kg 249 kg 51 kg
51 kg 1 kg = 2.2 pounds; divide pounds by kilograms For example, if Celeste weighed 108 pounds, 108 divided by 2.2 pounds/kg equals 49.1 kg.
For a person needing 2400 calories each day, what is the recommended intake of protein foods? 5 1/2 oz 6 oz 5 oz 6 1/2 oz
6 1/2 oz
sophia is physically active and aged 19. what is the recommended amount from the protein foods group for sophia?
6 1/2 oz.
Order the following according to their kcal content, from least to greatest kcal. 18 g of carbohydrates 20 g protein 9 g of fat 7 g of alcohol - Alcohol, carbohydrates, protein, fat - Alcohol, fat, carbohydrates, protein - Carbohydrates, fat, alcohol, protein - Protein, alcohol, carbohydrates, fat Hint: Convert the grams of each substance to kilocalories (Calories).
7 g alcohol x 7 cal/g = 49 cal 18 g carbohydrate x 4 cal/g = 72 cal 20 g protein x 4 cal/g = 80 g 9g fat x 9 cal/g = 81 cal The order of lowest cal to highest cal, is alcohol, carbohydrate, protein, fat.
Which is lowest in calories? 5 g fat 7 g alcohol 8 g carbohydrate 10 g protein
8 g carbohydrate
A soft drink can holds 12 ounces. How many cups is that?
8 oz = 1 cup; 12 oz ÷ 8 oz/cup = 1½ cup
What is the recommended grain intake for someone needing 2400 cal/day? 8 oz, with at least, 4 oz from whole grain 10 oz, with at least 1/3 from whole grain 8 oz, with at least 1/3 from whole grain 10 oz, including at least 1 oz from whole grain 10 oz, with at least 4 oz from whole grain 8 oz, including at least 1 oz from whole grain
8 oz, with at least, 4 oz from whole grain
Trevor weighs 193 pounds. How much does he weigh in kilograms? 425 kg 129 kg 290 kg 88 kg
88 kg 1 kg = 2.2 pounds
What does a correlation tell about the relationship between factors?
A correlation can show that the factors are related, either directly or inversely, but it does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship. Chance or some other factor may be the cause of either or both factors.
Which of the following foods would contain the LEAST amount of fiber? Beans and rice A large apple A cup of grape juice 1 slice of whole wheat bread
A cup of grape juice
What are the 5 characteristics of a healthy diet?
A healthy diet is adequate in providing all the essential nutrients and balanced in providing foods that supply all the nutrients, so too much of some foods doesn't crowd out other foods needed to supply remaining nutrients. A healthy diet provides the right amount of calories to maintain an appropriate weight. It is also moderate in including foods that supply fat, salt and sugar, and it is varied in the foods chosen from day to day.
insulin
A hormone that lowers blood glucose
glucagon
A hormone that raises blood glucose
glucose
A monosaccharide
In nutrition, the word essential means: A necessary nutrient that can be obtained only from the diet. The body can manufacture the nutrient from raw materials. Necessary for good health and proper functioning of the body. Compounds the body can make for itself.
A necessary nutrient that can be obtained only from the diet.
What is meant by nutrient density? What are some examples of nutrient dense foods?
A nutrient dense food provides a generous amount of nutrients and relatively few calories. Nutrient dense foods include apples, dark green vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, fat-free milk, and many others.
What is the cause of lactose intolerance, and what are the common symptoms?
A person has lactose intolerance when the body produces too little of the enzyme lactase needed to digest lactose (milk sugar). Undigested lactose remaining in the intestine draws liquid into the intestine from surrounding tissue and the bloodstream and intestinal bacteria use the undigested lactose for their own energy. These conditions cause irritating symptoms including nausea, pain, diarrhea, and excessive gas.
glycogen
A polysaccharide
What is the main digestive function of the colon? Absorption and transport of carbohydrates Mechanical and chemical digestion of fat Absorption of fluid Enzymatic breakdown of protein
Absorption of fluid
What is the recommended intake for iron for a 20 year old female? For a 20 year old male?
According to the RDA, the recommended intake for iron for a 20 year old female is 18 mg per day. The recommended intake for a 20 year old male is 8 mg per day.
What is the recommended intake for vitamin A, for an 18 year old female? How much is too much?
According to the RDA, the recommended intake for vitamin A for an 18 year old female is 700µg/day. (µg means microgram, which is one thousandths of a milligram or mg. A milligram is one thousandth of a gram.) According to the UL, Vitamin A has a toxicity level of 2800 µg/day for an 18 year old female.
What happens in the stomach during protein digestion? Proteins are broken down by mechanical means and mixed with saliva. Undigested protein is carried out of the body. Enzymes from the pancreas break down protein. Acid uncoils protein strands and activates a protein-digesting enzyme.
Acid uncoils protein strands and activates a protein-digesting enzyme.
Which is accurate about the body's use of alcohol? Alcohol intake is usually associated with increases in food consumption, leading to possible nutrient toxicities. In heavy drinkers, fat accumulates in the colon. Alcohol speeds up the liver's synthesis of fatty acids. Liver cells are regenerated out of control after exposure to alcohol.
Alcohol speeds up the liver's synthesis of fatty acids.
Alyssa wants to start eating breakfast regularly, now she is at college. She made a list of foods and ingredients she might buy to have on hand for breakfast. What is Alyssa's stage of behavior change?
Alyssa is getting ready to make the change and has taken some initial steps by making lists of food and ingredients, so she is in the stage of Preparation.
Which type of research involves experimental manipulation of some population members? Epidemiological study Laboratory study Case study Intervention study
An intervention study involves researchers actively intervening and manipulating some aspect of people's lives.
Which is NOT a likely complication of uncontrolled blood sugar for Sophia's parents? Kidney failure Blindness Anemia Poor wound healing
Anemia - Iron deficiency is not a complication of uncontrolled blood sugar.
What are the names of the complex carbohydrates, and how do they differ from each other? What is their basic building block?
Another name for complex carbohydrates is polysaccharides, because the molecules are strands of many ("poly") repeating glucose molecules - their basic building block. The complex carbohydrates include glycogen, starch, and most fibers. Glycogen is the polysaccharide found in humans and animals. The structure of glycogen is highly branched. The body makes it from the glucose building blocks and stores small amounts of glycogen for the body's use. Starch is the digestible polysaccharide found in plants. Humans produce enzymes in their intestinal tract to break the bonds between glucose molecules so the glucose can be absorbed.Most fibers are also polysaccharides, but they differ from starch in one important way: humans do not make the enzymes to break the bonds, so the glucose in fiber cannot be absorbed.
What factors besides increased intake of added sugars are contributing to rising rates of obesity and diabetes in developing countries?
As incomes rise, people tend to turn away from their traditional diets composed of whole foods because they can afford to eat more fats, animal proteins, fast foods, and highly processed foods. All of these contribute to higher calorie intakes, at the same time that populations are decreasing their physical activity.
Sophia's parents are obese and have type 2 diabetes. What should they do, to improve blood sugar control? Limit physical activity to avoid foot injuries and later amputation. Eliminate sweets and desserts from their diet. Substitute honey for white sugar. Balance carb intake with medications, insulin, and exercise.
Balance carb intake with medications, insulin, and exercise.
Which characteristic of a healthy diet means providing a variety of foods so that intakes are in a reasonable proportion to each other? Balance Moderation Calorie control Adequacy
Balance means providing a number of different foods in proportion to each other so that an excess of some foods does not crowd out others with their nutrients.
Which of the following represents choices from the meat group in the USDA Food Patterns? Fish, cheese, ham Beans, legumes, avocados Poultry, beans, cheese Beef, legumes, peanut butter
Beef, legumes, peanut butter
Identify the transportation system that carries the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine to where they are needed. (Select all that apply.) Nerves Blood vessels Lymph vessels
Blood vessels Lymph vessels
What is the advantage of sugars consumed in fruits over the same sugars consumed in purified sweets?
Both fruit and refined sugar in sweets (sucrose and high fructose corn syrup - which is described later in the chapter) provide both fructose and glucose. However, the sugar in fruit is diluted with a high volume of water and is packaged with fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, so it is nutrient dense. Purified sweets provide "empty" calories.
Joe read the nutrition facts label on a granola bar. The bar contained 29g carbohydrates, 4g protein, 160 mg of sodium, and 6g of fat. Which component in the granola bar provides the most calories? Fat Sodium Carbohydrate Protein
Carbohydrate
Which nutrients yield energy?
Carbohydrate, fat, and protein all provide energy. Vitamins and minerals do not store any energy but they are important in releasing energy from the three energy-containing nutrients.
Which of the following nutrients is organic? Carbohydrates Vitamins Minerals Water
Carbohydrates
Why is carbohydrate an essential nutrient? Carbohydrates are the main source of glucose, which is necessary as the energy source for the brain. Cells are not able to use any energy provided by fats. Ketones produced from carbohydrates do not provide adequate energy for cells.
Carbohydrates are the main source of glucose, which is necessary as the energy source for the brain.
Which of these options describes the best way to prevent malnutrition? Taking Vitamin A supplements Eating large amounts of protein Removing saturated fat from the diet Choosing a variety of foods
Choosing a variety of foods
What are the consequences of chronic high blood sugar (uncontrolled diabetes)?
Chronic high blood sugar can lead to many problems. Some cells convert excess glucose to toxic alcohols, causing cells to swell. In the eyes this causes vision problems. Other cells respond by abnormally attaching excess glucose to protein, interfering with the proteins' functions. Blood vessels and nerves are damaged in this way, causing loss of circulation and nerve function. Loss of blood flow damages the kidneys. The poor circulation also increases the likelihood of infections.
What are the differences or similarities in symptoms for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Common symptoms are excessive thirst, urination, and hunger. A person may lose weight in spite of eating an appropriate amount or even excessive amount of food. Fatigue, infections, blurry vision, and poor wound healing are common in both types of diabetes. In type 1, the symptoms usually appear suddenly and dramatically. In type 2 the symptoms are more subtle and may develop gradually; often the individual blames the problems on obesity or old age.
What are some examples of foods that are lower in nutrient density?
Compared to nutrient dense foods, they are higher in calories and lower in nutrients; sometimes they are called "empty calorie foods." These foods often are more highly processed and fat and/or sugar have been added.
Cameron just found out that he has high blood cholesterol and is interested in learning how he can lower his cholesterol levels. Which action would help most to reduce his blood cholesterol? Stop drinking soda Have his gallbladder removed Consume more fiber Take a multivitamin supplement
Consume more fiber
A person with heart disease is told he has to make some changes in his diet and lifestyle practices. He states "I know that I should make changes because my father and brother both died of heart attacks. But, I really like to have my big steaks for dinner." He is in what stage of behavior change? Precontemplation Maintenance Contemplation Action
Contemplation
In the video clip "Therapeutic Touch", the first study where heart bypass surgery patients received 1 of 3 treatments would be considered a(n): Lab study Epidemiological study Controlled clinical study Case study
Controlled clinical study
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)? Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) Daily Values (DV) Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) Adequate Intakes (AI) Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
Daily Values (DV)
Someone complains about blurred vision, cravings for sweets, weakness, and excessive thirst and urinations. What do these symptoms suggest? Hypoglycemia Fasting Lactose intolerance Diabetes
Diabetes
Which dietary change is most likely to help someone with lactose intolerance? Consume milk only with the morning meal, when enzyme production is highest. Receive enzyme injections daily. Drink limited amounts of milk, such as a cup or two daily, with meals or snacks. Avoid eating aged cheese.
Drink limited amounts of milk, such as a cup or two daily, with meals or snacks.
A panel of nutrition scientists is studying the adequacy of Americans' nutrient intake. Which set of Dietary Reference Intakes would be used for establishing policies and recommendations? EAR DV RDA AMDR
EAR The EAR is the average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. It is helpful to assess nutrient intakes of populations and consequently make recommendations.
Which is true about how alcohol affects the body's function? Alcohol helps quench thirst. Alcohol interferes with synthesis of fatty acids. Drinking coffee and exercising speed up alcohol metabolism. Eating slows alcohol absorption from the stomach.
Eating slows alcohol absorption from the stomach.
Jan is watching her calorie intake so she wants to eat mainly nutrient-dense foods. Jan likes all of these listed foods. Which is highest in nutrient density? Crackers Granola Biscuits Enriched bagels
Enriched bagels Foods that are high in nutrient density are the foods we should choose most often. Enriched bagels have a greater nutrient density because they have been enriched with vitamins and minerals.
Which is accurate about starch digestion or absorption? Disaccharides made available from starch digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream and delivered to the liver. Starch digestion begins in the stomach and is completed in the pancreas. Enzymes from the pancreas and small intestine are needed for starch digestion. Enzymes in saliva digest most starch into disaccharides.
Enzymes from the pancreas and small intestine are needed for starch digestion.
Which is the correct sequence of foodstuffs passing through the digestive system? Mouth, stomach, bile duct, small intestine Stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum Mouth, esophagus, small intestine, stomach
Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum
Which statement describes adipose tissue? Excess carbohydrates are converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is used to produce enzymes for digestion. Adipose tissue is used to transport nutrients. Water is absorbed by adipose tissue in the small intestine.
Excess carbohydrates are converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue.
Which is the most energy rich of the nutrients? Protein Vitamins Fat Carbohydrate
Fat
If you had to take a very small amount of food with you, which nutrient would provide the most calories for the weight? Fat Carbohydrates Protein
Fat has 9 calories per gram, more than twice as much as protein or carbohydrates. 45 calories of fat would only weigh 5 grams, whereas 45 calories of protein or carbohydrate would each weigh 9 grams. Thus, smaller amounts of food high in fat will give more calories for the weight.
Which statement is true concerning the storage of fats in the body? Only limited amounts of fat can be stored in the body, the exact amount depending on each person's genetic makeup. Fat that is not needed for body cells is picked up and stored in adipose tissue. Fat can be converted to carbohydrate when dietary carbohydrate is unavailable. Fat is first stored as glycogen in the liver and then sent to fat cells to be stored.
Fat that is not needed for body cells is picked up and stored in adipose tissue.
Sandra is a teenage girl who wants to get enough calcium without exceeding her calorie needs. What choice of milk products should Sandra make? Reduced yogurt 1% low-fat milk Fat-free milk
Fat-free milk
The digestive tract needs __________ that provides the bulk against which the muscles of the colon can work. energy fiber fat protein
Fiber
Which statement is FALSE about absorption and transport of nutrients? Microvilli greatly enlarge the surface area of the small intestine to facilitate efficient nutrient absorption. Lymphatic vessels initially transport most of the products of fat digestion, delivering these nutrients later to the blood stream. Fiber is absorbed into the blood stream and transported to the liver before being delivered throughout the body.
Fiber is absorbed into the blood stream and transported to the liver before being delivered throughout the body.
How is fiber digested?
Fiber moves through the digestive system until it reaches the large intestine. The body does not produce an enzyme that can break down fiber, but living inside our colons are bacteria that can digest fiber. These bacteria break down fiber and as a byproduct gas is created and a small amount of energy is released and absorbed by the body. After the bacteria breaks down the fiber, what bulk remaining is passed through the colon and eliminated.
According to the USDA Food Pattern, what protein foods should be limited in the diet and why?
Foods such as bacon, baked beans, fried meat, eggs, ground beef, hot dogs, and sausages should be limited. They contain higher percentages of solid fats and/or added sugars making them less nutritionally dense. Or in other words they contain more empty calories which are calories low in nutrients and contain little benefits to one's health.
What are the benefits of fiber?
Foods that are high in fiber are good sources of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, and they contribute little or no fat. Fiber specifically provides benefits such as promoting normal blood cholesterol levels, modulating blood glucose concentrations, maintaining healthy bowel function, and promoting a healthy body weight.
For a person needing 2400 calories each day, what is the recommended intake of meat or equivalents? What combination of foods could provide this if the person does not want to eat meat?
For a person who needs 2400 calories a day, 6.5 oz of meat or meat equivalents are recommended each day. Many different combinations of food can make up the 6.5 oz. 1 oz of meat is equivalent to 1 oz of cooked lean meat, poultry, or fish; 1 egg; ¼ c cooked legumes or tofu; 1 tbs peanut butter; or ½ oz nuts or seeds. For example, a person could eat 2 eggs, ¾ c cooked legumes, and 1.5 tbs of peanut butter in a day to make up the recommended 6.5 oz of meat equivalents needed in their diet.
For a person needing 2400 calories each day, what is the recommended intake of fruit and juice?
For a person who needs 2400 calories each day, 2 c of fruit and fruit juices are recommended each day. This could be obtained from one half cup of fresh, frozen, or canned fruit; 1 medium fruit; ¼ c dried fruit; or a half cup fruit juice. No more than one half of the recommended intake should be from juice.
Which foods are most likely to provide fiber and potassium? Grains and dairy Fruits and vegetables Dairy and protein Vegetables and protein
Fruits and vegetables
Which foods are most likely to provide fiber and potassium? Meats and milks Vegetables and meats Fruits and vegetables Grains and milks
Fruits and vegetables
Which is the most-used monosaccharide inside the body? Lactose Fructose Glucose Glucagon
Glucose
What are the essential functions of glucose?
Glucose is used for energy throughout the body, but it is the required energy source for the brain. Glucose is also required for metabolizing (using the energy from) fats.
Which is NOT recommended about carbohydrate intake? Consume 45-65% of your total calories from carbohydrate. Juices should contribute no more than 1/3 of your daily fruit intake. Go on a low carbohydrate diet to help lose weight and keep it off. Eat half your grains as whole grains.
Go on a low carbohydrate diet to help lose weight and keep it off.
In the USDA Food Pattern, one once of meat is equal to all of the following EXCEPT: Half of a cup of cooked legumes Once ounce of fish Half of an ounce of nuts One egg
Half of a cup of cooked legumes
What factors has research shown to cause obesity?
High carbohydrate intake alone, whether from starch, refined sugars, or high fructose corn syrup, does not cause obesity or diabetes. Body fatness, not carbohydrate intake, is most closely related to development of diabetes, and insulin resistance is usually a consequence of being overweight, not a cause.
What factors have been popularly blamed for causing obesity and diabetes, but aren't guilty?
High carbohydrate intake alone, whether from starch, refined sugars, or high fructose corn syrup, does not cause obesity or diabetes. Body fatness, not carbohydrate intake, is most closely related to development of diabetes, and insulin resistance is usually a consequence of being overweight, not a cause.
Which disease is most likely to be influenced by improving the diet? - Cancer - Hypertension - Sickle-cell anemia - Osteoporosis
Hypertension can be reduced when some aspects of the diet are improved. Hypertension, more than cancer, osteoporosis, or sickle cell anemia, is influenced by the diet.
Which statement about diabetes is accurate? If blood sugar is poorly controlled, diabetes can damage major organs and tissues in the body. Diabetes affects a relatively small number of people compared to other chronic diseases. Children do not get type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes can be prevented by controlling sugar intake.
If blood sugar is poorly controlled, diabetes can damage major organs and tissues in the body.
What are the differences or similarities in management for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
In both types of diabetes, the goal is to maintain blood sugar in a normal range, avoiding the extreme high blood sugar levels that occur with diabetes. In type 1 diabetes blood sugar is controlled by injecting insulin (or using a small insulin pump) to match the patient's carbohydrate intake. People with type 1 diabetes may also experience extreme lows in blood sugar, so frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose is essential. In type 2 diabetes, several management approaches are important. One goal is to control body fatness through increased physical activity and a healthful food intake. Certain oral medications can help control blood sugar. (Some people with type 2 diabetes must eventually receive insulin injections.) Carbohydrate intake should be consistent from day to day.
What is the criterion for labeling a food as "healthy"? What is the criterion for being labeled "good source" in a nutrient? For "high in"?
In order for a label claim that a food is "healthy," on the label, it must meet 2 criteria. (1) It must be low in fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, and sodium. (2) It must also contain at least 10% of the Daily Value of these: vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, calcium, protein, or fiber. The food must meet all of the "low" and at least one of the "good in" criteria to be labeled as "healthy." To be labeled as "good" in a nutrient, a serving of the food must have 10-19% of the Daily Value (DV) of the nutrient. To be "high," a serving must have 20% of more of the DV of the nutrient.
Where does starch digestion begin? In the mouth In the stomach In the small intestine In the large intestine
In the mouth
Which is an appropriate treatment for most people with type 2 diabetes? Increase physical activity Avoid eating carbohydrates Take insulin orally
Increase physical activity
In the past several decades, carbohydrate intake in this country has: Decreased while protein intake has increased. Increased along with calorie intake. Increased along with fat intake. Decreased while fat intake has increased
Increased along with calorie intake.
According to research, what CAUSES obesity? (Select all that apply.) Eating foods that contain high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) Having a high proportion of calories coming from carbohydrates Eating foods and drinks containing added sugars Ingesting more calories that are expended
Ingesting more calories that are expended
What does being the first ingredient listed on any food label indicate?
Ingredients are listed in descending order by weight. Thus, the first ingredient listed in the ingredients list will be the main ingredient, or the ingredient that is present in greatest quantity by weight.
How does each of these affect the blood sugar level? Exercise, gastric juice, glucagon, insulin, and mucus.
Insulin lowers blood sugar by helping glucose enter cells where it is used for energy. Insulin prompts muscle and liver cells to store glucose as glycogen and it also prompts fat cell to turn the glucose into fatty acids to be stored as fat. Glucagon raises blood sugar by signaling the breakdown of glycogen. Exercise lowers blood sugar by helping glucose enter cells where it is used for energy. Gastric juice and mucus do not affect blood sugar levels.
Evelyn just ate a chicken sandwich on whole grain bread. Which nutrients did this provide? Iron and fiber Potassium and vitamin K Calcium Vitamin A and C
Iron and fiber
In the video clip "Therapeutic Touch", what did the experiment performed by 11-year-old Emily accomplish? - It proved that therapeutic touch is not a valid treatment and practitioners cannot feel a person's energy force. - It helped support the idea that the therapeutic touch does aid in the recovery process of patients. - It added support to the theory that the effects of therapeutic touch were primarily because of the placebo effect. -It proved that the effects of therapeutic touch were primarily because of the placebo effect. An important thing to remember about science is that experiments do not prove or disprove anything. Experiments help add support to or refute existing theories.
It added support to the theory that the effects of therapeutic touch were primarily because of the placebo effect.
Tom is evaluating the nutrients in an energy drink mix. The label says one serving provides 2500 µg of vitamin B12. Which is an accurate interpretation of this information? It is more than the amount recommended but less than the toxicity level. It is below the amount recommended. It is above the amount recommended and it is unknown whether or not this amount would be toxic. It is above the level that is considered safe.
It is above the amount recommended and it is unknown whether or not this amount would be toxic.
Carlie is a 19 year old student who doesn't have much time to cook. Her meals consist mainly of processed foods which contain a high amount of sodium. She kept track of her sodium intake for a few weeks and found that her average daily intake was 2380 mg of sodium. What is the accurate assessment of her intake? It is below the amount recommended. It is between the amount recommended and the toxicity level. It is above the level that is considered safe.
It is above the level that is considered safe.
Grandma Jenkins is concerned about osteoporosis, so she takes 6 calcium supplements daily, each with 600 mg calcium. What is the accurate assessment of her intake? It is above the level that is considered safe. It is below the amount recommended. It is between the amount recommended and the level that may be toxic.
It is above the level that is considered safe. Grandma Jenkins' recommended intake is 1200 mg of calcium per day. In her supplements alone she is getting 3600 mg of calcium per day, which is well above the amount recommended. In fact, she is also well above the UL for calcium which is 2500 mg/day. Any intake above the UL may be toxic and is unsafe.
Gregory analyzed his typical food intake and learned that his average intake of vitamin C is about 30 mg/day. What is the accurate assessment of his intake? It is close to the recommended amount. It is above the level considered safe. It is below the recommended amount.
It is below the recommended amount.
How does the intake of refined carbohydrates/added sugars relate to body fatness?
It is easy to ingest unneeded calories by consuming foods and drinks sweetened with refined carbohydrates, whether this is from added sugars or high fructose corn syrup. Also, the calorie content of foods made with refined flour is usually higher than the whole grain products they replace.
If a person closely follows the USDA Food Patterns, which of the following is most likely? It's a good idea to take a supplement as "insurance," to make up for whatever nutrients might be missing from the diet. It is not likely that the person needs a supplement. The person should consider taking a protein supplement. The person may need to take a general vitamin supplement.
It is not likely that the person needs a supplement.
Which is accurate in describing glycogen? It is an insoluble fiber. It is the storage form of glucose in plants. It is the storage form of glucose found in human livers and muscle tissue. It is made in the gall bladder when other forms of carbohydrate are unavailable.
It is the storage form of glucose found in human livers and muscle tissue.
What is the function of the gallbladder? It stores waste products prior to digestion. It produces a starch-digesting enzyme that is released when starch is eaten. It stores bile until it is needed for fat digestion. It secretes acid into the stomach to breakdown proteins.
It stores bile until it is needed for fat digestion.
The incomplete breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not available produces Glucose fragments Ketone bodies Glycogen bodies Amino acids
Ketone bodies
What treatment approaches are recommended for lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance affects different people to varying degrees. Some people are fine drinking up to a cup of milk along with a meal because the other foods dilute the lactose and slow its progress through the digestive tract. People with more serious underproduction of lactase can buy milk already treated with lactase as well as over-the-counter enzyme pills or drops. Because milk is often avoided, a calcium deficiency can be a problem with this population, so other high-calcium choices should be added to the diet. Aged cheese contains almost no lactose so it can be a source of calcium, along with orange juice and soy milk that have been fortified with calcium.
Where is bile produced? Gallbladder Large intestine Liver Stomach
Liver
Calorie control
Managing energy intake appropriate for body fat and weight
Which food groups contain vitamin B12?
Meat and poultry, Milk and cheese Foods of animal origin are the only sources of vitamin B12. Plants do not produce or contain this vitamin, so the following foods in the meat group do NOT provide vitamin B12: legumes, tofu, peanut butter, nuts, and seed.
Which of the following groups in the USDA Food Pattern is most likely to provide protein? Vegetables Fruits Milk Grains
Milk
What is glucose? Monosaccharide Hormone Disaccharide Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide
What happens to monosaccharides after they are absorbed? What are the uses for glucose?
Monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream and delivered to the liver. There fructose and galactose are converted to glucose which is delivered to body cells via the blood stream. Some glucose will be used for current energy needs, and some will be stored as glycogen. Glucose fragments can be combined to form fat or they can be used in combination with nitrogen to make some amino acids. (Notice that carbohydrate can be converted to fat, but fat cannot be converted to carbohydrate.)
Define the following terms and give examples of each: monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide.
Monosaccharides are single sugar units. Examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Disachharides are pairs of single sugars linked together. Examples include sucrose (glucose and fructose), maltose (glucose and glucose), and lactose (glucose and galactose). Polysaccharides are chains of multiple single sugar units. Examples include starch, fiber, and glycogen.
Which nutrients are required by law to be added to refined grain products? (Select all that apply.) Niacin Riboflavin Thiamin Folate Magnesium
Niacin Riboflavin Thiamin Folate
What are Daily Values? A guideline to identify potentially harmful levels of a specific nutrient Nutrient standards used on food labels for a general 2000-calorie diet A measurement of the nutrient intakes of healthy people in the US and Canada Nutrient requirements for different genders and stages of life
Nutrient standards used on food labels for a general 2000-calorie diet
What can people safely conclude from the results of any one scientific study?
One study does not prove anything. Confirmation of the results is needed from more studies done by additional researchers before the findings can be accepted
Which health problems are associated with frequent alcohol consumption?
Overall, nutrition is poor for several reasons. First, food intake is often inadequate in people who drink a lot of alcohol. In addition, alcohol interferes with the absorption of some nutrients and hastens excretion of others. As a result, thiamin and folate deficiencies are likely to develop. Other common problems include additional fat being stored in the abdomen, skeletal and cardiovascular muscle weakening, and increases in the risk of developing some kinds of cancer.
Which organ secretes enzymes that break down all three energy-yielding nutrients? Pancreas Large intestine Gallbladder Liver
Pancreas
Which is a key idea of the article, "Under the Influence"? "The tyranny of the moment" refers to the kind of self-control people develop once they learn how external cues affect their eating. People often decide when they are full by visual cues such as the size of the plate or amount left on it, rather than from their actual feelings of fullness. People generally have accurate perceptions about how many calories are in organic foods and other foods that are viewed as healthful. Most people can accurately distinguish between mediocre or excellent foods, regardless of whether the foods are presented casually on paper plates or elegantly on fine china.
People often decide when they are full by visual cues such as the size of the plate or amount left on it, rather than from their actual feelings of fullness.
What kinds of foods are highest in fiber?
Plants are the sources of all dietary fiber. Meat does not contain fiber, although some meat alternates such as legumes are sources. Legumes and bran (found in whole grains) are particularly good sources of fiber. Some of the best sources of fiber include legumes, whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. Fruit juice, however, is not a source of fiber.
Which of the following vegetables has a LOW nutrient density? Lentils Mustard greens Green peas Potato salad
Potato salad
The physician told your elderly friend Mrs. S. that she has high blood pressure and she needs to make some lifestyle changes. Mrs. S. observed, "That's not important to me. I don't think I need to make any changes. I'm fine the way I am." Based on this information, what is Mrs. S.'s stage of change? Action Contemplation Maintenance Preparation Precontemplation
Precontemplation
What is the role of the liver in digestion? Produce bile that is stored in the gallbladder Churn and mash food Release bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid that enters the small intestine Reabsorb water
Produce bile that is stored in the gallbladder
Where are protein-digesting enzymes produced?
Protein digesting enzymes are produced in the stomach, the pancreas, and the small intestine.
Which of the following nutrients yields energy but also provides materials that form structures and working parts of the body? Fats Proteins Vitamins Carbohydrates
Proteins
Variety
Providing a wide selection of foods
Adequacy
Providing all the essential nutrients
Moderation
Providing dietary constituents within set limits, not to excess
Balance
Providing different types of foods so that foods rich in one constituent do not crowd out foods that are rich in other nutrients
Emily doesn't enjoy eating vegetables. She is worried she isn't getting adequate vitamins and minerals because of this. Which DRI should she pay close attention to? EAR AMDR RDA UL
RDA
What is the recommended folate intake for a 22 year old pregnant female? RDA of 400 µg AI of 400 mg RDA of 600 µg RDA of 600 mg AI of 600 µg
RDA of 600 µg
What is the role of the large intestine? Mash and churn food until it becomes bile Break down carbohydrates and fats Absorb nutrients through the villi Reabsorb water
Reabsorb water
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of consuming a fiber rich diet? Reduces risk of diabetes Reduces risk of bowel disease Reduces risk of heart disease Reduces risk of celiac disease
Reduces risk of celiac disease
Why would a Registered Dietitian be the most qualified person to give nutritional advice?
Registered Dietitians have completed extensive coursework and an internship from accredited programs, and they passed a comprehensive examination. They must maintain their competency through continuing education requirements. This training is far more extensive than that received by other health care professionals.
What is the best way of determining nutrition principles? Calculating correlations in observational studies Obtaining results from a study of a large number of people Repeating nutrition studies, with variations, over time Understanding the results of a carefully time conducted experiment
Repeating nutrition studies, with variations, over time
Which of the following produces the most accurate nutritional information? Replicated experiments Anecdotal evidence Unpublished studies Experiments on animals
Replicated experiments
Which of the following cases would be considered lactose intolerance? Kevin doesn't like milk or any milk products and refuses to consume them. Brandon has an immune response to the protein in milk whenever he has milk products. Candace, a 2 month old baby, spits up after drinking breast milk. Sarah doesn't produce the enzyme lactase and thus can't digest lactose.
Sarah doesn't produce the enzyme lactase and thus can't digest lactose.
Where does the majority of digestion and absorption occur? Mouth Stomach Small intestine Gall bladder
Small intestine
Which is accurate about the health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption? It lowers all-cause mortality, starting in young adulthood. Red wine intake is more effective than grape juice in promoting health. Some studies show a reduced risk of death from heart disease in older, high-risk individuals. It reduces blood pressure and risk of stroke in the elderly.
Some studies show a reduced risk of death from heart disease in older, high-risk individuals.
Which of the following is part of the legume subgroup of vegetables? Green peas Green beans Split peas Beet greens
Split peas Legumes are defined as dried beans, dried peas, and lentils. Thus the only answer in this group that would be classified as a legume is split peas. Legumes are unusual as they can be classified either as a vegetable (½ cup of legumes equals ½ cup of vegetables) or as a meat alternate (¼ c of legumes equals 1 ounce of meat). When evaluating a specific food intake, legumes are counted only in one category, not both.
Describe the process of starch digestion and absorption: Where are enzymes produced (consider the mouth, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine)? What are the starch digestion products in each place?
Starch digestion begins in the mouth, where an enzyme in saliva starts to digest starch, breaking the starch into smaller polysaccharides. Carbohydrate digestion stops in the acidic stomach environment. In the small intestine enzymes supplied by the pancreas digest the starch to disaccharides. Then enzymes on the surface of the intestine cells (i.e. on the villi) break down the disaccharides to monosaccharides which are absorbed.
Which organ is responsible for turning food into chyme? Stomach Pancreas Mouth Small intestine
Stomach
What is formed when fructose and glucose are bonded together? Fruit sugar Milk sugar Sucrose Malt sugar
Sucrose
The dissacharides include: Sucrose, maltose, and lactose Maltose, fructose, and galactose Sucrose, galactose, and maltose Lactose, glucose, and fructose
Sucrose, maltose, and lactose
What are major food sources of sucrose? Of starch?
Sucrose, or table sugar, is refined from the juice of sugar cane or sugar beets. Sucrose is an ingredient in many cookies, snack foods, and desserts. Review "Disaccharides." Starch is found in the edible seeds of corn, wheat (milled into flour), other grains, and in starchy vegetables.
How do fruits differ from concentrated sweets? Sugars in fruits are less nutrient dense. Sugars in fruits are packaged with fiber and diluted with water. Sugars in fruits contain fructose and concentrated sweets do not.
Sugars in fruits are packaged with fiber and diluted with water.
What are the 3 simple sugars important in nutrition? What are the 3 disaccharides, their component monosaccharides, and their common names (if they have one)?
The 3 simple sugars are glucose (sometimes called dextrose), fructose (fruit sugar), and galactose. The 3 disaccharides are sucrose (also called table sugar, made up glucose and fructose), lactose (milk sugar, made up of glucose and galactose), and maltose (made up of 2 glucose molecules).
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, and what are its specific values?
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) is a set of healthy ranges of intake for carbohydrate, fat, and protein set by the DRI committee. Recommendations for calories from each of the energy yielding nutrients are expressed as a percentage of the day's total calorie intake. The recommendation is 45 to 65 percent of total calories from carbohydrate, 20 to 35 percent from fat, and 10 to 35 percent from protein.
What is the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)?
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) uses science-based advice to promote health and reduce risk for major chronic diseases through diet and physical activity. Following the guidelines will help people enjoy optimum health. The guidelines encourage people to choose a healthy diet as well as limit potentially harmful dietary constituents. The Dietary Guidelines also encourage physical activity.
What are the Dietary Reference Intakes?
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) is a set of values for all of the vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fiber, lipids, protein, water, and energy. They are recommendations set by a committee of nutrition science experts which indicate adequate and safe intakes of essential nutrients. Values set by the DRI include the RDA, AI, EAR, UL, and AMDR.
According to the article "The Meaning of Food in Our Lives," which of these statements about French and American diets is TRUE? - Freshness and taste are more important food characteristics to Americans than is shelf life, which is more important to the French. - The French focus on the quantity of food, while Americans focus more on the quality of food. - The French focus on the experience of eating, while Americans focus more on the consequences of eating. - French diets are lower in fat than American diets.
The French focus on the experience of eating, while Americans focus more on the consequences of eating.
How much is too much vitamin C, for an adult?
The UL for vitamin C is 2000 mg/day for an adult. The UL is the highest average daily intake level that is likely to pose no risk for toxicity. Adults should not consume more than the UL level.
In the video clip "Therapeutic Touch", in the study done with cancer cells, what was the control group? - The cells receiving treatment from Emily - The cells receiving treatment from medical students - The cells receiving treatment from trained therapeutic touch practitioners - The cells receiving treatment from researchers
The cells receiving treatment from medical students The control group is the group that receives the sham treatment. The experimental group is the group that receives the treatment under investigation.
What parts of a grain kernel are present in whole-grain flour? What parts are present in refined flour?
The endosperm, germ, and bran are all included in whole-grain flour. Refined flour uses only the endosperm.
Which is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)? For meeting nutrient needs, supplements are as useful as foods. Recommendations about physical activity are outside the focus of the DGA. The guidelines are designed to reduce disease risk. The DGA lists specific foods that should be eliminated from the diet.
The guidelines are designed to reduce disease risk.
How does indigestible, unabsorbed fiber reduce cholesterol in the blood?
The main mechanism seems to be that some fibers in foods combine with cholesterol-containing bile in the intestine, which is excreted in the feces. The liver then withdraws cholesterol from blood to make bile used in fat digestion.
Which is characteristic of type 1 diabetes? The pancreas no longer produces insulin. The person produces higher-than-normal amounts of insulin. The body's cells resist the action of insulin so glucose can't enter the cells. The person is usually overweight.
The pancreas no longer produces insulin.
When determining the amounts of food to eat from each group in the USDA food Pattern each day, you need to remember that: Foods from each food group must be consumed at each meal. The recommended amounts will vary, depending on age, physical activity, and gender. Only nutrient dense items contribute to each food group. On days you exercise you should consume much more protein to sustain muscle growth.
The recommended amounts will vary, depending on age, physical activity, and gender.
What are the stages people usually pass through, to successfully change their behavior?
The stages are Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Adoption.
How many calories are in a gram of carbohydrate? A gram of protein? A gram of fat? A gram of alcohol?
There are 4 calories per gram of carbohydrate, 4 calories per gram of protein, 9 calories per gram of fat, and 7 calories per gram of alcohol.
What are the roles of vitamins and minerals?
These nutrients regulate many body functions such as digestion, muscular movement, growth, healing wounds, and releasing the energy from carbohydrate, fat, and protein, to name a few. In short, they are essential for maintaining life
Which is accurate about complex carbohydrates? They have at least 6 carbon atoms. They are known as the monosaccharides and disaccharides. They include both single sugar units and linked pairs of sugar units. They are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber.
They are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber.
How similar are high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and sucrose?
They have similar percent compositions of glucose and fructose and similar effects on blood sugar. HFCS has some advantages in food processing, which is why it is so widely used.
What nutrients are added to refined flour when it is enriched?
Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate (all B-vitamins) and iron (a mineral) are added to refined flour.
What is an epidemiological study?
This is a study of large numbers of people which looks for correlations between dietary factors and chronic disease. The findings are often used as a basis for further studies.
Which is the most appropriate use of information on Daily Values? To compare nutrients in several versions of specific foods To know how much of each nutrient someone needs each day To determine the dollar cost for calories in specific foods To evaluate someone's food intake and see if it meets nutrient recommendations
To compare nutrients in several versions of specific foods
What are the differences or similarities in causes for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas stops producing insulin, often as a result of an autoimmune attack on the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body's cells become resistant to insulin. This resistance occurs most often in people who are sedentary and overweight, but especially if the fat is accumulated around the waist. Genetics plays a role in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Ingredients on a food label are listed by: Volume Weight Bulk Density
Weight
Which of the following helps PREVENT type 2 diabetes? Limiting caffeine intake Minimizing sugar intake Restricting protein intake Weight control, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle
Weight control, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle
What is the difference between breads labeled as wheat, whole-grain (or multi-grain), and 100% whole-wheat (or 100% whole grain)?
Wheat simply means the flour has been made from wheat kernels, but most often this term is used with refined wheat flour. Whole-grain and multi-grain bread means that some of these flours have been used in making the bread. Only when the label indicates 100% whole wheat (or grain) does the consumer know that all of the flour used is whole grain.
In nutrition, what does the term essential mean?
When a certain nutrient is essential, it means that the body cannot make it for itself (or cannot make fast enough) from other raw materials. They are nutrients that must be obtained from food to prevent deficiencies.
What happens when dietary carbohydrate intake is very low? What are ketones, and what is their role in the body?
When dietary carbohydrate intake is very low, the body reverts to its back-up plan: If glucose is not available for metabolizing fat, fat fragments combine and form ketones. The brain can use ketones as a fuel source, but there is a serious disadvantage to this back-up plan: a high level of ketones in the blood ("ketosis") changes the acid-base balance in the body, which alters many body processes.
What nutrients are higher in whole grain flour than in enriched flour?
Whole grain flours are higher in magnesium, zinc, vitamin B6, vitamin E, chromium, and fiber.
Which, if any, bread is most nutritious overall? Wheat bread and whole grain bread are equally nutritious. Wheat bread Whole-grain bread White bread
Whole-grain bread
Jackie has decided she needs more fiber. Which of the following should she increase in her diet? apples grape juice cheese meat
apples The vegetables, fruit and grain groups supply fiber, but there are some notable exceptions. Fruit juice is usually not a source of fiber, and legumes in the meat group do supply fiber.
sophia's parents are obese. which is the most likely cause of their obesity? Consuming more calories than are expended Consuming high fructose corn syrup Consuming refined sugars Consuming too much carbohydrate Insulin resistance Consuming high fructose corn syrup and consuming refined sugars
consuming more calories than are expended
which option would best increase the proportion of whole grains in her diet? - Eat baked beans more often. - Eat brown rice more often. - Whole wheat, oatmeal, and brown rice are the most common whole grains in the American food pattern. - Eat more servings of the wheat bread she already buys. - Make sure that the wheat bread she buys is enriched.
eat brown rice more often
Which of these foods is considered a nutrient-dense food? Eggs Brown sugar Coleslaw Hot dogs
eggs
which 2 food guide groups are the most likely to supply iron? Fruits Vegetables Grains Protein Foods Dairy
grains protein foods
how appropriate is the calcium-vitamin D supplement for Sophia? - It probably provides too little to be a benefit. - It is likely to be adequate but not excessive. - It would be excessive.
it would be excessive 650 x 4 = 2600 mg calcium 50 x 4 = 200 ug vit D. her intake exceeds the UL for both calcium and it d
given sophia's experience with milk drinking, how accurate is her self-diagnosis of milk allergy?
likely to be inaccurate - Milk allergy tends to occur in infancy. Symptoms she has experienced are consistent with lactose intolerance. (The fact that she can eat cheese indicates she is not allergic to the protein in milk.)
what is the benefit to someone who meets the food guide recommendations on most days?
meet nutrient needs without excessive calories. increases chances of avoiding chronic diseases and their high health care costs, having more energy, and living longer in a healthy conditions
sophia is mildly curious about the whole process of digestion. which is (are) accurate about where chemical digestion occurs? Carbs: mouth, pancreas, and small intestine Protein: stomach and small intestine Protein: mouth, stomach, and small intestine Fat: stomach and large intestine
protein: stomach and small intestine
which, if any, of sophia's protein foods are in the limit category?
sausage hot dog
in the cheese sauce, whey is the main ingredient by which measure?
weight
In the USDA food guide, some foods are categorized as foods that should be eaten most often and limited. what is the basis for this recommendation?
whether they are higher or lower in nutrient density