Nutrition Exam #1

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A food frequency questionnaire reveals that an individual has very low energy intake. What other information would be needed before a diagnosis of malnutrition could be made?

All of these analyses would be required.

________ are protein molecules that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions.

Enzyme

Which structure prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea?

Epiglottis

Which of the following accessory organs releases its secretions into the GI tract?

Gallbladder Pancreas Salivary glands

How would donuts be categorized in the MyPlate food plan?

Grains & empty calories

Which is TRUE regarding Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)?

It is not a recommended level for consumption

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Kidney

Which organ filters metabolic waste products out of the blood?

Kidneys

A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as

Nutrient density

homeostasis

Physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant.

A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is:

Phytochemical

Which is NOT a goal of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?

Prescribing what a person should eat each day

Which of the following is Not true about nutritional studies using animals?

Results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans

The recommendation to eat everything in "moderation" refers to

Selecting the appropriate proportion size

The most common cause of ulcers is:

a bacterial infection.

To manage weight and prevent unhealthy weight gain, the MyPlate guide recommends:

a minimum of 150 minutes of activities weekly

The stomach wall is protected from the acidity of the gastric juice by:

a viscous mucus layer.

The _____________ regulates the movement of molecules in and out of cells.

cell membrane

One important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods. In this context, "variety" refers to:

choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups

Inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa reduces the ability of the intestine to absorb water or nutrients causing:

diarrhea.

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels are most likely to be exceeded when:

dietary supplements are taken.

A healthy eating pattern emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT:

eating 3 servings of foods containing refined grains per day.

Consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet. One effective strategy is

eating foods that have been minimally processed, consuming foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided, limiting added fats and sugars.

Under-nutrition does not include

eating too much saturated fat.

Chyme is neutralized in the small intestine by secretions from the:

pancreas

Coordinated muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract are called:

peristalsis.

Nutrigenomics

the discipline which explores the relationship between genetic variation and nutrition.

Stomach emptying is affected by all of the following EXCEPT :

the time of day the meal is consumed

The end-products of carbohydrate catabolism includes all of the following EXCEPT :

urea

Daily Values are based on a ___________ kcalorie diet.

2000

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of what percentage of a healthy population group?

97-98%

. epidemiological study

Approximately 1000 college students were asked to keep a record of what supplemental vitamins they took and how many colds they had over the course of a year. The amount of vitamin C consumed was compared with the students' incidences of colds. This is an example of a(an):

How is the order in which ingredients are listed on a food label determined?

By contribution to the total weight.

Which of the following meals is likely to stay in the stomach the longest?

Cheeseburger, small French fries, small soft drink, ice cream

Which of the following structures is located past (beyond) the ileocecal valve?

Colon

Which of the following digestive organs is lined with fingerlike projections called villi?

Small intestine

Which is the FALSE statement regarding RDAs?

The EARs are derived from the RDAs.

Which statement about dietary supplements is true?

The label must include all the ingredients in the dietary supplement.

Which of the following statements about the assessment of food intake is FALSE?

The most common error made in reporting food intake is to overestimate portion sizes.

Which of the following is most likely to inhibit gastric secretion and motility?

The passage of chyme into the small intestine

The most important roles of the digestive system include digestion and:

absorption.

An adverse or toxic reaction is most likely to occur if

an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements.

Metabolic reactions that build molecules and body structures are referred to as:

anabolic

A processed food

any food that has been changed from its natural state

Which of the following sequences is organized from the simplest to the most complex arrangement?

atoms : molecules : tissues : organs

Comparison of the amount of a particular nutrient consumed with the amount of the nutrient excreted is characteristic of a(an):

balance study

Pancreas secretions contain digestive enzymes and:

bicarbonate ions

Which is typically not found on a Nutrition Facts label

calories per serving as compared to comparable products

The chemical breakdown of glucose to produce energy is an example of:

catabolism

Which is NOT included in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

exercise three times a week.

Which nutrient(s) are absorbed into the lymphatic system before entering the blood?

fat

A diseased gallbladder can interfere with:

fat digestion

The descriptor, Healthy, can legally be used on a food product when the product contains adequate levels of at least one selected nutrient and is low in:

fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol.

Empty calories are:

from added sugars and/or solid fats.

Analysis of blood can be used to determine:

glucose and cholesterol levels.

On the MyPlate guide, oils are:

included and recommendations are given in teaspoons

One group of individuals is asked to eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables and dairy foods while a second group of individuals is asked to eat a diet with lower amounts of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods. The two groups' blood pressure readings are monitored and compared. This is an example of a(an):

intervention study.

When the gastroesophageal sphincter contracts, food:

is prevented from reentering the esophagus from the stomach

The energy provided by foods is measured in

kilocalories

After water soluble nutrients are absorbed in the intestine, they are carried to the __________ via the ___________.

liver; hepatic portal vein

The purpose of the AMDRs is to:

make recommendations for the proportions of fats, carbohydrates and proteins that make up a healthy diet

The recommendation of moderation in healthy diets:

means limiting portion sizes and choosing nutrient-dense foods.

The sum of the chemical reactions that occur inside body cells is collectively referred to as:

metabolism

The absorptive surface of the small intestine is increased by the presence of:

microvilli

Transit time is the rate at which food:

moves through the digestive tract.

The primary function of the large intestine is to:

prepare and store unabsorbed food residue for excretion

The hormone gastrin is released in response to:

presence of food in the stomach

Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods.

provide more kcalories, contain fewer nutrients, be higher in fat, sugar, or salt

The sphincter that regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is the __________ sphincter.

pyloric

The primary site of nutrient absorption is the:

small intestine.

The formation of chyme occurs in which part of the GI tract?

stomach


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