Nutrition Exam #1
A food frequency questionnaire reveals that an individual has very low energy intake. What other information would be needed before a diagnosis of malnutrition could be made?
All of these analyses would be required.
________ are protein molecules that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions.
Enzyme
Which structure prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea?
Epiglottis
Which of the following accessory organs releases its secretions into the GI tract?
Gallbladder Pancreas Salivary glands
How would donuts be categorized in the MyPlate food plan?
Grains & empty calories
Which is TRUE regarding Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)?
It is not a recommended level for consumption
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system?
Kidney
Which organ filters metabolic waste products out of the blood?
Kidneys
A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as
Nutrient density
homeostasis
Physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant.
A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is:
Phytochemical
Which is NOT a goal of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?
Prescribing what a person should eat each day
Which of the following is Not true about nutritional studies using animals?
Results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans
The recommendation to eat everything in "moderation" refers to
Selecting the appropriate proportion size
The most common cause of ulcers is:
a bacterial infection.
To manage weight and prevent unhealthy weight gain, the MyPlate guide recommends:
a minimum of 150 minutes of activities weekly
The stomach wall is protected from the acidity of the gastric juice by:
a viscous mucus layer.
The _____________ regulates the movement of molecules in and out of cells.
cell membrane
One important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods. In this context, "variety" refers to:
choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups
Inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa reduces the ability of the intestine to absorb water or nutrients causing:
diarrhea.
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels are most likely to be exceeded when:
dietary supplements are taken.
A healthy eating pattern emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT:
eating 3 servings of foods containing refined grains per day.
Consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet. One effective strategy is
eating foods that have been minimally processed, consuming foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided, limiting added fats and sugars.
Under-nutrition does not include
eating too much saturated fat.
Chyme is neutralized in the small intestine by secretions from the:
pancreas
Coordinated muscular contractions that move food through the GI tract are called:
peristalsis.
Nutrigenomics
the discipline which explores the relationship between genetic variation and nutrition.
Stomach emptying is affected by all of the following EXCEPT :
the time of day the meal is consumed
The end-products of carbohydrate catabolism includes all of the following EXCEPT :
urea
Daily Values are based on a ___________ kcalorie diet.
2000
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of what percentage of a healthy population group?
97-98%
. epidemiological study
Approximately 1000 college students were asked to keep a record of what supplemental vitamins they took and how many colds they had over the course of a year. The amount of vitamin C consumed was compared with the students' incidences of colds. This is an example of a(an):
How is the order in which ingredients are listed on a food label determined?
By contribution to the total weight.
Which of the following meals is likely to stay in the stomach the longest?
Cheeseburger, small French fries, small soft drink, ice cream
Which of the following structures is located past (beyond) the ileocecal valve?
Colon
Which of the following digestive organs is lined with fingerlike projections called villi?
Small intestine
Which is the FALSE statement regarding RDAs?
The EARs are derived from the RDAs.
Which statement about dietary supplements is true?
The label must include all the ingredients in the dietary supplement.
Which of the following statements about the assessment of food intake is FALSE?
The most common error made in reporting food intake is to overestimate portion sizes.
Which of the following is most likely to inhibit gastric secretion and motility?
The passage of chyme into the small intestine
The most important roles of the digestive system include digestion and:
absorption.
An adverse or toxic reaction is most likely to occur if
an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements.
Metabolic reactions that build molecules and body structures are referred to as:
anabolic
A processed food
any food that has been changed from its natural state
Which of the following sequences is organized from the simplest to the most complex arrangement?
atoms : molecules : tissues : organs
Comparison of the amount of a particular nutrient consumed with the amount of the nutrient excreted is characteristic of a(an):
balance study
Pancreas secretions contain digestive enzymes and:
bicarbonate ions
Which is typically not found on a Nutrition Facts label
calories per serving as compared to comparable products
The chemical breakdown of glucose to produce energy is an example of:
catabolism
Which is NOT included in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
exercise three times a week.
Which nutrient(s) are absorbed into the lymphatic system before entering the blood?
fat
A diseased gallbladder can interfere with:
fat digestion
The descriptor, Healthy, can legally be used on a food product when the product contains adequate levels of at least one selected nutrient and is low in:
fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol.
Empty calories are:
from added sugars and/or solid fats.
Analysis of blood can be used to determine:
glucose and cholesterol levels.
On the MyPlate guide, oils are:
included and recommendations are given in teaspoons
One group of individuals is asked to eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables and dairy foods while a second group of individuals is asked to eat a diet with lower amounts of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods. The two groups' blood pressure readings are monitored and compared. This is an example of a(an):
intervention study.
When the gastroesophageal sphincter contracts, food:
is prevented from reentering the esophagus from the stomach
The energy provided by foods is measured in
kilocalories
After water soluble nutrients are absorbed in the intestine, they are carried to the __________ via the ___________.
liver; hepatic portal vein
The purpose of the AMDRs is to:
make recommendations for the proportions of fats, carbohydrates and proteins that make up a healthy diet
The recommendation of moderation in healthy diets:
means limiting portion sizes and choosing nutrient-dense foods.
The sum of the chemical reactions that occur inside body cells is collectively referred to as:
metabolism
The absorptive surface of the small intestine is increased by the presence of:
microvilli
Transit time is the rate at which food:
moves through the digestive tract.
The primary function of the large intestine is to:
prepare and store unabsorbed food residue for excretion
The hormone gastrin is released in response to:
presence of food in the stomach
Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods.
provide more kcalories, contain fewer nutrients, be higher in fat, sugar, or salt
The sphincter that regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is the __________ sphincter.
pyloric
The primary site of nutrient absorption is the:
small intestine.
The formation of chyme occurs in which part of the GI tract?
stomach