Nutrition - Exam 1

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas. Based on this information, she

has difficulty digesting food.

The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the

highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily

A serving of food contains 20 g carbohydrate, 6 g protein, 10 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 3 ounces of water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies

194 kcal

Which of the following statements is true? A. Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils. B. Because margarine is a substitute for butter, it is classified as a dairy food. C. Most food guides classify milk in the protein foods group. D. Most food guides include cream as a member of the dairy foods group.

A. Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils.

Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals? A. fresh blueberries B. raw egg whites C. fat-free milk D. lean meat

A. Fresh Blueberries

Which of the following statements is true? A. Most foods contain more than one nutrient. B. Strawberries are an energy-dense food. C. Milk, bananas, and soybeans are among the few nutritionally perfect foods for humans. D. Nutrition experts classify sugary foods as "junk" foods.

A. Most foods contain more than one nutrient

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans? A.alcohol B. fat C. caffeine D. vitamin D

B. fat

Which of following nutrients is a source of energy? A. cholesterol B. protein C. vitamin D D. iron

B. protein

An essential nutrient A. performs a vital function in your body B. is only in foods from animal sources C. must be supplied by your diet D. is made by your body

C. must be supplied by your diet

When following recipes, Candice wants to use fats that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use? A. unsalted butter B. shortening C. safflower oil D. lard

C. safflower oil

Which of the following statements is true? A. If you do not consume 100% of the RDA for vitamin C each day, you have a high risk of developing the vitamin's deficiency disease. B. Dietitians use MyPyramid as the standard for assessing a population's nutrient adequacy. C. Dietitians use Daily Values to determine the nutritional adequacy of Americans' diets. D. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons.

D. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons.

Which of the following microbes is associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers?

H. pylori

Before she shops for groceries, Terry plans several nutritionally adequate daily menus for her family. Which of the following guides is the best menu-planning tool for her to use?

MyPlate

Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate? A. dairy B. grains C. oils D. protein foods

Oils

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.R

RDA

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who need to boost their nutrient intakes. Which of the following is a dietary standard that he is likely to use to develop the new formula?

RDAs

Antonio has severe heartburn. To reduce his risk of having frequent heartburn and developing esophageal cancer, his physician recommended that he

avoid drinking coffee, smoking cigarettes, and overeating during meals.

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism?

bone cells using protein, calcium, and phosphorus to repair a bone fracture

A primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients

Jeremy would like to know the amount of vitamin C that is recommended for his life stage/gender group. He can obtain this information by

checking RDA table for vitamin C.

The stomach

churns food, mixing it with gastric juice.

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is

circulation of blood throughout the body.

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

colon

After attending a summertime picnic, 24-year-old Samantha developed severe diarrhea. Which of the following treatments should she use to treat her condition?

consume watery fluids that contain sodium, potassium, and simple sugars

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as

empty calories

Glands that secrete hormones are organs of the _____ system.

endocrine

The _____ is an accessory organ that stores bile.

gallbladder

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

hydrochloric acid

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

Chewing food is an example of

mechanical digestion

The process of digesting food begins in the

mouth

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

peristalsis

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the _____ group.

protein foods

A team of scientists determines that 50% of healthy women who are between 19 and 30 years of age need 40 mg of a vitamin to prevent developing the vitamin's deficiency disorder. Based on this information, the

scientists can determine the RDA for the vitamin.

Robin reads Nutrition Facts panels on packaged foods to choose nutrient-dense products. By reading the panels, she is able to determine the amount of _____ in a serving of a food.

sodium

One day, Hillary ate snacks that included peanut butter on crackers, a bowl of chocolate pudding, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and a hard-cooked egg. According to MyPlate, which of these foods is a major source of empty calories in Americans' diets?

soft drink

Salivary glands secrete an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

starch

A nutrient requirement is

the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a particular level of nutritional health

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the _____ system.

urinary

Diet refers to a person's

usual pattern of food choices

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

Sophia is concerned about her health, because her father died from colorectal cancer when he was only 50 years of age. In addition to discussing her medical history and concerns with her physician and being tested for colorectal cancer, Sophia should see her doctor if she notices

weight loss without trying to lose weight.

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for awhile. Based on this information, she is likely to refer to _____ when developing the new formula.

DRIs

Which of the following standards can help you compare nutrient contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices?

DVs

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should

not worry, because she is not constipated.

According to MyPlate, Chloe should consume 2½ cups of vegetables daily. She wants to substitute enough vegetable juice to equal 1 cup of raw vegetables. Based on this information, Chloe should drink ____ of the juice.

1 cup

Which of the following statements is true? A. Nutritional standards are often used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets. B. Most Americans should consume 150% of the RDA or AI for each nutrient. C. A nutrient requirement is the maximum amount that results in optimal nutritional status. D. Scientists used the Daily Values to develop the RDAs.

A. Nutritional standards are often used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets.

Which of the following nutrients provides energy for humans? A. carbohydrates B. vitamin A C. iron D. calcium

A. carbohydrates

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't provide any energy for the human body? A. water B. protein C. carbohydrate D. alcohol

A. water

Which of the following foods is energy dense? A. fresh strawberries B. potato chips C. orange juice D. leaf lettuce

B. potato chips

Which of the following statements is true? A. Dietitians generally classify foods as either "good" or "junk." B. High doses of vitamins and minerals help prevent many serious chronic diseases. C. A diet that has variety contains many different kinds of nutritious foods. D. Walnuts are an empty-calorie food.

C. A diet that has variety contains many different kinds of nutritious foods.

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemical? A. margarine B. tuna C. grapes D. hamburger

C. grapes

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? A. cheese nachos B. oatmeal cookie C. whole-grain cereal D. soft margarine

C. whole-grain cereal

Which of the following conditions is a leading cause of death in the United States that's related to dietary practices?

Cancer

According to numerous scientific studies, low levels of physical activity are associated with increased chances of developing excess body fat and type 2 diabetes. Based on this information, lack of physical activity is a A. risk factor. B. deficiency condition. C. critical determinant. D. cause of death.

A. risk factor

Which of the following menu items is referred to as an "empty-calorie" food? A. sugar-sweetened soft drinks B. 100% fruit juices C. fat-free dairy products D. whole-grain breads

A. sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Which of the following statements is true? A. Daily Values are nutrient recommendations that are based on the EERs for adults. B. Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes. C. If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional deficiency disorders. D. Daily Values have been established for each nutrient.

B. Daily values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.

Which of the following statements is true? A. The Daily Value for sugars is 100 g/day. B. No Daily Value has been established for trans fat. C. If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional deficiency disorders. D. You should aim to consume at least 100% of the Daily Values for cholesterol, sodium, and fiber.

B. No Daily Value has been established for trans fat.

Which of the following statements is true? A. To achieve optimal health, you should individualize your diet to match your blood type, eye color, and other physical characteristics. B. Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy. C. Regardless of their ages and physical conditions, people don't need to take dietary supplements that include vitamins and minerals. D. By taking dietary supplements that provide nutrients and phytochemicals, people can maintain good health without eating foods.

B. Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy.

Which of the following statements is true? A. Nutrition scientists have established RDAs for all essential nutrients. B. People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement. C. People who consume 95% of the RDA for iron regularly have a high risk of developing an iron deficiency. D. People who consume less than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient have a high risk of developing the nutrient's toxicity disorder.

B. People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.

Tamika's 52-year-old father died as a result of a condition that is the leading cause of death in the United States. Based on this information, Tamika's father died from A. type 1 diabetes B. heart disease C. lung cancer D. kidney failure

B. heart disease

Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient? A.fat B. iron C. water D. protein

B. iron

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and

taking antidepressant medication.

According to MyPlate, Erika should consume 3 cups of milk daily. She prefers eating plain yogurt to drinking milk. How much plain yogurt can she eat to meet her plan's recommendation for milk and milk products?

3 cups

Carbohydrates provide __ calories per gram.

4

Protein provides __________ calories per gram.

4

Alcohol is not considered a macronutrient but does provide _______ calories per gram.

7

Which of the following statements is true? A. If you do not consume 100% of the RDA for vitamin C each day, you have a high risk of developing the vitamin's deficiency disease. B. Dietitians use MyPlate as the standard for assessing a population's nutrient adequacy. C. Dietitians use Daily Values to determine the nutritional adequacy of Americans' diets. D. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons.

D. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons.

While baking, Max wants to use an ingredient that contains healthy fat in a recipe. Which of the following fats should he use? A. shortening B. lard C. unsalted butter D. corn oil

D. corn oil

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? A. olive oil B. French fries C. grape drink D. fat-free milk

D. fat-free milk

Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of most preventable cancer deaths in the United States? A. eating fatty food B. consuming alcohol C. exercising infrequently D. smoking cigarettes

D. smoking cigarettes

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body? A. carbohydrate B. fat C. alcohol D. vitamin C

D. vitamin C