Nutrition Exam 4
The FDA deems additives safe if lifetime use presents no more than a 1 in ______ risk of cancer to human beings.
1,000,000
The CDC recommends that older adults engage in strength training at least two (non consecutive) days a week, at a moderate to high intensity, for how many repetitions per exercise?
10 to 12
A healthy adult requires less than 40 kcal per kilogram of body weight. A healthy infant requires about how many kcalories per kilogram of body weight?
100
The DRI recommends how many milligrams of calcium for women over 50 and older and men over 70?
1200
The verifiably oldest person died in 1997 at the age of ________.
122 years
The maximum potential human life span is currently about how many years?
130
In general, how long does the adolescent growth spurt last?
2.5 years
A healthy infant that weighs 7 pounds at birth likely will weigh how many pounds by their first birthday?
21
At what age might a child be expected to spear food with a fork?
3 years
Approximately how many people in the United States die from foodborne illnesses each year?
3000
What was the average life expectancy in the United States in 1900?
47 years
Worldwide, COVID-19 led to extreme poverty for ______ people.
50 million
People who travel to other countries have a _______ chance of contracting traveler's diarrhea.
50 percent
Approximately what percentage of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients are children?
50%
What percentage of people in the United States has a cataract by age 75?
50%
What is the average life expectancy in the United States today?
79 years
Worldwide, more than _______ people experience persistent hunger.
800 million
What is a desirable blood level for triglycerides?
<150 mg/dL
What is colostrum?
A milk-like substance secreted right after delivery
The Delaney Clause amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that states that _______.
Absolutely no cancer-causing substances shall be added to foods
A farmer who works with nature to limit environmental harm is engaging in the practice of _______.
Agroecology
_______ is a type of artery disease characterized by plaques on the inner walls of the arteries.
Atherosclerosis
Improvements in nutrient composition, such as when soybeans are genetically modified to upgrade its protein to a quality approaching that of milk, is a strategy known as ______.
Biofortification
In Sardinia, Italy, and Nicoya, Coasta Rica, people live long, healthy, and active lives well past 100 years. These places collectively are called _______.
Blue Zones
The name of the protein released during the acute phase of infection or inflammation that enhances immunity, among other things, and whose presence may be used to assess a person's risk for an impending heart attack or stroke is ________.
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Which term refers the clouding of the eye lenses that impairs vision and can lead to blindness?
Cataracts
The most dramatic increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes over the past two decades has occurred in ________.
Children and adolescents
Consumers depend on the FDA and which other agency to keep pesticide use within safe limits?
EPA
Which of the following defines nursing bottle tooth decay?
Extensive tooth decay infant due to prolonged exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle.
What organ is affected by macular degeneration, a common condition for older people?
Eyes
Which of the following terms refers to a period of extreme food shortage resulting in widespread starvation and death?
Famine
The energy-yielding nutrient that makes up 55 percent of breast milk is _______.
Fat
Which of the following dietary components may protect against cancer?
Fiber
A child who develops antibodies to a certain food is said to have a _______.
Food allergy
Which of the following foods likely contains acrylamide?
French fries
Which of the following statements accurately describes ways to minimize nutrient losses when storing or preparing foods?
Fruits that have been cut or juiced should be stored in airtight containers in the refrigerator.
What form of arthritis is characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints?
Gout
What is a characteristic of an atherogenic diet?
High trans fat
Which of the following foods should NOT be fed to infants because of the risk of botulism?
Honey
The term for elevated blood glucose is _______.
Hyperglycemia
Which of the following accurately describes bovine growth hormone use in the United States?
If consumed from foods, it is digested by enzymes in the GI tract.
The term that describes the body's reaction to foreign antigens by neutralizing or eliminating them, thus preventing damage, is known as the _______.
Immune response
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between energy restriction and longevity?
Improvements in longevity depend on reducing energy intake but not on the amount of body fat
Which of the following may be a symptom of transient ischemic attack?
Inability to swallow
Diuretics lower blood pressure by _______.
Increasing fluid loss
A 1-year-old who drinks more than 3 cups of cow's milk a day is at an increased risk for developing a deficiency of which nutrient?
Iron
Which of the following statements describes the mineral nutrition of older adults?
Iron absorption is reduced due to low stomach acidity.
Which of the following describes how iron deficiency affects children's behavior?
It affects brain function long before blood effects appear.
Which of the following statements accurately describes sustainable agriculture?
It contributes to soil preservation.
How does aspirin reduce inflammation and relieve pain?
It interferes with prostaglandins.
Which of the following statements accurately describes ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF)?
It is a paste made from oil, sugar, and proteins
In atherosclerosis, what substance becomes trapped in the arterial walls?
LDL cholesterol particles
In general, older people tend to _______.
Lose bone and muscle and gain body fat
Bovine growth hormone may be given to cattle to produce ______.
More milk
Which of the following is a recommended strategy for honoring children's mealtime preferences?
Offer vegetables that are raw or undercooked and served separate from other foods.
What fraction of the world's children, younger than age 5, suffer from symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?
One-third
Which type of arthritis most commonly disables older people?
Osteoarthritis
Compounds of nitrogen-containing bases such as adenine, guanine, and caffeine are called _______.
Purines
The amounts of pesticides that remain on foods when people buy and use them are called _____.
Residues
Which of the following foods in particular must be restricted in the diet of a person taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor drug to treat Parkinson's disease?
Sauerkraut
Which of the following is a risk factor for cancers, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, stroke, obesity, and artherosclerosis?
Sedentary lifestyle
Which of the following can be purchased using a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) debit card?
Seeds to produce food
The loss of brain function beyond the normal loss of physical adeptness and memory that occurs with aging is called ________.
Senile dementia
What is the name of the program that provides low-income older adults with coupons that are exchangeable for fresh vegetables and fruits at community-supported farmers' markets and roadside stands?
Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program
What is the minimum number of glasses of water an older adult must drink each day to prevent dehydration?
Six
Antibiotics and antacids often contain large amounts of _______.
Sodium
Of these body organs and glands, which one is involved in immunity?
Spleen
Where is the highest hunger rate in the world?
Sub-Saharan Africa
Which of the following statements accurately describes the total diet study?
The goal is to estimate the dietary intakes of pesticide residues for people in all age groups.
All of the following contain compounds that produce cyanide except _______.
The skin on potatoes
Which of the following is true of cancer?
There are many cancers, and they have different characteristics.
Which of the following is true of food assistance programs of the Older Americans Act?
There are no income limits for eligibility.
Consumers are encouraged to "buy local." What does "locally grown" mean?
There is no exact definition.
Which of the following accurately describes concerns about water intake in elderly people?
They may not feel thirsty or recognize dryness of the mouth.
Of the following, which country has an ecological footprint per person that is almost five times the resources and wastes the planet can handle?
United States
Which of the following supplements are recommended for infants younger than 6 months who are breastfed exclusively?
Vitamin D
The seal on a package of red meat reads "graded by USDA." This means that the meat _______.
Was assessed for tenderness
USDA regulations allow a food product to be labeled "organic" only if it _______.
Was made with at least 95 percent organic ingredients
When factors such as drought and contamination from livestock manure decrease the availability of clean potable water, they create a situation known as _______.
Water stress
Which of the following measurements puts a person at high risk for coronary heart disease?
blood pressure of 140/90 or higher