Nutrition Exam 4

The FDA deems additives safe if lifetime use presents no more than a 1 in ______ risk of cancer to human beings.

1,000,000

The CDC recommends that older adults engage in strength training at least two (non consecutive) days a week, at a moderate to high intensity, for how many repetitions per exercise?

10 to 12

A healthy adult requires less than 40 kcal per kilogram of body weight. A healthy infant requires about how many kcalories per kilogram of body weight?

100

The DRI recommends how many milligrams of calcium for women over 50 and older and men over 70?

1200

The verifiably oldest person died in 1997 at the age of ________.

122 years

The maximum potential human life span is currently about how many years?

130

In general, how long does the adolescent growth spurt last?

2.5 years

A healthy infant that weighs 7 pounds at birth likely will weigh how many pounds by their first birthday?

21

At what age might a child be expected to spear food with a fork?

3 years

Approximately how many people in the United States die from foodborne illnesses each year?

3000

What was the average life expectancy in the United States in 1900?

47 years

Worldwide, COVID-19 led to extreme poverty for ______ people.

50 million

People who travel to other countries have a _______ chance of contracting traveler's diarrhea.

50 percent

Approximately what percentage of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients are children?

50%

What percentage of people in the United States has a cataract by age 75?

50%

What is the average life expectancy in the United States today?

79 years

Worldwide, more than _______ people experience persistent hunger.

800 million

What is a desirable blood level for triglycerides?

<150 mg/dL

What is colostrum?

A milk-like substance secreted right after delivery

The Delaney Clause amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that states that _______.

Absolutely no cancer-causing substances shall be added to foods

A farmer who works with nature to limit environmental harm is engaging in the practice of _______.

Agroecology

_______ is a type of artery disease characterized by plaques on the inner walls of the arteries.

Atherosclerosis

Improvements in nutrient composition, such as when soybeans are genetically modified to upgrade its protein to a quality approaching that of milk, is a strategy known as ______.

Biofortification

In Sardinia, Italy, and Nicoya, Coasta Rica, people live long, healthy, and active lives well past 100 years. These places collectively are called _______.

Blue Zones

The name of the protein released during the acute phase of infection or inflammation that enhances immunity, among other things, and whose presence may be used to assess a person's risk for an impending heart attack or stroke is ________.

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Which term refers the clouding of the eye lenses that impairs vision and can lead to blindness?

Cataracts

The most dramatic increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes over the past two decades has occurred in ________.

Children and adolescents

Consumers depend on the FDA and which other agency to keep pesticide use within safe limits?

EPA

Which of the following defines nursing bottle tooth decay?

Extensive tooth decay infant due to prolonged exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle.

What organ is affected by macular degeneration, a common condition for older people?

Eyes

Which of the following terms refers to a period of extreme food shortage resulting in widespread starvation and death?

Famine

The energy-yielding nutrient that makes up 55 percent of breast milk is _______.

Fat

Which of the following dietary components may protect against cancer?

Fiber

A child who develops antibodies to a certain food is said to have a _______.

Food allergy

Which of the following foods likely contains acrylamide?

French fries

Which of the following statements accurately describes ways to minimize nutrient losses when storing or preparing foods?

Fruits that have been cut or juiced should be stored in airtight containers in the refrigerator.

What form of arthritis is characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints?

Gout

What is a characteristic of an atherogenic diet?

High trans fat

Which of the following foods should NOT be fed to infants because of the risk of botulism?

Honey

The term for elevated blood glucose is _______.

Hyperglycemia

Which of the following accurately describes bovine growth hormone use in the United States?

If consumed from foods, it is digested by enzymes in the GI tract.

The term that describes the body's reaction to foreign antigens by neutralizing or eliminating them, thus preventing damage, is known as the _______.

Immune response

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between energy restriction and longevity?

Improvements in longevity depend on reducing energy intake but not on the amount of body fat

Which of the following may be a symptom of transient ischemic attack?

Inability to swallow

Diuretics lower blood pressure by _______.

Increasing fluid loss

A 1-year-old who drinks more than 3 cups of cow's milk a day is at an increased risk for developing a deficiency of which nutrient?

Iron

Which of the following statements describes the mineral nutrition of older adults?

Iron absorption is reduced due to low stomach acidity.

Which of the following describes how iron deficiency affects children's behavior?

It affects brain function long before blood effects appear.

Which of the following statements accurately describes sustainable agriculture?

It contributes to soil preservation.

How does aspirin reduce inflammation and relieve pain?

It interferes with prostaglandins.

Which of the following statements accurately describes ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF)?

It is a paste made from oil, sugar, and proteins

In atherosclerosis, what substance becomes trapped in the arterial walls?

LDL cholesterol particles

In general, older people tend to _______.

Lose bone and muscle and gain body fat

Bovine growth hormone may be given to cattle to produce ______.

More milk

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for honoring children's mealtime preferences?

Offer vegetables that are raw or undercooked and served separate from other foods.

What fraction of the world's children, younger than age 5, suffer from symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?

One-third

Which type of arthritis most commonly disables older people?

Osteoarthritis

Compounds of nitrogen-containing bases such as adenine, guanine, and caffeine are called _______.

Purines

The amounts of pesticides that remain on foods when people buy and use them are called _____.

Residues

Which of the following foods in particular must be restricted in the diet of a person taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor drug to treat Parkinson's disease?

Sauerkraut

Which of the following is a risk factor for cancers, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, stroke, obesity, and artherosclerosis?

Sedentary lifestyle

Which of the following can be purchased using a Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) debit card?

Seeds to produce food

The loss of brain function beyond the normal loss of physical adeptness and memory that occurs with aging is called ________.

Senile dementia

What is the name of the program that provides low-income older adults with coupons that are exchangeable for fresh vegetables and fruits at community-supported farmers' markets and roadside stands?

Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program

What is the minimum number of glasses of water an older adult must drink each day to prevent dehydration?

Six

Antibiotics and antacids often contain large amounts of _______.

Sodium

Of these body organs and glands, which one is involved in immunity?

Spleen

Where is the highest hunger rate in the world?

Sub-Saharan Africa

Which of the following statements accurately describes the total diet study?

The goal is to estimate the dietary intakes of pesticide residues for people in all age groups.

All of the following contain compounds that produce cyanide except _______.

The skin on potatoes

Which of the following is true of cancer?

There are many cancers, and they have different characteristics.

Which of the following is true of food assistance programs of the Older Americans Act?

There are no income limits for eligibility.

Consumers are encouraged to "buy local." What does "locally grown" mean?

There is no exact definition.

Which of the following accurately describes concerns about water intake in elderly people?

They may not feel thirsty or recognize dryness of the mouth.

Of the following, which country has an ecological footprint per person that is almost five times the resources and wastes the planet can handle?

United States

Which of the following supplements are recommended for infants younger than 6 months who are breastfed exclusively?

Vitamin D

The seal on a package of red meat reads "graded by USDA." This means that the meat _______.

Was assessed for tenderness

USDA regulations allow a food product to be labeled "organic" only if it _______.

Was made with at least 95 percent organic ingredients

When factors such as drought and contamination from livestock manure decrease the availability of clean potable water, they create a situation known as _______.

Water stress

Which of the following measurements puts a person at high risk for coronary heart disease?

blood pressure of 140/90 or higher