Nutrition Exams 1,2,3
Posting findings at the main researcher's internet web site
A group of scientists conducts a a scientific study to investigate dietary factors, that influence the development of obesity. Which of the following activities is not likely to be a component of their research efforts?
consuming foods that contain gluten
A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid
ethnic ancestry
A person's ____ does not influence the amount of energy he or she uses while performing physical activity
Case-control
A researcher wants to identify lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer in men. His study design involves enrolling 250 adult men who have stomach cancer and 250 men who are cancer-free but have similar characteristics and backgrounds as the men who have stomach cancer. The researcher collects and analyzes information about each participant's lifestyle. Based on this information, what kind of study is the researcher conducting?
Does not contain dietary ingredients
A scientist discovers a chemical compound in certain rocks that she calls "stonia." She cannot market extracts that contain stonia s a dietary supplement, because it
Fatty acid
A scientist has discovered a new molecular compound that is a long chain of 26 carbons bonded together, with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other end of the molecule. The compound does not contain any nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(an)
saturated
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) fatty acid.
Major Mineral
A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 130 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?
Protein
A scientist isolates a water-soluble compound from spider venom. The substance has nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in its chemical structure. Based on this information, the compound is probably a
Antioxidant
A substance that can protect a persons cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain harmful factors is a(n)
Branched-chain amino acids
According to scientific evidence which of the following substances may benefit muscle recovery after intense exercise
Linoleic
Acid is an omega-6 fatty acid
Sores on her knuckles
After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting
An indication that the physician practices integrative medicine
After examining a patient and reviewing the results of his blood tests, a physician tells the patient that has his mild depressive symptoms are not he result of a serious health problem. The physician suggests that the patient should try regular exercise and take the dietary supplement St. John's wort for three months. After this period, the physician will prescribe antidepressant medication, if the patient does not feel emotionally better. This advice is
Practices integrative medicine
After reviewing the results of a patients medical tests, a physician tells the patient that her mild back pain is not caused by a serious problem, and she can try acupuncture and massage therapy to relieve the discomfort. Based on this information, the physician's advice indicates that he
Have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood
Albert is a healthy 23-year old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease so he can take preventative measures, if they are necessary. Albert should
540 to 900
Alex is a competitive athlete who weighs 90 kg. He would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain his weight and glycogen stores during training and competition. According to expert recommendations, he should consume ____ grams of
95
An 8-ounce serving of a beverage contains 250 ml water, 15 g sugar, 3 mg caffeine, and 5 g alcohol. This amount of beverage supplies ______ kcal
Organ
An ____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions
Gradually increases in duration and intensity of activites
An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program
Fluoride
Angela is 20-year-old college student. In addition to having a history of dental decay, she seems to break bones easily. Based on this information, Angela may need to increase her intake of
Parts of coenzymes
B vitamins function as
Reduce his intake of refined sugars
Bill has reactive hypoglycemia. What steps can he take to reduce the likelihood that he has bouts of the disorder?
Frequent urination
Bryan has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this chronic disease
Tapioca; flour
You would like to bake a special pudding for a friend who has celiac disease. The original pudding recipe made with eggs, flour, milk, sugar, vanilla, and butter. To make pudding that is safe for your friend to consume, you plan to substitute ____ for the ______ in the recipe
Vitamin C
Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables. She bruises easily, her sores take a long time to heal, and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth . Based on this information, which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet?
Antioxidants
____ Prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA cells.
Linoleic
_____ acid is an essential fatty acid
Chromium
_____ enhances the effects of insulin on cell membrane
Sustainable agriculture
______ includes farming techniques that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment
alcohol
_______ can be metabolized for ATP production
While at rest, a muscle cell only stores a small amount of atp
which of the following statements is true?
obese
Macey's BMI is 30.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range
Unconscious
Manny's blood alcohol concentration is 0.36. Based on this information, Manny is
Maria's fat intake is higher than the ADMR
Maria usually consumes about 2000 kcal/day. On average, her fat intake is approximately 90 g/day. Based on this information, which of the following statements describes Maria's diet?
Hypertension
Marissa is in the 4th month of her pregnancy. Although she has no major health problems, her pre-pregnancy BMI was 32.2. Based on this information, she has a high risk of developing
Underweight
Ming's BMI is 17.8. According to this information, Ming is
oxygen
Muscle cells can use the _____ energy system to obtain energy
Lactic acid
Muscle cells can use the ______ energy system to obtain energy
glycogen
Muscle store _____, the immediate source of glucose for contracting muscles.
Sunflower seeds
Of the following foods, which is the best source of essential amino acids?
Fat-free milk
Of the following foods, which is the richest source of riboflavin
Soft drinks
One day, Hilary consumed a handful of peanuts, a bowl of chocolate pudding, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and three hard-cooked eggs. According to MyPlate, which of these foods is empty calories?
Prospective
Over a 2-year period, a team of scientists records the eating behaviors and physical activity patterns of a group of healthy 8-year-old children to determine whether these factors are associated with weight gain. This study is an example of a(an) ____ study
Owen's fat intake is within the ADMR
Owen usually consumes about 3000 kcal/day. On average, his fat intake is approximately 80 g/day. Based on this information, which of the following statements describes Owen's diet?
Digests starch in the small intestine
Pancreatic amylase
hypertension
People with BMI's of 25 or more have greater risks of ____ than people with BMI's in the healthy range
Sunflower seeds
Phil wants to eat more foods that are sources of healthy fats, based on this information, which of the following foods would you recommend?
perform moderate- to vigorous physical activity without becoming excessively tired
Physical fitness is the ability to
Placebos
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D supplements on the adult human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human adults and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of adults. The pills that do not contain vitamin D are
Pernicious anemia
Results from lack of intrinsic factor.
May reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so
Routine vitamin C supplementation
Starch
Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ______ to be digested in the mouth
Epidemiological
Scientists in a Central American country are studying factors that may be associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income children. The children live in a region of the nation that has high levels of lead in drinking water. This study is an example of a(an) _____ study.
"bronze" skin
Sylvia has hemochromatosis. Which of the following conditions is a sign or symptom of this disorder?
Tamara's body fat is too low
Tamara is a 19-year-old female college student. Her percentage of body fat is 8%. Which of the following statements about Tamara is true?
420-700
Tatiana is a competitive athlete who weighs 70 kg. She would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain her weight and glycogen stores during training and competition. According to expert recommendations, she should consume ____ grams of carbohydrate daily
Trace
The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg, for young men and women, respectively. Based on this information, iron is a _____ mineral.
Ileum
The ___ is the third segment of the small intestine
Kidneys
The ___ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance
Bioavailability
The ______ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them
RDA
The amount of vitamin C that meets about 90% of the populations need for the nutrient is the ____ for the vitamin
Prostaglandins
The body uses fatty acids to make
Peach
Which of the following foods provides the most beta-carotene per serving?
Close friends
Which of the following has a major influence over a person's food choice?
Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes
Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein?
Stir-fry made with chicken, broccoli, rice, green peas and soy sauce
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent three different MyPlate food groups?
Fruit smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, orange juice, fat-free milk and fresh peaches
Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent two different MyPlate food groups?
Fat
Which of the following nutrients can be metabolized for ATP production?
When a populations Vitamin D decreases, the percentage of the people in the population that have healthy immune systems decreases
Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation
A fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms
Which of the following statements is true
Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes
Which of the following statements is true
Most enzymes have names that end with -ase
Which of the following statements is true
Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children
Which of the following statements is true
The typical Asian diet contains high amounts of vegetables and inadequate amounts of milk and milk products
Which of the following statements is true
A person who has a BMI of 26.2 can have more muscle than another person who has the same BMI
Which of the following statements is true?
Athletes can benefit from consuming sports drinks during prolonged physical exertion
Which of the following statements is true?
Daily vales are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.
Which of the following statements is true?
Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger
Which of the following statements is true?
In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death
Which of the following statements is true?
Premature infants are at risk of vitamin E deficiency
Which of the following statements is true?
Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight.
Which of the following statements is true?
The first amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation
Which of the following statements is true?
The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber
Which of the following statements is true?
Blood
Which of the following substances has a pH that is higher that the pH of pure water
Caffeine
Which of the following substances is a milk diuretic?
Sugar
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?
Pepsin
Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?
Vitamin C
Which of the following substances is not a macronutrient
Lysine
Which of the following substances is usually the limiting amino acid in foods, particularly those of plant origin?
These bottles should not be used because they probably contain bisphenol A
While at a garage sale, Jenna purchased a set of used plastic baby bottles. She noticed the symbol "7" in a triangle on the bottom of the bottles. What would you tell her concerning the use of these bottles to feed her baby?
Water intoxication
Yesterday, Jeremy ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experiences difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from
A cheese ball made with cream cheese, grated cheddar cheese, and walnuts.
You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish religion. Which of the following foods would be acceptable to everyone at this party?
Sucrose
You would like to add a nutritive sweetener to a food that is almost pure carbohydrates. Which of the following substances would you add?
Increases urine production
Caffeine's physiological effects
An eating disorder
Carey skips breakfast and eats only organic foods. Before exams, she avoids eating anything that is "alive" of "had a face" while it was alive. Her BMI is 21.6 and she seems to be healthy. Based on this information, Carey is at risk of developing
Damages the heart muscle
Chronic alcohol abuse
Duodenum
Chyme moves from the stomach into the
The minerals will leach to of the food and into the cooking water, becoming part of the soup in the process
Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?
Dehydration
Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to
Less beef
Dana wants to reduce her blood cholesterol level by eating
adjustable gastric binding
Darlene is 5'2", 23-year-old woman who weighs almost 250 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like to try a surgical weight loss method that reduces the size of her stomach without the use of staples and is reversible. Her physician is likely to recommend
Vitamin B-12 injections
Dorthy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend?
Frequently makes himself vomit after eating.
During a dental examination, the dentist notices that the enamel on the back sides of Andrew's teeth has eroded, and some of the teeth are decaying. Based on this information, the dentist suspects that Andrew
vitamin B-12
Erika is a vegan. To avoid developing a serious nutritional deficiency, she needs to include a source of ____ in her diet
104.0
Evan is a 28 years of age. His height is 6'2", and he weighs 130 kg. Based on his body weight, his RDA for protein is ____ grams.
Includes plasma and tissue fluid
Extracellular water
Niacin
Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high. To lower her cholesterol level, she took a large doses of a certain vitamin supplement, but she experienced sever facial flushing and liver damage as a result. Based on this information, which vitamin did she take?
Cheese
Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat
Broccoli
Geoff wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ____ may decrease his risk of this chronic disease.
Compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group
Having a control group enables researchers to
Trypsin
Lucy has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas. Based on this information, she may have difficulty digesting proteins because of a lack of
Calcium
Lydia's diet lacks ___, which is classified as a major mineral.
Empty Calories
Hilary consumed 3 servings o an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as
Temperature is too high
Hyperthermia occurs when the body's
Added fat
In 2010, Americans ate more ______ than in 1970
Unsalted butter
In general, food guides do not group ____ with dietary foods
People who are 65 years of age and older
In the United States, ____ have a high risk of hypertension.
Digesting foods
In the human body, water is involved in
is within cells
Intracellular water
B-12
Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin
Sugar cane
Is a source of sucrose
Maltose
Is the disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules
57
Isabella is 24 years of age and weighs 156 pounds. Based on her body weight, her RDA for protein is about ____ grams.
Rickets
Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Issac has a high risk of
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though shes about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing
600-1000
Jordan is a competitive athlete who weighs 220 lb. He would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain his weight and glycogen stores during training and competition. According to expert recommendations, he should consume ____ grams of carbohydrate daily
Beans
Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add
180-630 kcal/day
Katrina is 20 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, what is her range of protein intake?
4000
Lance's goal is to win a marathon bicycle race. He trains aerobically for at least 90 minutes daily. He weighs 80 kg. Based on this information, what is the minimum number of kilocalories he needs to consume daily to maintain his body while in training and during a race
Gallstones
Last night, Sara ate french fires, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milkshake. About am hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of sever abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has
Corn oil
Layla loves to cook, but she is concerned about the effects that certain dietary lipids may have on her health. She wants to prepare foods with fats that are naturally low in saturated fatty acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Based in this information, which of the following ingredients should she select?
Phospholipid
Lecithin is a type of
Have her son tested for diabetes 1
Lena's 4-year-old son is not well. He lacks much interest in playing, he has lost weight, his breath has a strange odor, and he seems to be thirsty all the time. Based on this information Lena should
Gastric banding
Leona is a 5'4", 30-year-old woman who weighs almost 225 pounds. TO lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. Leona would like to try surgical weight loss method that can be reversed, if she has serious side effects. Based on this information, Leona's physician is likely to recommend ___ as the best way to help Leona lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.
3200
Lesters BMI is 32.3. According to his food records, he consumes an average of 3600 kcal/day. He would like to lose 20 pounds in 1 year by reducing his daily calorie intake. Based on this information, Lester should consume ____ kcal/day
2400
Liam's BMI is 27.0. According to his food records, he consumes an average pf 2600 kcal/day. He would like to lose 10 pounds in 1 year by reducing his daily calorie intake. Based on this information, Liam should consume ____ kcal/day.
Form active blood clotting factors
The human body needs vitamin K to
Goiter
The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920's dramatically reduced rates of _____ in the United States.
Bile
The liver recycles bile salts to make new
Dairy products
The most bioavailable and safest sources of calcium are
circulation of blood throughout the body
The primary function of the cardiovascular system is
A testimonial
The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of
1 g
The recommended amount of a nutrient is 100 mg. Therefore, a megadose of this nutrient would be
Glucose
The starch in rice and potatoes is composed of ______ molecules
Vitamin C
The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of
Substitute legumes for cheeses
Theodore is an 18-year-old college student, who would like to improve his health by following a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of his current "western" diet. Based on this information, he should
2 cups
Three-year old Amanda does not like to drink milk, but she loves pudding made with fat free milk. According to MyPlate, Amanda should consume 2 cups of dairy products daily. To meet this recommendation, Amanda can consume ______ of pudding daily
Fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.
Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat is associated wiht
Solute
To make hot tea, Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it. She waits about five minutes for the tea to steep, then she removes the teabag. Before drinking the tea, she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage. When added to the tea the sugar is a
Incorporate a variety of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility activities
To make your exercise routine more enjoyable, the routine should
Phosphorus and calcium
Vitamin D helps the body absorb
Skeletal muscle contractions that are planned and conducted to increase muscle mass
What is exercise
Movement that results from contracting skeletal muscles
What is physical activity
Celiac disease
When Thompson 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat poultry, meat, dairy foods, fruits and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, cookies, crackers, or crackers or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for
Corn oil
When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he include in his recipes
Stair stepping
Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic
Phenylalanine
Which of the following amino acids is a dietary essential
underwater weighing
Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water
Hypertension
Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a persons risk of cardiovascular disease
Male sex
Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Aldosterone
Which of the following compounds is a hormone that helps the body maintain fluid balance
Losing muscle mass
Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?
Being pregnant
Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?
Maintaining a BMI of 17.5 or less
Which of the following conditions or behaviors is a characteristic sign of a person with anorexia nervosa
Boiling in a saucepan of water
Which of the following cooking methods can result in major loses of water-soluble vitamins?
Alpha-linolenic acid
Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?
Eating smaller food portions
Which of the following food related practices is recommended because it can improve the environment?
Green leafy vegetables
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K
Fresh fruit and fish oils
Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?
Soybean oil
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
Fat-free milk
Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?
Grapes
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals
White bread
Which of the following foods is not a good source of magnesium?
Potato chips
Which of the following foods is not nutrient-dense
Carrots and celery
Which of the following foods is not usually responsible for causing allergic responses?
Liver
Which of the following foods is the best source of performed vitamin A
sliced peaches (drained syrup) at $1.49 per 16-ounce can
Which of the following foods is the least expensive per ounce
