nutrition final

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 2 g protein, 4 oz water, 5 g fat, 25 mcg vitamin A, 2.5 mg niacin, and 0.8 mg iron. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.

113 kcal

maltase

2 glucose = maltose

A serving of food contains 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, 8 g fat, 5 mg iron, and 4 oz water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies

212 k cal

sucrase

1 fructose + 1 glucose = sucrose

lactase

1 glucose + 1 galactose = lactose

heart attack

blood flow in arteries that flow to heart are blocked

stroke

blood flow is blocked in an artery that flows to the brain

the ___ is a numerical value thats based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat

body mass index

conditions associated with the female athlete triad include

bone mineral irregularities

a primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients

which of the following foods contains cholesterol

butter

which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat?

butter

which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids

canned salmon

glycogen is the

carbohydrate thats store in liver and muscle tissue

nutrients that can be metabolized for ATP production

carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids

a ___ remains when the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid is removed

carbon skeleton

When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced weight loss and chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him tested for

celiac disease

mitchell has an infection that caused his epiglottis to function improperly. based on this information, you would expect mitchell to ___ while he has this illness.

choke often

The largest and least dense lipoprotein is a

chylomicron

which of the following statements is true about vitamins

compared to proteins and carbohydrates, your body requires very small quantities of vitamins

which of the following practices is known to increase a persons risk of cardiovascular disease?

consuming trans fat

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?

cooked beans

When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat or cholesterol. Based on this information, which of the following fats or oils should he include in his recipes?

corn oil

a scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to block the production, release, or action of

ghrelin

vitamin c

is needed to form strong collagen

When combined, which of the following groups of foods forms a complementary protein dish?

kidney beans, rice, sesame seeds

the energy value of a raw peach is reported as a number of

kilocalories

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

lacteals within the villi

which of the following substances is a disaccharide comprised of one glucose and one galactose molecule

lactose

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

oil

which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of myplate?

oils

which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

optimalhealthandnutrition4ever.com

Tyrone's BMI is 27.2. Based on this information, his weight is in the _____ range.

overweight

most B vitamins function as

parts of coenzymes

lucy has a disease that affects the functioning of her stomach. based on this information, she may have difficulty digesting proteins because of a lack of

pepsin

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes NSAIDs regularly to treat his headaches and arthritis. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing

peptic ulcers

the bond between two amino acids is a

peptide bond

bonnie has plaque in an artery in her lower left leg. this condition is a sign of

peripheral vascular disease

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

peristalsis

which of the following statements is true?

phospholipids are partially water soluble

vitamin D helps the body absorb

phosphorus and calcium

which of the following foods is energy dense?

potato chips

Sam wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ____ may increase his risk of this chronic disease.

processed meats

the human body needs vitamin K to

produce blood clotting factors

plant-based diets, especially vegan diets, may not supply enough ____ to meet a child's needs.

protein

which of the following nutrients is a source of energy

protein

which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent 3 different my plate groups?

ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries and fat-free milk

which of the following foods is a poor source of protein?

red cabbage

exposing milk to light can reduce its ___ content

riboflavin

water soluble vitamins that are co-enzymes that help with metabolizing glucose, fat, and amino acids

riboflavin, thiamin

in underdeveloped countries, severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of

blindness

amanda consumes approx 2500 kcal/day. according to recommendations of the dietary guidelines, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than

250

martys usual caloric intake is 2800 kcal/day. according to the dietary guidelines for americans, added sugars should contribute less than 10% of a persons total energy intake. therefore, he should limit his added sugar intake to less than ___ kcal per day.

280

The label on a bag of salt-free pretzels indicates that the chips are "low-fat." This means the pretzels provide _____ gram(s) of fat or less per serving.

3

Martha wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for saturated fat intake. She currently consumes a diet that supplies 2700 kcal per day. To meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, she should limit her saturated fat intake to less than ____ grams per day.

30

bethaney is a healthy 20 year old who weighs 50 kg. based on this information, her RDA for protein is

40 grams

isabella is a healthy 24 year old female who weighs 156 pounds. based on this information, her RDA for protein is about

57 grams

according to nutrition facts panel on a food package, a serving of the product provides 25% DV for sodium. the DV for sodium is 2300 mg. each serving of this product provides approximately ___ mg of sodium.

575

each day, alicia takes pills that contain vitamin C. her RDA for the vitamin is 75 mg. how much vitamin C per day would be a megadose amount for alicia?

750 mg

Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

E

in the United States, which agency investigates complaints about false or misleading health-related claims that appear in food advertisements

Federal Trade Commission

which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues

HDL

___ are water soluble vitamins

Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.

RDA

The human body can absorb some _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

biotin

which of the following statements is true?

a person can reduce his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-low-calorie diet

which of the following substances is a dietary essential?

alpha-linolenic acid

___ forms when the nitrogen-containing group is removed from an amino acid

ammonia

Amy has type 1 diabetes. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

amy needs to obtain insulin either by injections or an insulin pump

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to peanuts, and she rapidly developed

anaphylactic shock

Dylan takes garlic pills to lower his blood cholesterol level. He recommends the pills to his friends because he thinks they are helpful. Dylan's nutrition-related advice to his friends is an example of a(an)

anecdote

An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

antioxidant

a researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. after preforming tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a

antioxidant

which of the following statements is true?

as people grow older, their metabolic rates decline

marissa is healthy, but shes concerned about her risk of type 2 diabetes. To reduce her risk of disease, Marissa should

avoid gaining excess weight

intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin

b-12

jared is a healthy 23-year-old who exercises but isnt an athlete. based on this information, most of his bodys total energy use is for

basal metabolism

which of the following substances enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine?

bile

which of the following statements is true?

daily values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes

excessive vitamin D intakes can result in

deposition of calcium in soft tissues

the classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include

dermatitis

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to

eat breakfast regularly

nick wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. based on this information, he should

eat more whole-grain products

which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

eggs

consuming too much protein may lead to

excess loss of calcium in urine

which of the following actions can help reduce a persons risk of type 2 diabetes?

exercising daily

Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with

fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body

a food scientist has chemically analyzed a food item to determine its ingredients. one of the ingredients was a complex chemical that consisted of several hundred glucose molecules bonded together. when the scientist tested the complex chemical, he discovered it couldn't be digested by humans. based on this information, this chemical was a form of ___

fiber

components of physical fitness

flexibility, balance, endurance, strength

pregnant women who have a history of inadequate _____ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects

folate

the typical vegan diet supplies high amounts of

folate

the 3 most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, fructose

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

gallstones

Lily is a 5′4′′, 40-year-old woman who weighs almost 200 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like a surgical weight loss method that can be easily reversed and does not involve stapling her stomach or cutting her small intestine. based on this information, her physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help her lose some of her excess weight.

gastric bypass

gina is pregnant. gina's physician prescribed a prenatal vitamin for her to take daily. gina thought she could have a very healthy baby by taking extra vitamins, so she took several other dietary supplements, including those that contained vitamin A and C. As a result, her total intakes of vitamin C and A were 20 times the RDA amounts. based on this information, gina has a high risk of

giving birth to a baby with birth defects

which of the following substances is a hormone that maintains your blood glucose level within normal limits while youre asleep and when you havent eaten for a while?

glucagon

a primary fuel for muscles and other cells is

glucose

which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of phytochemicals

grapes

Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status?

he eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene

in the body, certain lipids

help maintain cell membranes

insulin

helps glucose enter cells

the tolerable upper limit for a nutrient is the

highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily

which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

hydrochloric acid

in the stomach, ____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

in general, excesses of fat soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water soluble vitamins

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program

includes regular physical activity

the ___ helps form feces by absorbing some excess water and minerals from chyme.

large intestine

which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system

large intestine

treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and

learning ways to manage stress effectively

bernice is a vegan. which of the following foods does she eat?

legumes

the accessory organ of the digestive system that produces bile is the

liver

coretta has chronic heartburn. to reduce her risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), her physician recommended that she

lose excess body fat

in the body, vitamin A helps

maintain epithelial cells

ways you can reduce risk of developing CVD

maintain healthy weight, exercise daily

Shawn's waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure is consistently high, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. Based on this information, Shawn has

metabolic syndrome

3 fates of glucose after it is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to the liver

metabolized and used as energy, stored as glycogen, if glycogen storage is full, stored as fat

samantha is a lactovegetarian. which of the following foods does she consume?

milk

stomach digestion begins in the

mouth

an essential nutrient

must be supplied by your diet

every amino acid has ____ in its chemical structure

nitrogen

you would like to bake a special birthday cake for a friend who has celiac disease. the original cake recipe is made with eggs, wheat flour, orange juice, honey, vanilla, and butter. to make a cake that is safe for your friend to consume, you plan to substitute ____ for the _____ in the recipe.

rice flour; wheat flower

according to numerous scientific studies, low levels of physical activity are associated with increased chances of developing excess body fat and type 2 diabetes. based on this information, lack of physical activity is a

risk factor

solid fats generally have a high proportion of ___ fatty acids

saturated

Robin reads Nutrition Facts panels on packaged foods to choose nutrient dense products. By reading the panels, she is able to determine the amount of _____ in a serving of a food.

sodium

After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you would expect to notice _____ as a sign of her purging behavior.

sores on her knuckles

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as

sources of empty calories

which of the following foods is a high protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins

soy milk

to conserve the vitamin content of foods,

steam or stir-fry until tender, but not overcooked

Today, the only food Meghan ate was 16 ounces of lemon-flavored yogurt, 8 oz of cooked turkey, and 2 cups of ready-to-eat cereal. According to MyPlate, she ate nothing from the group that includes

strawberries

____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises

subcutaneous

cecila has a disease that causes proteins to be lost in her urine. a sign of this disease is edema. based on this information, cecila has

swelling of tissues

Damon has a chronic illness. To treat the condition, he takes an antibiotic every day. Despite his illness, Damon's diet is nutritionally adequate, and he exercises regularly. Based on this information, Damon may need to

take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin K

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing an herbal product for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n)

testimonial

metabolism is

the total of all chemical changes that occur in cells

People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop _____ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.

type 2 diabetes

obese people have a greater risk of _____ than people who arent obese

type 2 diabetes

fates of the carbon skeleton that result from excess amino acid consumption

used for non essential amino acids, used for energy

diet refers to a persons

usual pattern of food choices

___ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs

visceral

Edna is 70 years of age. She is very healthy, and the only medication she takes is a prescription drug that reduces her stomach's acid production. Her diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups. Based on this information, Edna is at risk of developing

vitamin B-12 deficiency

which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body

vitamin D

nutrients that may be deficient in a vegetarian diet

vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, iron

Erika is a vegan. To avoid developing a serious nutritional deficiency, she needs to include a source of _____ in her diet.

vitamin b-12

___ are fat soluble vitamins

vitamins D and E

which of the following statements is true?

vitamins are organic micronutrients

which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesnt provide any energy for the human body

water

gluten containing grains that those with celiac disease must avoid

wheat barley rye

which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids?

yellow onions

which of the following statements is true

your body uses proteins to make antibodies