nutrition final
A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 2 g protein, 4 oz water, 5 g fat, 25 mcg vitamin A, 2.5 mg niacin, and 0.8 mg iron. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.
113 kcal
maltase
2 glucose = maltose
A serving of food contains 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, 8 g fat, 5 mg iron, and 4 oz water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies
212 k cal
sucrase
1 fructose + 1 glucose = sucrose
lactase
1 glucose + 1 galactose = lactose
heart attack
blood flow in arteries that flow to heart are blocked
stroke
blood flow is blocked in an artery that flows to the brain
the ___ is a numerical value thats based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat
body mass index
conditions associated with the female athlete triad include
bone mineral irregularities
a primary function of the digestive system is the
breakdown of food into nutrients
which of the following foods contains cholesterol
butter
which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat?
butter
which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids
canned salmon
glycogen is the
carbohydrate thats store in liver and muscle tissue
nutrients that can be metabolized for ATP production
carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids
a ___ remains when the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid is removed
carbon skeleton
When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced weight loss and chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him tested for
celiac disease
mitchell has an infection that caused his epiglottis to function improperly. based on this information, you would expect mitchell to ___ while he has this illness.
choke often
The largest and least dense lipoprotein is a
chylomicron
which of the following statements is true about vitamins
compared to proteins and carbohydrates, your body requires very small quantities of vitamins
which of the following practices is known to increase a persons risk of cardiovascular disease?
consuming trans fat
Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?
cooked beans
When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat or cholesterol. Based on this information, which of the following fats or oils should he include in his recipes?
corn oil
a scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to block the production, release, or action of
ghrelin
vitamin c
is needed to form strong collagen
When combined, which of the following groups of foods forms a complementary protein dish?
kidney beans, rice, sesame seeds
the energy value of a raw peach is reported as a number of
kilocalories
After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter
lacteals within the villi
which of the following substances is a disaccharide comprised of one glucose and one galactose molecule
lactose
Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.
oil
which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of myplate?
oils
which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?
optimalhealthandnutrition4ever.com
Tyrone's BMI is 27.2. Based on this information, his weight is in the _____ range.
overweight
most B vitamins function as
parts of coenzymes
lucy has a disease that affects the functioning of her stomach. based on this information, she may have difficulty digesting proteins because of a lack of
pepsin
Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes NSAIDs regularly to treat his headaches and arthritis. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing
peptic ulcers
the bond between two amino acids is a
peptide bond
bonnie has plaque in an artery in her lower left leg. this condition is a sign of
peripheral vascular disease
Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called
peristalsis
which of the following statements is true?
phospholipids are partially water soluble
vitamin D helps the body absorb
phosphorus and calcium
which of the following foods is energy dense?
potato chips
Sam wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ____ may increase his risk of this chronic disease.
processed meats
the human body needs vitamin K to
produce blood clotting factors
plant-based diets, especially vegan diets, may not supply enough ____ to meet a child's needs.
protein
which of the following nutrients is a source of energy
protein
which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent 3 different my plate groups?
ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries and fat-free milk
which of the following foods is a poor source of protein?
red cabbage
exposing milk to light can reduce its ___ content
riboflavin
water soluble vitamins that are co-enzymes that help with metabolizing glucose, fat, and amino acids
riboflavin, thiamin
in underdeveloped countries, severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of
blindness
amanda consumes approx 2500 kcal/day. according to recommendations of the dietary guidelines, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than
250
martys usual caloric intake is 2800 kcal/day. according to the dietary guidelines for americans, added sugars should contribute less than 10% of a persons total energy intake. therefore, he should limit his added sugar intake to less than ___ kcal per day.
280
The label on a bag of salt-free pretzels indicates that the chips are "low-fat." This means the pretzels provide _____ gram(s) of fat or less per serving.
3
Martha wants to follow the Dietary Guidelines recommendations for saturated fat intake. She currently consumes a diet that supplies 2700 kcal per day. To meet the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines, she should limit her saturated fat intake to less than ____ grams per day.
30
bethaney is a healthy 20 year old who weighs 50 kg. based on this information, her RDA for protein is
40 grams
isabella is a healthy 24 year old female who weighs 156 pounds. based on this information, her RDA for protein is about
57 grams
according to nutrition facts panel on a food package, a serving of the product provides 25% DV for sodium. the DV for sodium is 2300 mg. each serving of this product provides approximately ___ mg of sodium.
575
each day, alicia takes pills that contain vitamin C. her RDA for the vitamin is 75 mg. how much vitamin C per day would be a megadose amount for alicia?
750 mg
Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.
E
in the United States, which agency investigates complaints about false or misleading health-related claims that appear in food advertisements
Federal Trade Commission
which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues
HDL
___ are water soluble vitamins
Pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and thiamin
The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.
RDA
The human body can absorb some _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
biotin
which of the following statements is true?
a person can reduce his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-low-calorie diet
which of the following substances is a dietary essential?
alpha-linolenic acid
___ forms when the nitrogen-containing group is removed from an amino acid
ammonia
Amy has type 1 diabetes. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?
amy needs to obtain insulin either by injections or an insulin pump
Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to peanuts, and she rapidly developed
anaphylactic shock
Dylan takes garlic pills to lower his blood cholesterol level. He recommends the pills to his friends because he thinks they are helpful. Dylan's nutrition-related advice to his friends is an example of a(an)
anecdote
An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.
antioxidant
a researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. after preforming tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a
antioxidant
which of the following statements is true?
as people grow older, their metabolic rates decline
marissa is healthy, but shes concerned about her risk of type 2 diabetes. To reduce her risk of disease, Marissa should
avoid gaining excess weight
intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin
b-12
jared is a healthy 23-year-old who exercises but isnt an athlete. based on this information, most of his bodys total energy use is for
basal metabolism
which of the following substances enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine?
bile
which of the following statements is true?
daily values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes
excessive vitamin D intakes can result in
deposition of calcium in soft tissues
the classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include
dermatitis
In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to
eat breakfast regularly
nick wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. based on this information, he should
eat more whole-grain products
which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?
eggs
consuming too much protein may lead to
excess loss of calcium in urine
which of the following actions can help reduce a persons risk of type 2 diabetes?
exercising daily
Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with
fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body
a food scientist has chemically analyzed a food item to determine its ingredients. one of the ingredients was a complex chemical that consisted of several hundred glucose molecules bonded together. when the scientist tested the complex chemical, he discovered it couldn't be digested by humans. based on this information, this chemical was a form of ___
fiber
components of physical fitness
flexibility, balance, endurance, strength
pregnant women who have a history of inadequate _____ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects
folate
the typical vegan diet supplies high amounts of
folate
the 3 most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are
galactose, glucose, fructose
Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has
gallstones
Lily is a 5′4′′, 40-year-old woman who weighs almost 200 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like a surgical weight loss method that can be easily reversed and does not involve stapling her stomach or cutting her small intestine. based on this information, her physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help her lose some of her excess weight.
gastric bypass
gina is pregnant. gina's physician prescribed a prenatal vitamin for her to take daily. gina thought she could have a very healthy baby by taking extra vitamins, so she took several other dietary supplements, including those that contained vitamin A and C. As a result, her total intakes of vitamin C and A were 20 times the RDA amounts. based on this information, gina has a high risk of
giving birth to a baby with birth defects
which of the following substances is a hormone that maintains your blood glucose level within normal limits while youre asleep and when you havent eaten for a while?
glucagon
a primary fuel for muscles and other cells is
glucose
which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of phytochemicals
grapes
Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status?
he eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene
in the body, certain lipids
help maintain cell membranes
insulin
helps glucose enter cells
the tolerable upper limit for a nutrient is the
highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily
which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?
hydrochloric acid
in the stomach, ____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein
hydrochloric acid and pepsin
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?
in general, excesses of fat soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water soluble vitamins
Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program
includes regular physical activity
the ___ helps form feces by absorbing some excess water and minerals from chyme.
large intestine
which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system
large intestine
treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and
learning ways to manage stress effectively
bernice is a vegan. which of the following foods does she eat?
legumes
the accessory organ of the digestive system that produces bile is the
liver
coretta has chronic heartburn. to reduce her risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), her physician recommended that she
lose excess body fat
in the body, vitamin A helps
maintain epithelial cells
ways you can reduce risk of developing CVD
maintain healthy weight, exercise daily
Shawn's waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure is consistently high, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. Based on this information, Shawn has
metabolic syndrome
3 fates of glucose after it is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to the liver
metabolized and used as energy, stored as glycogen, if glycogen storage is full, stored as fat
samantha is a lactovegetarian. which of the following foods does she consume?
milk
stomach digestion begins in the
mouth
an essential nutrient
must be supplied by your diet
every amino acid has ____ in its chemical structure
nitrogen
you would like to bake a special birthday cake for a friend who has celiac disease. the original cake recipe is made with eggs, wheat flour, orange juice, honey, vanilla, and butter. to make a cake that is safe for your friend to consume, you plan to substitute ____ for the _____ in the recipe.
rice flour; wheat flower
according to numerous scientific studies, low levels of physical activity are associated with increased chances of developing excess body fat and type 2 diabetes. based on this information, lack of physical activity is a
risk factor
solid fats generally have a high proportion of ___ fatty acids
saturated
Robin reads Nutrition Facts panels on packaged foods to choose nutrient dense products. By reading the panels, she is able to determine the amount of _____ in a serving of a food.
sodium
After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you would expect to notice _____ as a sign of her purging behavior.
sores on her knuckles
Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. According to MyPlate, these drinks should be classified as
sources of empty calories
which of the following foods is a high protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins
soy milk
to conserve the vitamin content of foods,
steam or stir-fry until tender, but not overcooked
Today, the only food Meghan ate was 16 ounces of lemon-flavored yogurt, 8 oz of cooked turkey, and 2 cups of ready-to-eat cereal. According to MyPlate, she ate nothing from the group that includes
strawberries
____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises
subcutaneous
cecila has a disease that causes proteins to be lost in her urine. a sign of this disease is edema. based on this information, cecila has
swelling of tissues
Damon has a chronic illness. To treat the condition, he takes an antibiotic every day. Despite his illness, Damon's diet is nutritionally adequate, and he exercises regularly. Based on this information, Damon may need to
take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin K
Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing an herbal product for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n)
testimonial
metabolism is
the total of all chemical changes that occur in cells
People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop _____ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.
type 2 diabetes
obese people have a greater risk of _____ than people who arent obese
type 2 diabetes
fates of the carbon skeleton that result from excess amino acid consumption
used for non essential amino acids, used for energy
diet refers to a persons
usual pattern of food choices
___ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs
visceral
Edna is 70 years of age. She is very healthy, and the only medication she takes is a prescription drug that reduces her stomach's acid production. Her diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups. Based on this information, Edna is at risk of developing
vitamin B-12 deficiency
which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body
vitamin D
nutrients that may be deficient in a vegetarian diet
vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, iron
Erika is a vegan. To avoid developing a serious nutritional deficiency, she needs to include a source of _____ in her diet.
vitamin b-12
___ are fat soluble vitamins
vitamins D and E
which of the following statements is true?
vitamins are organic micronutrients
which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesnt provide any energy for the human body
water
gluten containing grains that those with celiac disease must avoid
wheat barley rye
which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids?
yellow onions
which of the following statements is true
your body uses proteins to make antibodies
