Nutrition Final

examples of foods that are energy dense and source of empty calories and fat

-beer -sugar sweetened drinks -cheese pizza with sausage

why is it necessary to have some body fat?

-body fat stores energy -fat cells secrete numerous proteins some of which have roles in regulating food intake, glucose metabolism and immune system

the federal governments "check your steps" program has four simple rules for food safety.

-clean -chill -separate -cook

in the first trimester of pregnancy, women often experience nausea. what practices are recommended to alleviate nausea associated with pregnancy?

-eating crackers and drinking some water -eating smaller but more frequent meals and nutritious snacks.

ATP can be produced as a byproduct of the metabolism of glucose and several other substances. which substances are possible sources of ATP?

-glucose -triglycerides (fat) -amino acids -alcohol

Carbohydrates are an important macronutrient for fueling muscles. During exercise, where can the body obtain carbohydrate?

-glycogen stored in the muscles -glycogen stored in the liver cells -glucose that is available in the bloodstream

unintentional food additives are:

-inspects parts -herbicide residue -metal fragment from meat grinder

some conditions or dietary practices that are major nutrition related concerns of American adolescents

-obesity -eating disorder -inadequate calcium intake

stage 1 hypertension

130/139

adults under 65 years of age should engage in _______ of moderate-intensity physical activity per week

150 minutes (30 minutes per day, 5 days a week)

underweight BMI

18.5 lower

Healthy weight BMI

18.5-24.9

under what conditions would having a 'thrifty genes' benefit a person

during periods of food deprivation such as famine

capacity to perform work

energy

energy output (energy expenditure)

energy cells use to carry out their activities

If you plan or structure this activity on order to increase cardiovascular function or muscle mass, it is called

exercise

body mass index is a method of comparing _____________.

height and weight

Dana is on vacation at a resort that features a variety of outdoor activities. Because she is pregnant, Dana is cautious about the types of exercise she performs. which is not appropriate?

horseback riding

cross contamination is often responsible for outbreaks of foodborne illnesses, examples are:

- Deborah cuts up a raw chicken and wipes the knife with a paper towel before using it to dice tomatoes for a vegetables salad. - After transferring raw hamburger patties from a plate to a hot grill, jewel leaves the plate nearby so she does not have to find a clean dish when the patties are done cooking.

which source of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals?

-hamburger -raspberries -eggs -chicken raspberries

which of the following organ is an accessory organ of the digestive system?

-heart -tongue -bladder -spleen tongue

List three roles for subcutaneous fat and visceral fat.

-helps insulate body against cold temperatures, -protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises -body contours

foods that may cause choking include

-hotdogs cut into coin shapes -candy -whole nuts -grapes -raw carrots -popcorn -peanut butter -coarsely cut meats

factors that increase and decrease basal metabolism

-muscle mass (Increase) -body surface (increase) -gender male(increases) female (increases) -body temp (increases) -thyroid hormone level -stress(increases) -stimulants (increase) -recent exercise (increase) -restricted calorie intake (increases) -aging after 30 (decreases)

Marconutrients

-nutrients required in grams per day -lipid (fat) -carbohydrates -energy yielding nutrients

ways to preserve food

-pasteurization, refrigeration, freezing, canning, irradiation, additives and aseptic processing. -sealed boxes of sterile foods and beverages, such as milk or juices - fermentation -salting

in the US, the primary cause of preventable cancer death is

-physical activity -tobacco use -high fat diet -excessive alcohol intake tobacco use

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

a federal program that provides vouchers to the poor to help them buy food- aka food stamp program

a testimonial is

a personal endorsement of a product

irritable bowel syndrome

abdominal cramps, loose mucus in stools

a salt forms when an ________ combines with a ______.

acid ; base

traditional beilef

anecdote

nutritional standards, such as the RDAs are not ____.

basis for developing AIs

factors that influence metabolic rate

body composition, thyroid level, sex, body surface area, age, calorie intake, fever, stimulants, pregnancy, milk production after childbirth and recovery after exercise

negative energy balance occurs when

body needs more calories than the diet supplies

during glycolysis, the body __________

breaks down 1 glucose molecule to form 2 pyruvate molcules

large amount of visceral fat that spreads beyond buttocks and thighs

central body obesity

there are over 100 types of atoms, each one is an _________ a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical means.

element

TEF (thermic effect of food)

energy used to digest foods and beverages as well as process macronutrients which is around 10-15%

conventional wisdom

facts observed over the course of an experiment

Amy is studying quietly. Under these conditions, her muscles are using primarily ______ for energy.

fat

the primary nutrient that bile helps digest is

fat

Cholesterol is

found in only animal foods

a healthy snack that is not a rich source added sugars is _______, peanuts, or plain yogurt.

fresh fruit

which of the following foods would be classified as a source of empty calories by myplate?

grape jelly

the exchange system

has exchange lists based on macronutrient contents

which of the following factors is associated with increased risk of obesity during childhood?

having a family history of obesity

overweight

having extra body weight that is contributed by bode, muscle, body fat/ or body water.

human cells release much of the energy stored in carbohydrates, fats and amino acids as

heat

examples of physiological processes or health condition that increases or decreases as human age

increases : -heartburn and constipation -hardening of arteries decreases : -saliva production -brain weight -cardiac output -activity of bone forming cells -thyroid hormone production -kidney cell function

carbohydrates loading_____

involves manipulating dietary patterns and physical activities prior to an endurance event.

Aerobic activities

involves sustained, rhythmic contractions of certain larger skeletal muscles

tissue

is a group of similar cells that perform similar functions

Glucose

is a primary fuel for muscles and other cells

Caffiene

is a stimulant, is the most widely used ergogenic aid in the world

An essential nutrient

is one that must be provided by the diet.

pasteurization (drinks)

is the common heating process that destroys harmful bacteria in milk and fruit juices

Deamination

is the process of removing nitrogen from an amino acids

experience

knowledge or skill that comes from having done certain things.

which of the following substances is an intestinal enzyme that breaks down lactose?

lactase

red lentils are a type of _______

legume

is a hormone that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body

leptin

a lacteal is

lymph vessel within each villus

the first step of the scientific method usually involves ___________

making observations

why do fad diets and dietary supplements promoted for weight loss appeal to overfat people

many overweight/obese people are attracted because they believe promoters claims that the diets or products are "magic bullets" for shedding unwanted weight quickly and effortlessly

megadoses of vitamins

may be toxic

phytochemicals

may have healthful benefits

major source of vitamin B12 include _________

meat and milk products

which of the following substances would be classified as a dietary supplement according to the dietary supplement health and education act of 1994

melatonin

body's rate of energy use a few hours after resting and eating

metabolism

refers to all the chemical processes that occur in living cells.

metabolism

basal metabolism

minimal amount of calories expended in a fasting state to keep a resting, awake body alive in a warm, quiet environment

2 or more atoms that are held together by a chemical reaction bond form a

molecule

body's fat content is genetically predetermined. Set point acts like a home thermostat, except that it regulates body weight instead of temperature.

set point theory

people who follow jewish dietary rules will not consume..

shellfish

failure to consume adequate amounts of nutrients can lead to noticeable and measurable physical changes that are __________ of deficiency disease

signs

which of the following websites is most likely to provide biased and unreliable information?

site that promotes or sells dietary supplements (.com)

the primary site of triglyceride digestion and absorption is the ___________.

small intestine

which of the following practices increases the risks of peptic ulcer?

smoking cigarettes

the churning movements of the_________ help mix food with gastric juice

stomach

What is the best way to store eggs to reduce the potential for food borne illnesses?

store eggs in their original carton in the refrigerator.

the main environmental factors that affect microorganism growth include chemical inhibitors, oxygen, pH, nutrients, moisture and ______

temperature

a personal endorsement of a product

testimonial

the usual pattern of foods that you choose to eat is referred to as your

the foods that you eat contain nutrients, chemicals that are necessary for proper body functioning

federal trade commision

the governments agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the FTC

Metabolism

the making of proteins, generation of energy, and disposal of waste are all chemical processes that in total are referred to as your _____

What is denaturation?

the removal of the nitrogen containing group from an amino acid

miranda is physically fit. she has....

the strength, endurance, and flexibility to meet the demands of daily living.

enriched grain products have specific amounts of _______ added during processing.

thiamin

a healthy infant who weighs 8.2 pounds at birth can be expected to weight _________ pounds by her first birthday

to figure this out multiply by 3 which is 24.6

food pathogen danger zone

to grow and reproduce, microbes require nutrients, water, and warmth. MOst pathogens grow best in danger zone range of 40-140*F

which of the following foods is high carbohydrate and low fat?

toast spread with strawberry jam

the ______ is involved in the taste of food and facilitates swallowing.

tongue

which of the following conditions is associated with eating certain dietary carbohydrates, especially sticky sugars?

tooth decay

Dual Energy Xray Absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA)

uses multiple low energy x rays to scan entire body.

diet is _____.

usual pattern of food choices

a __________ physical activity general requires high degree of exertion

vigorous

tiny, fingerlike projections of the small intestine that absorb nutrients

villi

another potential source of foodborne illnesses are __________, which are pieces of genetic material coated with protein

viruses

___________ fat deposits are in the omentum, which is under the abdominal muscles

visceral

during pregnancy, excess _______ intake is known to be teratogenic

vitamin A

people who are unable to absorb fat are likely to develop a _______ deficiency

vitamin A

guavas are an excellent source of

vitamin C

___________ is a type of resistance training that strengthens major muscle groups in the upper and lower body

weight lifting

community dietitian

works in public health care settings or private practice settings

the most common microorganisms causing food spoilage are bacteria, ____________

yeasts, and molds

during the first trimester, a pregnant woman's daily energy requirement is _________ her daily energy needs before she became pregnant

about the same as

in 2014, the typical diet of americans who were 2 years of age and older EXCEEDED recommendations amounts

added sugar, solid fat, meat and sodium.

___________ cells are specialized to store fat

adipose cells

participating in exercise that involves sustained, rhythmic contractions of large muscle groups is called ______

aerobic exercise

assesses volume of a person's body which can be used to calculate body composition

air displacement

Insulin

allows cell to take in glucose

what is the chemical units that makes up a protein

amino acid

retrospective cohort study

an analytical epidemiology study where the cohort represents historical a historical cohort assembled using available data sources

Above 100* C (212*F) most bacteria are _________

are destroyed

Phospolipids

are partially water soluble

a diet is likely to be safe and nutritionally adequate if _________.

average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA or AI values

people with celiac disease should _____.

avoid foods that contains gluten

when you travel to countries outside of US, you can reduce your risk of traveler's diarrhea by ________

avoiding water that has not been bottled and sealed

salmonella and E. coli are types of ....

bacteria

unpasteurized or raw milk should not be fed to children as it may be contaminated with ________

bacteria and viruses

body mass index (BMI) is

based on a relationship between weight and risk of chronic disease.

basal metabolism includes energy needs for _________

breathing and circulating blood

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

burning pain in the upper chest area

kimchi is a korean food that is often made with _____, cucumbers, or radishes

cabbages

generally, epidemiology studies _____

cannot determine cause and effect relationships

know the metrics for nutrition

carbohydrates = 4 kcal/gram protein= 4 kcal/gram fat= 9 kcal/gram alcohol= 7 kcal/ gram

comparing individuals with type 2 diabetes to individuals who have very similar characteristics but are healthy would be an example of _________ study.

case-control

Jeniffer is not aware that she has type 2 diabetes. her blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because her _________.

cells do not respond to insulin (type 2 diabetes)

studying nutrition means you must also have an understanding of _______, the study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that occur to matter

chemistry

regular physical activity improves health in several ways:

decreases : stress, colon cancer risk, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, blood pressure, risk of type 2 diabetes, and premature death. Increases : self-image, muscle mass, strength, flexibility, balance, bone strength, and cardiovascular function

peptic ulcers

deep, dull upper abdominal pain

which of the following actions has been proposed to help solve environmental problems created by conventional agriculture methods?

developing ways to use irrigation systems more effectively

Daily Values are

dietary standards developed for food-labeling purposes

skipping breakfast regularly is a sign of ___________ eating NOT _________

disordered ; eating disorder

high pressure inside the large intestine during bowel movements can cause small pouches called_________ to protrude through the intestinal wall.

diverticula

When these pouches are painfully inflames, the condition is known as _____

diverticulitis

members of the national weight control registry tend to _____________

eat meals regularly including breakfast

the energy value of a food in relation to its total weight defines how _____ a food is

energy- dense

Goiter

enlarged thyroid gland

an aspect of ______ involves studying causes of health problems in a population

epidemiology

thermic effect

estimate of the energy needed to digest food, and absorb and further process the nutrients recently consumed

researchers design an __________ to test whether taking high dose of thiamine repel mosquitoes.

experiment

which of the following substances is insoluble in water

fat

a servings of food supplies 12g carbohydrate, 5g protein, 7g fat and 50g water. which of the following statements is true about a serving of food?

fat provides almost 50% of total calories.

lentils are an excellent source of __________.

fiber

the embryo/fetus develops most of its organs during the _______

first trimester

the __________ is primary government agency that oversees the safety of most foods in the U.S

food and drug administration (FDA)

directs food systems services in hospitals, schools, etc.

food systems management dietitian

in 2014, the typical diet of americans who were 2 years of age and older did not provide recommended amounts

fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy foods.

foodborne illnesses can also be caused by simple life forms that live on dead or decaying organic matter; these are called

fungi

the monosaccharides include :

galactose, fructose, and glucose.

Bile is stored in the

gallbladder

people with BMIs of 30 or more have increased

gallbladder, pancreas, cervix, uterus, breast, colon, rectum, and kidney cancers.

the type of diabetes that may occur during pregnancy is called _______. women who have this condition are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes after giving birth.

gestational diabetes

stage 2 hypertension

greater than or equal to 140 /greater or equal to 90

Aflatoxins are (think molds)

harmful compounds produced by certain molds

many of the top leading causes of death in the united states are associated with certain dietary practices. what are the top two leading causes of death in the united states

heart disease and cancer

last august, damien experience heavy sweating, painful leg cramps and fatigue while exercising outdoors. based on this information, he probably had __________

heat cramps

peristalisis in the stomach

helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract

if excessive straining occurs during defecation, the anal vein can swell causing _________.

hemorrhoids

after being absorbed, many nutrients enter the ______ and travel to the ________.

hepatic portal vein ; liver

which of the following signs is associated with metabolic syndrome ?

high fasting blood pressure.

a food or beverage that contributes excessive amounts of unhealthy solid fat, added sugars, and/or alcohol to the diet is

high in empty calories

chemical messengers in the body are

hormones

the stomach secretes ___________.

hydrochloric acid

preeclampsia is a form of ______ that can develop during pregnancy

hypertension

constipation

infrequent or difficult to eliminate bowel movements

_________ is the hormone that helps glucose to enter cells

insulin

the major type of diabetes is characterized by

insulin resistance

Vitamin K can be produced by

intestinal bacteria

drinking green tea to lose weight

is an alternative health care practice.

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

is based on the average daily energy needs of a healthy person

insoluble fiber

is in whole grain products, including brown rice

Throughout her pregnancy, Dana had been experiencing heartburn. There are a few steps she can take to prevent heartburn or alleviate its discomfort. All of the following help prevent or lessen pain associated with heartburn EXCEPT

laying down after meals.

roles of leptin and ghrelin in regulating hunger

leptin: adipose cells secrete this hormone that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body. Ghrelin: stomach secretes this which stimulates eating behavior

breastfed infants are _____ than babies who are fed infant formula

less likely to have ear infections

alcohol metabolism is not influenced by a person's

level of caffeine consumption

bile is produced in the

liver

the _______ has many functions, including the storage of several nutrients and detoxification of many harmful substances.

liver

in the united states, which type of cancer is responsible for most cancer deaths in males and females?

lung

when atoms are bonded together, the resulting structure is called an ___________

molecule

Organisms that live in or on another living thing and get their nutrients from the host are called

parasites

non-nutrient compounds that are made by plants and may influence health are called

phytochemicals

replace soft drinks, sweet tea, and sugary commercial coffees with ______.

plain water

calorie intake is greater than calorie output

positive energy balance

homocysteine is an

possible marker for cardiovascular disease

the placenta cannot ________

prevent all toxic substances from reaching the embryo/fetus.

Fruit is generally a good source of all of the following substances, except

protein

the nutrients that provide energy are ______.

proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

thyroid hormone

raises a person's metabolic rate

which of the following foods is most likely to support the growth of pathogens?

raw grounded meat

experimental (intervention) study

reachers randomly divide a larger group of people into treatment and control group (those who do not get treatment)

recommended / not recommended child feeding practices

recommended : -"one-bite" rule -abstain from making children eat everything on their plate. nutritious snacking -children typically prefer bright, crisp, sweet, or mild-tasting fruits not recommended : -honey before 1 year of age because of botulism concerns -putting a child to bed with a bottle containing any carbohydrate-laden beverage to help avoid dental caries.

the amount of a nutrient that should meet the needs of almost all healthy people in a particular group is

recommended dietary allowance (RDA)

added sugars are a form of

refined carbohydrates

works in universities or clinics

research dietitian

body's rate of energy use a few hours after resting and eating

resting metabolic rate

a team of scientist conducts a survey of 1000 people who are between 60 and 75 years old to determine whether their past consumption of seafood may have influenced their current state of health. this is an example of :

retrospective

safe and unsafe sources of water during emergency

safe: -water in undamaged water heater -bottled water -water from melted ice cubes -water from tank of toilet unsafe: -water in swimming pool -toilet bowl water -water in car's radiator

solid fats generally have a high proportion of ______ fatty acids.

saturated

people who eat guavas can reduce their risk of ________.

scurvy

case-control study

study in which individuals who have a health condition are compared with individuals with similar characteristics who do not have the condition

double-blind study

study in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know if the subjects are in the control or experimental group

an antioxidant is

substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed

Antioxidants

substances that protect other compounds from being damaged or destroyed by certain environmental factors.

Disaccharides include

sucrose, maltose, lactose

_________ are a primary source of added sugars in american diets

sugar sweetened soft drinks

the ________ program enables eligible participants to use a special debit card to purchase food at authorized stores.

supplemental nutrition assistance.

deficiency disease can cause subjective health problems called _____, which may include headaches, dizziness , and fatigue.

symptoms

despite promises made in advertisements for weight loss products, there is no quick way to lose excess body fat and maintain a healthy reduced body weight. Reliable approaches to weight loss include all of the following except

taking dietary supplements that contain raspberry ketones and grapefruits extracts

the _________ mechanically break food into small pieces

teeth

chylomicron

transport lipids in the bloodstream

Lipoproteins

transport lipids into the bloodstream

researchers randomly divide 100 people into two groups, each of which have 50 subjects. the ______ group is given pills that contain a very high amount of thiamin. the control group is given similar tasting and appearing pills that do not contain thiamin

treatment

Fad diet

trendy diet that has widespread appeal among a population but after a period of time, people lose interest and it is no longer fashionable.

approximately 5% of diabetes cases are _______, formerly called juvenile onset diabetes

type 1 diabetes

the majority of americans with diabetes have _______, formerly called ______.

type 2 diabetes ; adult-onset diabetes

___________ relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water

underwater weighing

In addition to water and food intake, hydration is affected by a number of other factors. What other factors have a major influence on body water losses.

- altitude altitude -alcohol and sodium intake -humidity

a woman's pre pregnancy BMI is used to calculate how much weight she should gain. what are the ranges?

- low pre pregnancy BMI = 28-40 pounds -healthy pre pregnancy BMI = 25-35 -overweight pre pregnancy = 15-25 -obese when they became pregnant =11-20 pounds

steps of cellular respiration

1. Glucose is degraded to form pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. 2. Pyruvate moves from cytoplasm into mitochondria 3. under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is completely degraded, forming co2, h2o, and ATP. 4. Co2 is exhaled and h2o helps maintain body water volume.

body loses water daily. Know the water output mechanism from greatest to least contribution

1. Urine: accounts from 1500 ml output per day. 2. Insensible perspiration: accounts for 400 ml output per day. 3. Expired air: accounts for 300 ml output per day. 4. Feces: accounts for 200 ml output per day. 5. Sweat: accounts for 100 ml output per day

Overweight BMI

25-29.9

As race-day approaches, anthony wants to increase the percentage of total kilocalories in his diet from carbohydrates to increase his glycogen stores. If he consumes 2500 kcal/day are supplied by carbohydrates, how many grams of carbohydrate does he consume per day?

2500x60 = 1500/4= 375

Obese BMI

30-39.9

what percent of adult americans were obese in 2013-2014?

38%

severely obese

40

dietitians and pediatricians generally recommend that babies be breastfed exclusively for the first

6 months

freezing food is one way of preserving food. What does freezing do?

Freezing halts microbes ability to multiply

initially, which of the following types of exercise would be recommended of an obese person who is trying to lose weight safely?

Swimming

obesity

condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat.

subcutaneous

contains adipose cells but is in the omen

visceral fat

contains adipose cells but is in the omentum (under the abdomen muscles and over the intestines)

of the energy systems available for use by exercising muscles, which one allows cells to produce the most ATP?

The oxygen and energy system (amount of oxygen enables cells to produce about 18 times more ATP than the amount produced by anaerobic systems.)

the level of exertion you exhibit during an activity is referred to as the _______ of exercise, whereas the time you devote to the activity is its__________.

intensity ; duration

NEAT (nonexercise activity thermogenesis)

involuntary skeletal muscle activity or activity a person does not consciously control like fidgeting or shivering.

nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

is the increase in energy output triggered by shivering, fridgeting, and maintaining muscle tone and body posture.

cellulite

lumping appearing skins on thighs and buttocks of most women.

calorie intake is lower than calorie output

negative energy balance

Byron has an 8 month old baby. He tasted some of the baby's applesauces and decided it needed to be sweeter. He insist on using honey to sweeten the sauce. Explain why using honey to sweeten infant foods is or is not recommended.

not recommended because honey can contain botulism spores that can cause botulism in infants

placing semisolid baby cereal in a baby bottle that has a nipple opening enlarged contributes to

overfeeding

when sugar is mixed with water, equilibrium is reached when...

the dissolved sugar molecules are evenly distributed throughout the solution.

when using a meat thermometer, where is the best area to insert it for accurate readings?

thickest part of the muscle tissue, away from bone, fat, or gristle

BMI (body mass index)

tissue holds skin in place over underlying tissues such as muscles

a person with a BMI of 16.2 would be classified as __________

underweight

which of the following is a good source of protein and contains a lot of saturated fat?

-avocado -dry peas -cheese -peanuts cheese.

which of the following conditions is NOT one of the top leading causes of death in the US.

-cancer -kidney disease -heart disease -stroke kidney disease

health conditions that are often associated with being underweight

-cancer -tuberculosis -AIDS -inflammatory bowel disease -depression -hormonal imbalances

according to the myplate plan, which of the following foods is grouped with dairy products

-cheese -eggs -butter -cream cheese

examples of food security

-everyone in our household has access to food that keeps them healthy -we have a lot of medical expenses, but never so much that we don't have enough to purchase foods that are good for our health.

which of the following food preservation process effectively destroys microbes

-freezing -sterilization -smoking -chilling answer: sterilization

which of the following substances has the lowest pH?

-gastric juice -household ammonia -tomatoes -milk gastric juice

which of the following substances in a polysaccharide?

-glucose -glycogen -galactose -glucagon glycogen

Micronutrients

-vitamins -minerals -nutrients required in milligrams/micrograms per day -non energy yielding nutrients

in the US, common sources of food-borne pathogens?

-washing hands -keeping cold food cold, hot food hot -cook foods to proper internal temperatures.

plants need _______ to make carbohydrates?

-water -sunlight -carbon dioxide

the order in which the digestive organs and organ components function for digestion and absorption.

1. stomach 2. pyloric sphincter 3. duodenum 4. jejunum 5.lieum

a popular over the counter cold remedy suggest that megadoses of vitamin C will help prevent or minimize the effects of the common cold. the label on the package states that it contains 1000 mg of vitamin C. how many grams of vitamin C is the amount?

1000mg= 1 gram of vitamin C

obese women who are pregnant with 1 fetus should gain ______ pounds during pregnancy

11-20 pounds

elevated blood pressure

120/129

normal blood pressure

120/80

to convert from pounds to kg, divide pounds by _________.

2.2

a healthy body fat percentage for women is _________

23-31%

kiera is overweight and has a condition called prediabetes. to help her lose weight, she would like reliable advice from a healthcare professional who has specific knowledge of foods, nutrition, and diet therapies.

A registered dietitian who counsels patients in a hospital clinic

the dietary guidelines for americans is

A set of general nutrition related recommendations

________ is an immediate and direct source of energy for cells

ATP

clinical dietitian

An RD or RDN who works in a healthcare setting and provides nutritional care to patients; management skills are often required as part of the job

in cells, _______controls the assembly of amino acids into proteins

DNA

which of the following journals does not have peer-reviewed articles?

Men's Journal

a megadose is generally less than a physiological dose of a nutrient

FALSE

the _____ is a federal agency that tries to ensure the safety and effectiveness of health related products

FDA (food drug administration)

Diets that lack niacin can lead to

Pellagra

Children who lack vitamin D can develop

Rickets

the small, negatively charged particles that form a cloud surrounding the atom are called

electrons

when preparing foods for infants older than 6 months, candy, whole nuts, coarsely cut meats, raw carrots , popcorn, and peanut butter should be avoided as they can cause__________

choking

ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers affects the large intestine.

avoid introduction of honey until age one because raw honey may contain

clostridium botulinum spores

Most B-vitamins function as

coenzymes

underwater weighing

compares a person's weight on land to his weight submerged in a tank of water

irradiation of food is _________

considered to be safe processes by FDA

a low fiber diet can contribute to infrequent bowel movements, which is a condition called_______.

constipation

which of the the following practices has been scientifically shown to extend the life spans of certain flies and rodents?

consuming a calorie diet restricted diet

researchers analyze _____ about the number of mosquito bites people in each group receive.

data

systematic testing of a hypothesis

data

prospective cohort study

data are collected in the future from groups sharing common factors (called cohort)

chemical digestion begins in the ______.

mouth

a saturated fatty acid has ________

no double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain

the less common form of diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in

no pancreatic insulin

fasting blood glucose levels

normal 70-100 pre diabetes 100-125 diabetic 126-higher hypoglycemia below 70

in the US,_________ is responsible for most outbreaks of foodborne illnesses

norovirus

the central part of the atom, the ________, contains the positively charged particles called _________.

nucleus , protons

a food or beverage that contains more key beneficial nutrients in relation to its total calories is called an ______ food

nutrient - dense

the foods that you eat contain _________, chemicals that are necessary for proper body functioning

nutrients

researchers make a an _____________ that people who like to camp take megadoses of thiamin to repel mosquitoes

observation

type 2 diabetes is

often associated with excess body weight

to obtain energy under aerobic conditions cell need :

oxygen

the ________ produces and secretes digestive enzymes

pancreas

bicarbonate, which is secreted by the ________, is a base that neutralizes the acidity of chyme in the _________.

pancreas ; small intestine

in people with type 1 diabetes who are not being treated for the condition, blood sugar levels remain high for several hours after eating a meal because their _______.

pancreas does not make and release insulin

any microbe that can cause diseases is a ________

pathogen

______________ are disease-causing microbes

pathogens

which of the following information is NOT provided by the nutrition facts panel?

percentage of calories from alcohol

what happens to a person's body weight when he/she is in a state of positive energy balance

person GAINS weight

which of the following substances are NOT direct food additives?

pesticide residue.

the act of making your body engage in movement that results from skeletal muscle contraction is called

physical activity

your ability to engage in moderate to vigorous- intensity activities without becoming excessively fatigues determines your level of

physical fitness

a fake treatment is an

placebo

according to the dietary supplement health and education act of 1994 (DSHEA), dietary supplements include_____

-tobacco -herbal or botanical products -vitamin or mineral pills

health problems that are more likely to affect an obese child than a child whose weight is in the healthy BMI for age range

-type 2 diabetes -hip and knee pain -delayed puberty -sleep apnea

Polysaccharides include

-starch -cellulose -glycogen

older adults often need help in obtaining well balanced, nutritious diets. some practical ways of improving intakes of older adults are _______

- to reduce the likelihood of constipation, older adults should consume adequate amounts of water, including nutritious fluids such as soups and juices. -most older adults prefer to have few distractions while they eat, so their meals should be served and eaten in quiet, isolated settings

types of eating disorders and their signs

-Anorexia nervosa (AN)= severely restricted food intake and maintenance of an unhealthy low body weight. -bulimia nervosa (BN)= bite marks, scar on knuckles that result from self induced vomiting -binge-eating disorder (BED)= consuming large amounts of food than most people would eat under similar circumstances in a brief period of time

examples of food insecurity

-im on a fixed income and sometimes I have to choose purchasing medicine over food. -we always have enough money for food at the beginning of the month but by the end of the month we don't have any for food.

which of the following characteristics is not associated with normal aging processes?

-increased risk for blood clots -increased brain weight -reduced saliva production -reduced immunity to infections and diseases increased brain weight is NOT associated with normal aging process

which of the following substances is a disaccharide?

-maltose -starch -galactose -glycogen maltose

which of the following is the most nutrient dense?

-potato chips -broccoli -butter -ice cream Broccoli is the most nutrient- dense

foods high in sodium

-processed foods -canned foods -packages deli meats, natural/processed cheeses -canned soups and vegetables -canned tomato juice

Features of fad diets

-promote rapid weight loss without calorie restriction or increased physical activity -limit food selections to be from only a few food groups and dictate specific diet rituals -require buying a book or other gimmick -use outlandish and unscientific claims to support their usefulness - rely on testimonials from people

badih is a devout follower of islam. therefore he will not consume

-red meat -beer -enriched grains -coffee Beer

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

-safeguard the health of low income women, infants, children up to age 5 who are at nutritional risk by providing nutritious foods to supplement diets, information on healthy eating and referrals to health care. -pregnant, breastfeeding ad postpartum women, infants up to 1 year of age, and children up to 5 years of age are eligible.

examples of foods that are nutrient and energy dense and source of healthy fats

-snacks of avocado and nuts -peanuts butter and banana sandwich -smoothie with yogurts and wheat germ and orange juice

intentional foods additives are:

-soy lecithin -artificial flavoring -sodium nitrate -polysorbates