Nutrition Final
A _______ physical activity generally requires a high degree of exertion. A. vigorous B. basic C. moderate D. precise
A
a protein _________ A. is comprised of glucose molecules B. provides the same amount of energy per gram as a carbohydrate C. has fatty acids in its chemical structure D. is a complex inorganic molecule.
B
_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time. A. liposuction B. bariatric surgery C. stomachectomy D. colonoscopy
B
_______ fat deposits are in the omentum, which is under the abdominal muscles. A. subcutaneous B. visceral C. cellulite D. bulimic
B
_______ is a hormone that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body. A. coumadin B. leptin C. chrelin D. dexadrin
B
_______ relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water. A. bioelectrical impendance B. underwater weighing C. direct calorimetry D. air displacement
B
Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E? A. sunflower oil B. sunflower seeds C. ground beef D. whole grains
C
Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate food for an athlete? A. sausage pizza B. fried chicken breast C. pasta with resh vegetables D. cheese sticks
C
Which of the following statements is false? A. certain hormones ar eproteins. B. nearly all enzymes are proteins. C. proteins are part of triglycerides D. the body uses amino acids to make antibodies
C
enriched grain products have specific amounts o __________ added during processing. A. vitamin C B. vitamin A C. vitamin b-12 d. thaimin
D
extracellular water _________ A. is within the nucleus and the DNa B. provides cellular energy C. is within cells D. includes plasma and tissue fluid
D
in the US, table salt is often fortified with _________. A. iron B. selenium C. potassium D. iodine
D
A new weight loss program includes recommendations that are likely to be unsafe and not result in long-term weight loss and maintenance. Which of the following recommendations is a component of this particular weight loss program? A. The person only eats foods that begin with the letters R, K, and M. B. The person finds ways to incorporate more physical activity into his or her daily routine. C. The person measures his or her waistline weekly. D. The person keeps a daily food intake record to identify "problem foods."
A
A scientist isolates a water-soluble compound from spider venom. The substance has nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in its chemical structure. Based on this information, the compound is probably a ________. A. protein B. triglycerid C. Polysaccharide D. mineral salt
A
According to "wear and tear" theories of aging, A. longevity results when the body continues to repair the damage that occurs from a lifetime of exposures and experiences. B. the bodies of people who exercise regularly do not wear out as quickly as the bodies of less physically active people. c. longevity results when a person does not wear out his or her digestive system by eating too much food. D. the muscles of people who exercise vigorously on a regular basis experience tiny tears that stimulate the immune system, which helps maintain overall good health.
A
According to the Nutrition Facts panel on a can of beans, one serving of the legumes supplies 6 g of protein. The DV for protein is 50 g. Estimate the %DV for protein in a serving of the beans. A. 12% B. 300% C. 8.3% D. cannot b determined by information given
A
After a tornado outbreak, Marie's house was damaged and her neighborhood experienced a power outage that lasted three days. Which of the following steps should she take to avoid food-borne illness during the loss of electricity? A. Do not eat raw or cooked foods that have been at room temperature for more than 2 hours B. Use a charcoal grill to cook foods to their proper internal temperatures in her kitchen C. Use water from a swimming pool or her car's radiator to wash her hands and dishes D. Serve foods from dented or bulging cans first
A
After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you would expect to notice _____ as a sign of her purging behavior. A. sores on her knuckles B. cuts on her forehead C. bruises on her cheeks D. scar tissue in her kidneys
A
Amy is studying quietly. Under these conditions, her muscles are using primarily _______ for energy. A. fat B. glucose C. amino acids D. ketone bodies
A
An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ________. A. nigh blindness B. headaches C. hair loss D. swollen tongue
A
Basal metabolism includes energy needs for _______. A. breathing and circulating blood B. performing physical activity C. digesting food D. absorbing nutrients
A
Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly. A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 90
A
Caffeine _______. A. is the most widely used ergogenic aid in the world B. reduces the level of fatty acids in blood C. is nonaddictive D. decreases mental alertness
A
Carey skips breakfast and eats only organic foods. Before exams, she avoids eating anything that is "alive" or "had a face" while it was alive. Her BMI is 21.6 and she seems to be healthy. Based on this information, Carey is at risk of developing ________. A. an eating disorder B. diabulimia C. muscle dysmorphia D. the female athlete triad
A
Conditions associated with the female athlete triad include ________. A. reduced bone mineral density B. cystic fibrosis C. premenopausal -olycustic syndrome D. hyperthermia
A
Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________. A. decrease her usual daily energy intake B. decrease her physical activity C. increase her daily vitamin D intake D. increase her essential fatty acid intae
A
Consuming a high-sodium diet can increase the risk of ________. A. hypertension B. cystic fibrosis C. liver cancr D. osteomalacia
A
Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________. A. dehydration B. coronary artery disease C. arthritis D. stroke
A
Dehydration can cause ________. A. death B. diabetes C. hypoglycemia D. cirrhosis
A
Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program ________. A. includes regular physical activity B. limits her energy intake to no more than 800 kcal/day C. reduces her metabolic rate by 20% D. requires dietary supplements that contain vitamins, minerals, and ephedra
A
Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in _________. A. deposition of calcium in soft tissues B. increased blood clot formation C. megaloblastic anemica D. no particular health problems, because the vitamin is rapidly exceted in urine
A
Females involved in competitive sports, especially _____, are at risk of the female athlete triad. A. gymnastics B. soccr C. softball D. lacrosse
A
Harold grows apple trees on his small farm. He practices organic farming methods, so he does not use pesticides. This fall, he would like to make minimally-processed organic apple juice that does not contain preservatives. He wants to sell the beverage at the local farmer's market. Based on this information, Harold should _____ before bottling the juice to make it safe for consumers. A. pasteurize the juice B. add BHA to the juice C. chill the juice for 24 hours D. ferment the juice
A
High intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects. This is an example of ________. A. nutrigenomics B. nutrigenetics C. nutrifanatics D. nutripronomics
A
In the United States, newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____. A. vitamin K; bleeding B. vitamin C; collagen breakdown C. niacin; pellagra D. thiamin; beriberi
A
_____ are vermin that often transmit pathogens to food. A. bird B. cockroaches C. snakes D. spiders
B
In the human body, water is involved in ________. A. transporting substances B. providing energy to fuel cellular activity C. protecting polyunsaturated fatty acidsf rom fre radican damage D. alcohol digestion
A
Jason is a college football player who works out for 60 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week. He weighs 230 pounds, and his BMI is 23.7. According to this information, Jason ________. A. has more lean than fat tissue B. is overweight C. is obese D. has the athletic sports triad
A
Mario is a 7-year-old boy whose BMI-for-age is in the 75th percentile. According to this information, Mario's weight is ________. A. healthy for his age B. in the obese range C. too low for his age D. in the overweight category
A
Mariyah loves leafy green salads, so which of the following items should she add to the salads to increase their calcium content? A. raw, shredded bok choy B. cooked chicken strips C. shredded red cabbage D. raw apple slices
A
Megadoses of ____ may be used to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol levels. A. niacin B. thiamin C. vitamin K D. biotin
A
Negative energy balance occurs when _______. A. the body needs more calories than the diet supplies B. fat storage in the body increases C. energy intake is higher than energy output D. the thermic effect of food equals NEAT
A
Physical fitness may be defined as the ability to ________. A. perform moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity for a reasonable amount of time without becoming excessively tired B. move joints beyond their normal range of motion C. maintain maximum heart rate for 10 minutes, without warming up D. engage in high-intensity workouts by reaching one's maximum heart rate within 5 minutes of beginning the exertion
A
Preeclampsia is a form of _______ that can develop during pregnancy. A. hypertension B. diabetes C. cancer D. anemia
A
Pregnant women who develop gestational diabetes are more likely to give birth to ______ infants than pregnant women who do not have this condition. A. high-birth-weight B. low-birth-weight C. term D. anemic
A
Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging. A. saliva production B. heartburn C. bruising D. vulnerability to infections
A
The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg, for young men and women, respectively. Based on this information, iron is a ____ mineral. A. trace B. conditionally essential C. major D. possible essential
A
The USDA recommends that a beef steak be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________. A. 145ºF B. 155ºF C. 165ºF D. 175ºF
A
The _____ is based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat. A. body madd index B. waist/hip variable C. adjusted adiposity factor D. VO2 max
A
The _______ is the primary government agency that oversees the safety of most foods in the United States. A. FDA B. ARS C. CDC D. EPA
A
What is physical activity? A. Movement that results from contracting skeletal muscles. B. Movement that results from any muscular contraction. C. Muscular activity that is planned and conducted for improving health. D. Muscular activity of vital organs, especially the heart and lungs.
A
Which o the following foods generally provides the least amount of protein per serving? A. fruit B. milk C. nuts D. seeds
A
Which of the following activities is an aspect of basal metabolism? A. building bone tissue B. digesting starches and sugars C. maintinaing an upright posture D. watching tv
A
Which of the following conditions is often associated with the abuse of anabolic steroids? A. bloody liver cysts B. low blood pressure C. urinary tract infections D. macular degeration
A
Which of the following factors is associated with increased risk of obesity during childhood? A. Having a family history of obesity B. Eating three to five servings of fresh fruit daily C. Being a full-term infant D. Taking dietary supplements that contain zinc and vitamin C
A
Which of the following features is a characteristic of a physically fit person? A. flexibility B. self-esteem C. high maximum heart rate D. interest in sports
A
Which of the following foods are legumes? A. peanuts B. potatoes C. onions D. mushrooms
A
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K? A. green leafy vegetables. B. butter C. processed poultry products D. citrus fruits
A
Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein? A. tuna fish B. corn oil margarine C. leaf lettuce D. red grapes
A
Which of the following foods is not a good source of thiamin? A. whole milk B. pork chops C. bread made from enriched wheat flour D. wheat germ
A
Which of the following foods is often recommended as the first solid food for infants? A. Baby cereal B. Green beans C. Fresh apricots D. Oatmeal cookies
A
Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion? A. parathyroid hormone B. glucagon C. antidiuretic hormone D. insulin
A
Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance? A. potassium B. iron C. fluoride D. copper
A
Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral? A. zinc B. calcium C. phosphorus D. potassium
A
Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most fat? A. walking for an hour B. running for two hours C. hard cycling fo 1 hour D. performing 200 meter hurdles during competition
A
"Cellulite" is ________. A. a special type of muscle tissue that is stored in thighs and buttocks of women B. subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance C. visceral fat that has migrated from the abdomen to thighs and buttocks D. fat that can be removed by mechanical massage or melted by hot laser therap
B
Which of the following statements is true? A. safety standards for bottled water are similar to those for tap water. B. most brands of water bottled in the US contains unsafe amounts of arsenic and lead C. the EPA inspects and certifies water bottling facilities at least 3 times per year. D. the majority of americans should drink bottled water because water from municipal systems is unsafe.
A
Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas? A. Antibodies B. Lipids C. Lactose D. Iron
A
You have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea when you visit ________. A. Mexico City, Mexico B. Los Angeles, California C. Montreal, Canada D. Tokyo, Japan
A
____ infection is the most common food-borne illness in the United States. A. norovirus B. hepatitis A C. influenza D. rotavius
A
_____ is a direct (intentional) food additive. A .FD&C Red No. 40 B. Rodent hair C. Glass D. Sand
A
_______ are disease-causing microbes. A. pathogens B. toxins C. teratogens D. oxidants
A
an amino acid does not contain a(an) _________ A. fatty acid B. acid group C. nitrogen-containing group D. carbon skeleton
A
during pregnancy, excess __________ intake is known to be teratogenic A. vitamin A B. biotin C. vitamin K D. folate
A
people who are unable to absorb fat are likely to develop a ________ deficiency. A. vitamin A B. folate C. vitamin B-12 D. riboflavin
A
to reduce the likelihood of giving birth to babies with neural tube defects, women of childbearing age should obtain adequate __________ A. folate B. biotin C. cellulose D. niacin
A
what is the RDA for protein of a healthy adult woman who weights 62 kg? A. 49.6 g B. 59.6 g C. 69.6 g D. 79.6 g
A
which o the following tips is a recommended way to reduce food costs? A. buying food in bulk, if it can be used before spoiling B. urchasing preportioned, packaged foods C. shopping at convenience stores, if the stores are within 5 miles of your home D. eating at fast food outlets at least three times a week.
A
which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium? A. butter B. american cheese C. canned sardines D. kale
A
which of the following foods is not a rich source of provitamin A? A. beef B. carrots C. squash D. sweet potato
A
which of the following foods is not a source of complete protein? A. peanut butter B. cheese C. fish D. eggs
A
which of the following populations has the highest risk of hypertension? A. people with african-american ancestry B. young, physically active asian men C. hispanic women who do not drink alcohol D. young adults who consume high amounts o fruit
A
which of the following practices may reduce your risk of cancer? A. eating fruits and vegetables. B. eating grilled meats regularly C. smoking no more than 10 cigarettes daily D. consuming two to three standard alcoholic drinks daily
A
A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells. A. B-6 B. A C. B-12 D. K
B
A farmer in Iowa wants to control crop pests by using integrated pest management techniques. Based on this information, the farmer will use ________. A. EPA-approved herbicides B. viruses that attack a variety of weeds C. rodenticides that contain arsenic and warfarin D. fungicides that control the spread of molds
B
A healthy body fat percentage for women is _______. A. 3-10% B. 23-31% C. 32-37% D. 40-50%
B
A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products, but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread. He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron deficiency anemia. Based on this information, the man probably has ____ deficiency. A. folate B. zinc C. vitamin K D. acetyl-CoA
B
According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young adults is approximately _____ cups/day. A. 4-6.5 B. 11-15.5 C. 18-20.5 D. 22-25.5
B
Aflatoxins are _______. A. responsible for 30% of food-borne illnesses in the United States B. harmful compounds produced by certain molds C. a type of parasitic worm D. medications that are effective against viral toxins
B
Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary ________. A. water excretion B. water conservation C. sodium elimination D. iron metabolsim
B
An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program ________. A. relies on resistance training B. gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities C. should be performed once a week to avoid boredom D. should be performed for at least 90 minutes daily to be effective
B
Blake is a college student whose diet consists primarily of refined white bread, chicken, meat, cheese, yogurt, and milk. Furthermore, he doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Blake has a high risk of developing _________. A. beriberi B. scurvy C. pellagra D. neural tube defects
B
Body mass index (BMI) is _______. A. a standard used to calculate a person's body fat percentage B. based on a relationship between weight and risk of chronic disease C. gradually being replaced by more reliable height/weight tables D. a chart used to predict one's caloric intake
B
By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of ________. A. berberi B. cardiovascular disease C. pernicious anemia d. hemochromatosis
B
Calcitonin ________. A. increases the body's rate of potassium excretion B. signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from the blood C. enables glucose to enter cells D. enhances bone tissue loss
B
Carbohydrate loading _______. A. provides a competitive edge for award-winning sprinters, bodybuilders, and weight lifters. B. involves manipulating dietary patterns and physical activities prior to an endurance event. C. often results in short-term weight loss and positive energy balance. D. is generally recommended for long-term weight control for athletes.
B
Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants. A. soy-based formulas B. semisolid food in a baby bottle C. rice cereal D. formulas containing lactose or DHA
B
Children who lack vitamin D can develop __________ A. pellagra B. ricets C. beriberi D. scurvy
B
Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend? A. iron supplements B. vitamin B-12 injections C. vitamin C supplements D. a vegan diet
B
During her first pregnancy, Britt was unable to stop smoking. Based on this information, her baby has a ________. A. low risk of SIDS B. high risk of becoming an obese child C. low risk of asthma D. high risk of megaloblastic anemia
B
During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce ________. A. prolactin B. colostrum C. oxytocin D. estrogen
B
During the first trimester, a pregnant woman's daily energy requirement is _______ her daily energy needs before she became pregnant. A. 300 kcal lower than Bl about the same as C. 300 cal higher than D. 500 kcal higher than
B
In cells, ________ controls the assembly of amino acids into proteins. A. PEU B. DNA C. IOM D. ATP
B
In the United States, _____ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency. A. selenium B. iron C. calcium D. magnesium
B
In the United States, the practice of fortifying _____ with iodide has reduced the risk of goiter. A. oatmeal products B. table salt. C. soft drinks D. processed vegetables
B
Including exercise in your daily routine can reduce your risk of ________. A. osteoarthritis B. certain cancers C. inflammatory bowel disease D. rickets
B
Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain ________. A. high fructose corn syrup B. Clostridium botulinum spores C. aflatoxins D. aspartame
B
Iodine is necessary for ________. A. carrying oxygen in blood b. maintaining normal thyroid function C. transporting proteins in lymph D. producing properly formed collagen
B
Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he ________. A. thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator B. wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables C. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the refrigerator and then throws out the marinade D. keeps the pie chilled before serving it
B
Michelle's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, static stretching, cycling, and push-ups. Which of these activities is generally classified as a flexibility exercise? A. stair stepping B. static stretching C. cycling d. push-ups
B
Miranda is physically fit. She has _______. A. an increased risk of osteoporosis B. the strength, endurance, and flexibility to meet the demands of daily living C. a greater need for vitamins and minerals than other women D. no need to exercise regularly
B
Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they ________. A. lose the let-down reflex B. can sit up with some back support c. have most of their primary teeth D. develop the swallowing reflux
B
Of the following foods, which is the best source of essential amino acids? A. leaf lettuce B. sunflower seeds C. grape juice D. oat flakes
B
Pathogens ________. A. cause oxidation of nutrients B. are disease-causing agents C. damage DNA D. protect cells from free radical destruction
B
Routine vitamin C supplementation _________. A. prevents common colds among the general population B. may reduce the duration of cold syptoms by a day or so C. prevents Alzheimer's disease D. may reduce the ris of kidney stones
B
The complete oxidation of glucose releases energy and results in the formation of ________. A. iron oxide and glycogen B. carbon dioxide and water C. sodium acetate and methane D. sodium hydroxide and calcium citrate
B
The embryo/fetus develops most of its organs during the _______. A. preconception period B. first trimester C. second trimester C. third trimester
B
The process of pasteurization involves the use of ________. A. radiation to destroy pathogens B. heat to kill pathogens C. pressure to immobilize pathogens D. chemicals to denature pathogens
B
The typical American eats more protein from _____ than he or she did in the early 1900s. A. fruits B. meat C. grains D. vegetables
B
To obtain energy under aerobic conditions, cells need _______. A. ribose B. oxygen C. methoinine D. alanine
B
When you travel to countries outside the United States, you can reduce your risk of "travelers' diarrhea" by _______. A. eating whole fresh fruits and vegetables B. avoiding water that has not been bottled and sealed C. purchasing foods from street vendors D. consuming ice with beverages
B
Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic? A. stretching B. cycling C. gardening D. playing gold
B
Which of the following amino acids is a dietary essential? A. alanin B. phenylalanine C. aspartic acid D. homocysteine
B
Which of the following characteristics is a risk factor for hypertension? A. underweight B. cigarette smoking C. asian ancestry D. high-potassium diet
B
Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate? A. producing milk to breastfeed a baby B. having a lower tha normal level of thyroid hormone C. consuming essential fatty acids D. having a fever
B
Which of the following food preservation processes effectively destroys microbes? A. freezing B. sterilization C. smoking D. chiling
B
Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids? A. cashew nuts B. red cabbage C. fat-free milk D. sunflower seeds
B
Which of the following foods is the richest source of bioavailable calcium per one cup serving? A. spinach B. plain yogut C. cottage cheeese D. tomato juice
B
Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most carbohydrate? A. jogging for 30 minutes B. hard cycling for 1 hour A. walking fo 1 hour D. lifting weight for 30 minutes
B
Which of the following practices is the most reliable way of sanitizing impure water? A. freezing and thawing the water B. Boiling the water C. Adding salt to the water D. Shaking the water vigorously for 1 minute
B
Which of the following safety steps should you take if your home experiences a loss of electricity that lasts for several days? A. Eat raw or cooked foods that have been stored in the refrigerator B. Cook foods and boil water on a charcoal grill that is outdoors C. Use water from a swimming pool or your car's radiator to wash your hands and dishes D. Serve foods from dented or bulging cans first
B
Which of the following statements is true? A. Resistance exercises do not help build bone mass. B. Sedentary activities do not require much energy to perform. C. Anaerobic energy systems need large quantities of oxygen to produce ATP. D. All of the choices are correct.
B
Which of the following statements is true? A. Women generally have higher metabolic rates than men. B. Thyroid hormone levels influence BMR. C. A person who has more muscle mass will have a lower BMR than someone with less muscle tissue. D. When a person has a fever, his or her BMR drops below normal.
B
Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system? A. Alanine B. DHA C. Trans fat D. EDTA
B
While at a garage sale, Jenna purchased a set of used plastic baby bottles. She noticed the symbol "7" in a triangle on the bottom of the bottles. What would you tell her concerning the use of these bottles to feed her baby? A. the symbol 7 in a traingle means the bottles have been approved for daily use by the EPA B. these bottles should not be used because they probably contain bisphenol A C. these bottles are not safe to use, unless they are washed and dried in a dishwasher before illing them with formula D. jenna should fill these bottles with formula and heat them in a microwave oven before feeding her baby
B
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? A. the body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins B. in general, excesses of fat soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins C. the body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins D. in general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins
B
Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. Near the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of feeling sleepy and having nausea. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from ________. A. brain cancer b. water intoxication C. heat cramps D. kidney failure
B
if the extracellular fluid has an excess of sodium ions, __________. A. sodium ions move into cells B. intracellular fluid moves to the outside of cells. C. phosphate and calcium ion are eliminmated in feces D. blood levels of arsenic and oxalate increase
B
lack of vitamin __________ causes scurvy. A. A B. C C. D D. K
B
maor food sources of vitamin B-12 include ________ A. enriched grian products. B. meat and milk products C. fruit and vegtables D. nuts and seeds
B
sources o ehem iron include __________ A. fortified grain products B. beef C. spinach D. cast-iron cookware
B
which of the following statements is false A. iodine is necessary for normal thyroid function B. the united states, milk is usually fortified with iodine. C. having too much or too little iodine in the diet can cause the thyroid gland to enlarge D. saltwater fish adn other seafood are sources of iodine
B
A 25-year-old woman is producing breast milk. She is in which life stage? A. Pregnancy B, Adolescence C. Lactation D. Older adult years
C
A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________. A. hyperglycemia B. celiac disease C. measles D. diabetes
C
A healthy infant who weighs 8.2 pounds at birth can be expected to weigh _______ pounds by his/her first birthday. A. 13.0 B. 16.4 C. 24.6 D. 19. 5
C
A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________. A. lying down after meals. B. eating foods that contain phenylalanine C. consuming foods that contain gluten D. taking dietary supplements that contain homocysteine
C
A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal. A. 1500 B. 2500 C. 3500 D. 4500
C
According to the "set-point theory," a person's ________. A. metabolic rate remains the same, regardless of environmental or physical factors B. body weight is influenced primarily by environmental factors C. body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter D. saturated fat intake strongly influences the rate at which he or she loses weight
C
Alex is a competitive endurance athlete who weighs 90 kg. He would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain his weight and glycogen stores during training. According to expert recommendations, he should consume _____ grams of carbohydrate daily while in training. A. 420 to 700 B. 480 to 800 C. 540 to 900 D. 580 to 1000
C
Alex is concerned about the safety of the bottled water he prefers to drink. Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his bottled water? A. EPA B. USDA C. FDA D. BPA
C
An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals. A. enzyme B. oncogene C. antioxidant D. ion
C
Bernice is a vegan. Which of the following foods does she eat to supply her diet with protein? A. eggs B. cheese C. legumes D. butter
C
Cells release much of the energy stored in macronutrients as ________. A. ATP B. creatine phosphate C. heat D. carbon dioxide
C
Deep yellow, dark green and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of ________. A. gelatin B. essential amino acids C. beta-carotene D. vitamin D
C
During a natural disaster, it is safe to drink the water from ________. A. car or truck radiators B. toilet bowls, if the bathrooms have not flooded C. melted ice cubes that are in the freezer D. swimming pools
C
During digestion, which of the following substances denatures the proteins in food? A. intrinsic factor B. mucus C. stomach acid D. amylase
C
During glycolysis, the body _______. A. converts two fatty acid molecules into one glucose molecule B. synthesizes one amino acid molecule from one carbon dioxide molecule and two oxygen molecules C. breaks down one glucose molecule to form two pyruvate molecules D. metabolizes fatty acids into carbon monoxide and peroxide
C
During pregnancy, edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if ________. A. the swelling is limited to the hands and feet B. morning sickness, heartburn, and fatigue also occur C. the swelling is accompanied by severe hypertension and protein in the urine D. weight loss and morning sickness also occur
C
Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of ________. A. low LDL cholesterol B. elevated HDL cholesterol C. cardiovascular disease D. protein-energy malnutrition
C
Excess fluid consumption can result in a condition called _________ A. chronic hypotension B. idippathic rehydration C. water intoxication D. terminal osmosis
C
Geoff wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ____ may decrease his risk of this chronic disease. A. beer B. charcoal-grilled meat C. broccoli D. processed meats
C
Human milk is naturally a rich source of ________. A. iron B. vitamin D C. lipids D. fluoride
C
In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of ________. A. zinc B. calcium C. potassium D. iron
C
In the United States, common sources of food-borne illness include all of the following, except _______. A. norovirus B. staphylococcus aureus C. fungi D. salmonella
C
In the United States, most ________. A. girls begin their growth spurt when they are between 14 and 16 years of age B. girls begin menstruating before they reach puberty C. boys begin puberty when they are between 10 to 12 years of age D. boys have stopped growing by the time they are 16 years of age
C
Irradiation of food is _______. A. an untested technology B. not recommended, because the process increases nutrient losses C. considered to be a safe process by the FDA D. a widely accepted method of food preservation in the United States
C
Jared is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of ________. A. vitamin A B. calcium C. vitamin C D. copper
C
Kari is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula-feed her new baby. To encourage Kari to breastfeed, you provide some factual information by telling her that ________. A. breastfeeding can reduce her baby's risk of cystic fibrosis in childhood B. human milk has the same composition as infant formula C. breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy D. human milk is a rich source of iron, calcium, and vitamin D
C
Many sports organizations, including the National Collegiate Athletic Association, have banned the use of _____ by athletes. A. colloidal ligands b. herbal extracts C. anabolic steroids D. branched chain amino acids
C
Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa ________. A. have a strong desire to gain weight B. have high self-esteem C. deny they are too thin D. are males between 16-30 years of age
C
Obese women who are pregnant with one fetus should gain _______ pounds during pregnancy. A. 25-35 B. 20-25 C. 11-20 D. 35-50
C
People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of ________. A. cystic fibrosis B. megaloblastic anemia C. type 2 diabetes D. celiac disease
C
Pregnant women generally need to take a dietary supplement that contains ________. A, protein B. oxytocin C. folic acid D. conjugated fatty acids
C
The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________. A. 130ºF B. 140ºF C. 145ºF D. 155ºF
C
The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus. A. ovary B. uterus C. placenta D. endometrium
C
The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include _________. A. heartburn B. weak bones C. dermatitis D. nigh blindness
C
The liver can convert _____ into glucose that can be released into the bloodstream or stored as glycogen. A. fatty acids B. ATP C. lactate D. vitamin D
C
The placenta cannot _______. A. transfer nutrients from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus B. eliminate waste products from the embryo/fetus C. prevent all toxic substances from reaching the embryo/fetus D. transfer oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus
C
The toxin produced by _____ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing and even death. A. Giardia B. Salmonella species C. Clostridium botulinum D. Trichinella
C
Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with ________. A. increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease B. increased risk of osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases C. fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body D. More nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body
C
Vitamin D helps the body absorb ________. A. iron and copper B. sodium and potassium C. phosphorus and calcium D. magnesium and iodine
C
Vitamins ___________ A. are metabolized to yield energy B. occur in gram amounts in foods C. are organic molecules D. are macronutrients
C
Which of the following conditions is a major cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States? A. Pica B. Physiological anemia C. Eclampsia D. Morning sickness
C
Which of the following diets does not provide enough high-quality proteins to support a child's growth? A. lactoovovegetarian B. ovovegetarian C. fruitarian D. semivegetarian
C
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12? A. whole-wheat bread B. apples C. eggs D. peanuts
C
Which of the following statements is true? A. A woman's energy needs are higher during the first trimester than at any other time in pregnancy. B. Using infant formula to bottle-feed a baby is more convenient and less expensive than breastfeeding a baby. C. Oxytocin is necessary for the "let-down" reflex to occur. d. The American Pediatric Association recommends feeding fresh whole milk to infants when they are 6 months of age.
C
Which of the following substances are not direct food additives? A. sulfites B. enrichment nutrients C. pesticide residues D. emulsifiers
C
Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins? A. amylase B. cholecystokinin C. trypsin D. bile
C
Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism? A. thiamin B. niacin C. vitamin B-12 D. pantothenic acid
C
Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults? A. Niacin B. Thiamin C. Vitamin E D. Pantothenic acid
C
While Aaron was at a party, he drank too much alcohol. The following morning, he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry. Based on this information, Aaron was ________. A. experiencing the effects of delayed ethanol metabolism disorder B. suffering from ion overload syndrome, which often occurs after excess alcohol ingestion C. being affected by the dehydrating that resulted from alcohol drinking D. displaying the typical signs and symptoms of alcohol spectrum disease
C
While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these involuntary movements is classified as ________. A. basal metabolisim B. resting metabolism C. NEAT D TEF
C
You are planning a party for a group of friends. Which of the following foods can you serve to everyone at the party, without having to worry about your friend who has celiac disease? A. pizza made with whole-grain flour B. cheddar cheese on wheat crackers C. pieces of fresh fruit D. corn beef on rye bread
C
You would like to make chicken soup for a friend who has celiac disease. To make the soup according to the recipe, you need to cook chicken, celery, onions, barley, salt, pepper, bay leaf, and carrots in a large amount of water. Based on this information, how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat? A. avoid adding the bay leaf B. omit the salt and include a beef bouillon cube C. replace the barley with rice D. add some wine to denature the chicken protein
C
Zoe is due to give birth to a girl in November. Before she became pregnant, Zoe weighed 168 pounds, which was in the overweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy. A. no more than 5 B, 10 to 15 C,. 15 to 25 D. 20 to 35
C
_____ are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of cells because most of the energy stored in macronutrients is released in them. A. ribosoomes B. plasma membranes C mitochondria D. lysosomes
C
_______ is an immediate and direct source of energy for cells. A. LDP B. glycogen C. ATP D. phospholipid
C
_______ raises a person's metabolic rate. A. high-fructose corn syrup B. olistate C. thyroid hormone D. gastrin
C
diets that lack niacin can lead to ____________ A. ricets B. beriberi C. pellagra D. pernicious anemia
C
henry is concerned about his risk of osteoporosis. which of the following characteristics is a modifiable risk factor for this chronic condition? A. family history B. racial/ethnic background C. physical activity level D. age
C
vitamin K can be produced by ___________. A. skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation B. hydrolysis of seawater C. intestinal bacteria D. conversion of lactic acid into lactate
C
which of the following is a source of high-quality protein that a vegan would eat? A. yogurt B. brown rice C. quinoa D. sweet potatoes
C
which of the following physical states is characterized by positive nitrogen balance? A. starvation B. illness C. puberty D. marasmus
C
which of the following statements is false? A. intrinsic factor is needed for vitamin B-12 absorption. B. vitamin B-12 deficiency is common among elderly persns. C. patients with pernicious anemica are treated with high doses of folic acid D. if untreated, pernicious anemia could be deadly
C
which of the following statements is false? A. lean tissue contains more water than fat tissue. B. water is a major solvent. C. generally, young women have more body water than young men. D. water does not provide energy.
C
worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency disorder is __________ disorder. A. iodine B. cobalt C. iron D. calcium
C
According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches a minimum of ________. A. 115ºF B. 125ºF C. 145ºF D. 165ºF
D
Aerobic activities _______. A. enable muscles to use less oxygen than normal B. do not require voluntary muscular contractions C. force muscle cells to use more vitamins and minerals for energy D. involve sustained, rhythmic contractions of certain large skeletal muscles`
D
Angie is due to give birth to a boy in June. Before she became pregnant, Angie weighed 215 pounds, which was in the obese BMI range. According to her physician, she should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy. A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20
D
Basal metabolism includes energy needs for ________. A. digestion food B. performing physical activity C. shivering in cold conditions D. circulating blood
D
Breastfed infants are _______ than babies who are fed infant formula. A. more likely to have diarrhea B. less likely to have cystic fibrosis C. more likely to have respiratory infections D. less likely to have ear infections
D
Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed _____ as a result. A. glugen sensitivity B. positive protein balance C. cirrhosis of the liver D. anaphylactic shock
D
Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to eat ________. A. fewer foods away from home B. smaller amounts of sodium C. fewer fried foods D. more sugar-sweetened beverages
D
Food-borne illnesses are usually characterized by _______. A. flu-like signs and symptoms B. coughing, sneezing, and respiratory inflammation C. megaloblastic anemia and nervous system defects D. abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting
D
Gloria is a healthy 25-year-old woman. According to recommendations of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, she should perform _____ strengthening activities that focus on major muscle groups at least twice a week. A. two to 5 B. six to 8 C. twelve to 16 D. eight to 10
D
Home-canned low-acid foods, such as beans and corn, may be contaminated with Clostridium botulinum, a bacterium that produces a dangerous toxin. To destroy the toxin, the food should be ________. A. frozen for 2 days and then thawed in the refrigerator before eating B. heated in a microwave oven for 5 minutes C. chilled for at least 24 hours before serving D. boiled for 10 minutes before tasting or eating
D
How can you tell if a food has been irradiated to preserve it? A. Observe any unusual color changes in the food B. Smell the food and note any "off" flavors C. Test the food for nutrient losses D. Look for the Radura symbol on the package
D
Human cells release most of the energy stored in carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids as _______. A. electricity B. phosphocreatine C. ATP D. heat
D
Humans need vitamin B-6 for _________. A. magnesium absorption B. vitmain C synthesis C. carbohydrate excretion D. amino acid metabolism
D
In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________. A. eat high-protein diets B. skip meals, especially breakast C. weigh themselves only once a month D. exercise, on average, for 60 minutes daily
D
Infants _____ have a high risk of obesity. A. who obtain regular physical activity B. with birth weights between 6.0 and 8.0 pounds C. that are given vitamin C supplements D. whose mothers are obese
D
Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Issac has a high risk of _________. A. pallegra B. beriberi C. scurvy D. rickets
D
Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of _________. A. pellagra B. beriberi C. scurvy D. osteomalacia
D
Joseph's BMI is 23. When he's under a lot of stress, he eats a large amount of cake, cookies, and ice cream. Soon after eating these foods, he goes to a bathroom and makes himself vomit. Based on this information, Joseph probably has _______. A. diarexia psychosis B. anorexia nervosa C. cystic fibrosis D. bulimia nervosa
D
Members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to _______. A. skip breakfast regularly B. follow low carb/high protein diets C. exercise two to three times per wee D. eat meals regularly, including breakfast
D
Muscles store ____, the immediate source of glucose for contracting muscles. A. fatty acids B. alanine C. ATP D. glycogen
D
Obese women have a higher risk of developing _____ during pregnancy than pregnant women who are not obese. A. maternal homocystinuria B. cystic fibrosis C. pernicious anemia D. gestational diabetes
D
People with BMIs of 25 or more have greater risks of _____ than people with BMIs in the healthy range. A. osteomalacia B. anemia C. fluorosis D. hypertension
D
Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce, and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of ________. A. magnesium B. potassium C, selenium D. sodium
D
The Food and Drug Administration has not approved _____ for production, sale, or use in the United States. A. biotin B. beta-alanine C. growth hormone D. ephedra
D
The USDA recommends that fresh ground meat be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________. A. 130ºF B. 150ºF C. 180ºF D. 160ºF
D
The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of ________. A. saturated fat B. cholesterol C. vitamin b-12 D. vitamin c
D
Trevor enjoys cooking chicken, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices do not result in cross contamination. What should he avoid doing? A. Washing his hands in warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds before and after touching the raw chicken. B. Sanitizing the knife that he used to cut up the raw chicken with a mixture of bleach and water before using it again. C. Grilling the chicken on a hot grill until the internal temperature of the flesh reached 165°F. D. Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.
D
Which of the following U.S. government agencies enforces federal food safety laws? A. ARS B. EPA C. CDC D. FDA
D
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin C? A. beef steak B. fat-free milk C. whole-wheat bread D. white potato
D
Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? A. slice of american cheese B. vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots C. apple and watermelon chunks D. peanut butter on crackers
D
Which of the following foods is high carbohydrate and low fat? A. roast chicen B. swiss cheese C. peanut butter D. toast spread with strawberry jam
D
Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella? A. canned applesauce B. hony C. cooked pork D. raw chicken
D
Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons? A. broccoli B. grapes C. blueberries D. peanuts
D
Which of the following foods is the least expensive per ounce? A. sliced peaches (drained of syrup) at $2.59 per 16 oz can B. sliced peaches (drained of syrup) at $2.19 per 10 oz can C. frozen sliced peaches at $2.56 per 12 oz bag D. frozen sliced peaches at $2.69 per 18 oz bag
D
Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein? A. whole-wheat crackers spread with soy nut butter B. pita bread dipped in mashed chickpeas C. kidney beans mixed with rice D. salad made with apples, pears and grapes
D
Which of the following nutrients cannot be metabolized for ATP production? A. glucose B. fat C. protein D. thiamin
D
Which of the following physical activities is not aerobic? A. running B. cross country skiing C. cycling D. driving a car
D
Which of the following practices can help reduce the growth of food-borne pathogens? A. washing hands before preparing food B. keeping cold oods cold and hot oods hot C. cooking foods to proper internal temperatures D. all the choices are correct
D
Which of the following practices has been scientifically shown to extend the life spans of certain flies and rodents? A. taking antioxidant supplements B. eating a high-protein diet C. performing vigorous physical exercise D. consuming a calorie-restricted diet
D
Which of the following statements about human milk is false? A. Consuming human milk may reduce a baby's risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood. B .Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells. C. The composition of human milk changes over time to meet the nutritional needs of a growing infant. D. Human milk is a rich source of vitamin D.
D
Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity? A. B-6 B. D C. K D. E
D
_____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises. A. intracellular B. cellulite C. visceral D. subcutaneous
D
_____ is the primary source of direct energy ("energy currency") for cells. A. glucose B. fat C. glycogen D. ATP
D
_______ cells are specialized to store fat. A. carcinoma B. megaloblastic C. neural D. adipose
D
_______ is the commercial heating process that destroys harmful bacteria in milk and fruit juices. A. sporulation B. sedimentation C. detoxification D. pasteurization
D
__________ is the process of removing nitrogen from an amino acid. A. transmination B. denaturation C. hydrogenation D. deamination
D
a sign of marasmus is ________ A. increased muscle growth. B. rapid weight gain. C. diabetes D. wasting
D
megadoses of vitamins ___________ A. are safe tot ake, if the vitamins are water-soluble B. prevent certain chronic diseases C. are available naturally from a wide variety of foods D. may be toxic
D
the primary source of sodium in the typical american's diet is __________. A. bottled water B. unprocessed food. C. fruit D. salt
D
the vitamin content of a vegetable can be affected by ________ A. soil composition B. the vegetable's maturity when harvest C. sunlight exposure D. all of the choices are correct
D
which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of water? A. tomatoes B. oranges C. whole-grain bread D. vegetable oil
D
which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? A. whole milk B. egg white C. hamburger patty D. green pepper
D
which of the following foods is a source of complementary proteins? A. trail mix made with cashews, raisins, almonds, honey and dried banana flakes. B. leafy greens salad topped with peanuts C. whole wheat bread with an apricot spread D. mashed chickpeas spread on pita bread
D
Which of the following foods is most likely to support the growth of pathogens? A. overripe bananas B. pasteurized milk C. raw ground meat D. commercially canned tomato soup
c
