SOCIOLOGY EXAM #3 PART 2!!!!!!

Comte de Buffon's classification schemes assumed that anyone who differed from the following group was abnormal

European

An 1851 excerpt from Harper's Weekly magazine describes a certain racial group as lawbreaking, idle, thriftless, poor, and barbarian. What group is this excerpt describing

Irish

Who was one of the first sociologists to point out the importance of culture in determining race

Robert Park

Your text mentions several reasons why American teenagers are rapidly spreading STDs. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons

Teens believe if they don't climax they will not get STDs

It is argued in your text that gender structures social relationships by giving men the advantage in society. As a result, which of the following is LEAST likely to happen

When men enter female-dominated occupations, they often become victims of sexual harassment

The one-drop rule asserts that just "one drop" of black blood makes

a person black

Some Muslims have been in North America since the seventeenth century, when they were transported from

africa as slaves

About 35 percent of Muslims worldwide were born in

america

When the term race comes up in America today, we usually think in two colors

black and white

Which of the five varieties of humans did Blumenbach decide were the superlatives of the races based on their excellent skull qualities

caucasians

Most Arabs in the United States are not Muslim but ____________, and about 20 percent of U.S. Muslims are ____________.

christian; african american

The term phrenology refers to

differences in head formation

Hippocrates believed that physical markers such as skin color were the result of

different environmental factors

The General Social Survey asked respondents why, on average, African Americans have worse jobs, income, and housing than white people. Nearly half of the respondents believed that blacks

don't have the motivation to pull themselves out of poverty

What allows one to identify with a nationality without the rights and duties of a citizen

ethnicity

Which group, led by Sir Francis Galton, believed that negative traits such as criminality were passed through bloodlines and could be bred out

eugenicists

During the 1950s, the United States began to focus more on cultural theories of race and ethnicity, thus rejecting

eugenics

Which of the following terms hinges on the belief that social and psychological traits can be traced through bloodlines and selectively bred out of (or into) populations

eugenics

Ontological equality is the notion that

everyone is created equal by divine design

In the classroom, compared to boys, girls

expected to be better at reading

What is the group that displays no physical distinctions from Japanese citizens but is believed by the Japanese to be a descendant of a less-human race than the Japanese nation as a whole

filipinos

America's first naturalization law, passed in 1790, granted citizenship to:

free white people

Harvard president Larry Summers stated that at the highest levels of performance, men might have an innate advantage over women in scientific aptitude and that genetic differences could explain the scarcity of female "hard" scientists at elite universities. Journalists termed this:

gendergate

In ancient Egypt, physical markers were linked to

geography

What term refers to the invisible barriers women face when they enter more prestigious corporate worlds

glass ceiling

When token men enter feminized jobs, they enjoy a quicker rise to leadership positions. This is referred to as the

glass escalater

The concept of race

has changed over time

Although race has no deterministic, biological basis, it still

has important social influence

Based on measurements of skull bumps, Blumenbach came up with five principal varieties of

humans

H. H. Goddard used his tests on what group to generalize about immigrant populations

immigrants at ellis island

Which act formalized the exclusive definition of whiteness by imposing immigration restrictions based on a national origins quota system that limited the yearly number of immigrants from each country

immigration act of 1924

Which statement is NOT true about girls as compared to boys

infant females are at greater risk of death

Miscegenation refers to:

interracial marriage

Swiss theologian Johann Caspar Lavater suggested that outside appearances were connected to inner virtues. According to him, which of the following features signified higher intellect and more worthy character?

light skin and small features

Although women now outnumber men in terms of college enrollment, men still dominate which fields

math and physics

Which group believed that humans were one species, united under God?

monogenists

Which group did Darwin side with, claiming that the notion of different species of humans was absurd?

monogenists

In the classroom, compared to girls, boys are

more likely to interrupt

The comparison between the Burakumin and the Japanese shows that race is

not just about physical or biological differences

Reverend Samuel Stanhope Smith's proposal that skin color should be viewed as a product of climate and therefore not correlated to inner virtues (e.g., intelligence, character, personality) suggests that he felt:

people are all the same beneath their skin

Under Johann Caspar Lavater's theory of ____________, people with light skin were thought to have higher intellect

physiogonomy

Jobs that have been feminized, such as teaching or secretarial work, are also referred to as

pink collar jobs

Which group believed that different races were distinct species?

polygenists

Nativists believed that restricting the immigration of certain groups would

protect the nation

Social Darwinism was the evolutionary notion of

race

In 1942, 120,000 Japanese Americans were sent by federal order to internment camps. Afterward, all Asian Americans (regardless of their country of origin and/or U.S. citizenship status) went from being a relatively unnoticed group to being singled out for discrimination. This is known as

racialization

Muslims in America have undergone what scholars refer to as the formation of a new racial identity in which new ideological boundaries of difference are drawn around a formerly unnoticed group of people, known as

racialization

Which term refers to the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits

racism

Modern racial thinking developed in the mid-seventeenth century in parallel with three global changes. Which of the following is NOT one of these global changes

scientific innovations

In the nineteenth century, theories of race moved from religious-based racism to:

scientific racism

What term best describes a behavior or attitude where a person's sex is the basis for prejudicial discrimination and where sex may matter more than a person's performance or merit

sexism

Inappropriate jokes on the job and sexual bartering are both examples of

sexual harassment

The genetic variation that corresponds with geographic origins is much ____________ than people commonly believe.

smaller

In comparison to boys, girls are more likely to

smoke cigs

Race is not a fixed biological or natural reality; rather, it is:

social construction

The opening story in Chapter 9 about the author kidnapping a child to become his new baby sister shows

social impact of race

What argument do Reskin and Roos (1990) use to support the reason women end up in lower-paid jobs?

these jobs are not attracted to men glass escalator

Ethnocentrism classified nonwhites as abnormal and inferior to help justify

unequal treatment and conquest

European Christians and scientists interpreted the curse that Noah put on his son Ham to mean that Ham

was the original black man

Because the German Nazis could not find a reliable marker to identify Jews, the Jews were forced to:

wear a yellow star of David

Eugenics literally means

well born

The differences between race and ethnicity underscore the privileged positions of ____________ in America, who have the freedom to pick and choose their identities and freely show their ethnic backgrounds

whites

Aristotle's principle of civic association was that the true test of people's worth was in what they did, not who they were. All people were included in this EXCEPT

women