SOCIOLOGY EXAM #3 PART 2!!!!!!
Comte de Buffon's classification schemes assumed that anyone who differed from the following group was abnormal
European
An 1851 excerpt from Harper's Weekly magazine describes a certain racial group as lawbreaking, idle, thriftless, poor, and barbarian. What group is this excerpt describing
Irish
Who was one of the first sociologists to point out the importance of culture in determining race
Robert Park
Your text mentions several reasons why American teenagers are rapidly spreading STDs. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons
Teens believe if they don't climax they will not get STDs
It is argued in your text that gender structures social relationships by giving men the advantage in society. As a result, which of the following is LEAST likely to happen
When men enter female-dominated occupations, they often become victims of sexual harassment
The one-drop rule asserts that just "one drop" of black blood makes
a person black
Some Muslims have been in North America since the seventeenth century, when they were transported from
africa as slaves
About 35 percent of Muslims worldwide were born in
america
When the term race comes up in America today, we usually think in two colors
black and white
Which of the five varieties of humans did Blumenbach decide were the superlatives of the races based on their excellent skull qualities
caucasians
Most Arabs in the United States are not Muslim but ____________, and about 20 percent of U.S. Muslims are ____________.
christian; african american
The term phrenology refers to
differences in head formation
Hippocrates believed that physical markers such as skin color were the result of
different environmental factors
The General Social Survey asked respondents why, on average, African Americans have worse jobs, income, and housing than white people. Nearly half of the respondents believed that blacks
don't have the motivation to pull themselves out of poverty
What allows one to identify with a nationality without the rights and duties of a citizen
ethnicity
Which group, led by Sir Francis Galton, believed that negative traits such as criminality were passed through bloodlines and could be bred out
eugenicists
During the 1950s, the United States began to focus more on cultural theories of race and ethnicity, thus rejecting
eugenics
Which of the following terms hinges on the belief that social and psychological traits can be traced through bloodlines and selectively bred out of (or into) populations
eugenics
Ontological equality is the notion that
everyone is created equal by divine design
In the classroom, compared to boys, girls
expected to be better at reading
What is the group that displays no physical distinctions from Japanese citizens but is believed by the Japanese to be a descendant of a less-human race than the Japanese nation as a whole
filipinos
America's first naturalization law, passed in 1790, granted citizenship to:
free white people
Harvard president Larry Summers stated that at the highest levels of performance, men might have an innate advantage over women in scientific aptitude and that genetic differences could explain the scarcity of female "hard" scientists at elite universities. Journalists termed this:
gendergate
In ancient Egypt, physical markers were linked to
geography
What term refers to the invisible barriers women face when they enter more prestigious corporate worlds
glass ceiling
When token men enter feminized jobs, they enjoy a quicker rise to leadership positions. This is referred to as the
glass escalater
The concept of race
has changed over time
Although race has no deterministic, biological basis, it still
has important social influence
Based on measurements of skull bumps, Blumenbach came up with five principal varieties of
humans
H. H. Goddard used his tests on what group to generalize about immigrant populations
immigrants at ellis island
Which act formalized the exclusive definition of whiteness by imposing immigration restrictions based on a national origins quota system that limited the yearly number of immigrants from each country
immigration act of 1924
Which statement is NOT true about girls as compared to boys
infant females are at greater risk of death
Miscegenation refers to:
interracial marriage
Swiss theologian Johann Caspar Lavater suggested that outside appearances were connected to inner virtues. According to him, which of the following features signified higher intellect and more worthy character?
light skin and small features
Although women now outnumber men in terms of college enrollment, men still dominate which fields
math and physics
Which group believed that humans were one species, united under God?
monogenists
Which group did Darwin side with, claiming that the notion of different species of humans was absurd?
monogenists
In the classroom, compared to girls, boys are
more likely to interrupt
The comparison between the Burakumin and the Japanese shows that race is
not just about physical or biological differences
Reverend Samuel Stanhope Smith's proposal that skin color should be viewed as a product of climate and therefore not correlated to inner virtues (e.g., intelligence, character, personality) suggests that he felt:
people are all the same beneath their skin
Under Johann Caspar Lavater's theory of ____________, people with light skin were thought to have higher intellect
physiogonomy
Jobs that have been feminized, such as teaching or secretarial work, are also referred to as
pink collar jobs
Which group believed that different races were distinct species?
polygenists
Nativists believed that restricting the immigration of certain groups would
protect the nation
Social Darwinism was the evolutionary notion of
race
In 1942, 120,000 Japanese Americans were sent by federal order to internment camps. Afterward, all Asian Americans (regardless of their country of origin and/or U.S. citizenship status) went from being a relatively unnoticed group to being singled out for discrimination. This is known as
racialization
Muslims in America have undergone what scholars refer to as the formation of a new racial identity in which new ideological boundaries of difference are drawn around a formerly unnoticed group of people, known as
racialization
Which term refers to the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits
racism
Modern racial thinking developed in the mid-seventeenth century in parallel with three global changes. Which of the following is NOT one of these global changes
scientific innovations
In the nineteenth century, theories of race moved from religious-based racism to:
scientific racism
What term best describes a behavior or attitude where a person's sex is the basis for prejudicial discrimination and where sex may matter more than a person's performance or merit
sexism
Inappropriate jokes on the job and sexual bartering are both examples of
sexual harassment
The genetic variation that corresponds with geographic origins is much ____________ than people commonly believe.
smaller
In comparison to boys, girls are more likely to
smoke cigs
Race is not a fixed biological or natural reality; rather, it is:
social construction
The opening story in Chapter 9 about the author kidnapping a child to become his new baby sister shows
social impact of race
What argument do Reskin and Roos (1990) use to support the reason women end up in lower-paid jobs?
these jobs are not attracted to men glass escalator
Ethnocentrism classified nonwhites as abnormal and inferior to help justify
unequal treatment and conquest
European Christians and scientists interpreted the curse that Noah put on his son Ham to mean that Ham
was the original black man
Because the German Nazis could not find a reliable marker to identify Jews, the Jews were forced to:
wear a yellow star of David
Eugenics literally means
well born
The differences between race and ethnicity underscore the privileged positions of ____________ in America, who have the freedom to pick and choose their identities and freely show their ethnic backgrounds
whites
Aristotle's principle of civic association was that the true test of people's worth was in what they did, not who they were. All people were included in this EXCEPT
women