Nutrition Final (exam 2)

What did we conclude about a parent helping children make healthy food choices? a. a parent should make healthy suggestions, like "eat your vegetables", to assist children with decision-making b. by allowing dessert items like cake at some meals, while making it clear that cake is not healthy for them, children earn which food choices are best for them c. children need clear instructions, so parents should be not ambiguous about explaining foods, but rather have a clear distinction that a child should eat healthy foods and not eat unhealthy foods d. a parent should make healthy food choices themselves to influence healthy choices by the child

a parent should make healthy food choices themselves to influence healthy choices by the child

A person is consuming a diet that is excessive in kcal, providing 30% of kcal as protein. a. amino acids are deaminated and stored as fat b. amino acids are utilized for synthesis of only the most critical proteins such as enzymes c. body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool d. excess amino acids are stored in the amino acid pool to be used the next day for protein synthesis

amino acids are deaminated and stored as fat

What is the source of amino acids for the amino acid pool when the diet is devoid of protein? a. all amino acids are synthesized from glucose b. many, but not all, amino acids can be synthesized from fatty acids when protein is deficient c. amino acid stores in the liver are mobilized to replenish the pool d. body proteins are broken down to release amino acids for the pool

body proteins are broken down to release amino acids for the pool

A person has not eaten anything for a week a. body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool b. amino acids are deaminated and stored as fat c. amino acids are utilized for meeting all needs for protein synthesis d. nitrogen balance is maintained since excretion of protein is stopped

body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool

A person is consuming a vegetarian diet with rice as the only protein source. a. protein are synthesized, but the limiting amino acid has been substituted for b. essential amino acids are stored in the amino acid pool awaiting complete protein consumption c. body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool d. amino acids are utilized for meeting all needs for protein synthesis

body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool

Which of the following is NOT going to influence the thermic effect of food? a. digestion b. absorption c. transport of nutrients d. body size

body size

Which of the following protein functions did we decide was the highest priority for the body to maintain? a. catalyze chemical reactions in the cell b. fight infections c. provide structure to lean tissues such as muscle d. transport cholesterol and triglyceride in the blood

catalyze chemical reactions in the cell

One of the rules of the Roy Rogers Riders Club encourages children to a. eat their vegetables b. clean their plate (not waste food) c. drink their milk d. watch their weight and not get fat

clean their plate (not waste food)

Gelatin is the food product made when we boil hooves, cartilage, and other inedible parts of an animal. Based on class discussion, this is the most common protein in the body, call _______. a. collagen b. elastin c. fibrin d. actomyosin

collagen

Which of the following is NOT an example of non exercise activity? a. walking to class b. using the stairs routinely at work c. completing an aerobics class d. washing you hair

completing an aerobics class

When is conversion of amino acids to glucose important? a. whenever excessive protein is consumed b. during starvation c. when consuming a weight loss diet high in carbohydrate d. whenever needs for protein synthesis have been met

during starvation

Which of the following behaviors did we conclude was especially important to incorporate into a weight loss program to maximize results? a. avoiding late night eating, as those calories are most likely stored as fat b. eating breakfast c. restricting eating to only three meals a day, no snacking, so that overeating is less likely d. to eat only at the dinner table and no where else in the house, such as in front of the TV

eating breakfast

Which of the following foods contains the highest quality protein? a. whole wheat bread b. whole milk c. soybeans d. eggs

eggs

Which of the following strategies did your instructor feel would be successful in a weight management program? a. emphasizing fruits and vegetables in your diet b. drinking 1 full glass of water before your meal c. following the Adkins diet, as it recently was found very effective for weight loss d. skipping lunch

emphasizing fruits and vegetables in your diet

What did we conclude regarding the fat content of the diet as it relates to weight loss? a. it is best to reduce fat content to less than 20% of calories, less than healthy heart guidelines b. fat content has no bearing on weight loss, since it has no influence on the energy density of a food c. fat content should be kept to less than 30% of calories, so not severe restriction, but rather just following the healthy heart guidelines d. it has been found that carbohydrates intake is the primary predictor of weight gain, not fat intake, so fat content of diet is not of interest during weight loss

fat content should be kept to less than 30% of calories, so not severe restriction, but rather just following the healthy heart guidelines

What best describes your instructor's impression of protein supplements for muscle gain? a. if they are helpful, it is probably because they provide extra calories, not extra protein b. they are helpful dietary supplement for most of those who wish to gain muscle c. they are a good value for your dollar in getting additional protein in your diet d. most people who take them will suffer permanent kidney damage and suffer long-term health problems from taking them

if they are helpful, it is probably because they provide extra calories, not extra protein

Why do we see an increase in BMR with overeating? a.increase in insulin secretion b. increase in glucagon secretion c. decrease in adrenaline secretion d. increase in thyroid hormone secretion

increase in thyroid hormone secretion

We discussed that the NCAA has what regulations regarding creatine? a. it allows universities to purchase it for athletes b. it is banned as a performance enhancer c. it can be purchased by athletes and taken, but universities cannot provide it, called non permissible d. the use of creatine is currently under review by the NCAA, but there is no restriction at this time

it can be purchased by athletes and taken, but universities cannot provide it, called non permissible

Which of the following would a vegan (eats no animal products) want to avoid, based on class discussion? a. jello b. thousand island dressing c. cool whip d. shortening

jello

Behavior modification is important during weight loss. Your instructor gave one important strategy that is consistently used to help people become more aware of their eating behaviors. What is it? a. Keeping a food diary or food log b. Doing a half hour of exercise before eating breakfast c. Weighing on a scale each day d. Taking a nutrition course at community college

keeping a food diary or food log

Urea is filtered from the blood by the _______ a. kidney b. blood c. liver d. brain

kidney

We listed two flavors on the board that we are born to LIKE and two flavors that we are born to DISLIKE. Give one of each.

like: salt dislike: bitter

Urea is synthesized (made) in the ___________ a. kidney b. blood c. liver d. brain

liver

Pasta, which is part of the grains grouping of complementary proteins, is limiting in ________ a. phenylalanine b. methionine c. cysteine d. lysine

lysine

Which of the following is the limiting amino acid in legumes like pinto beans? a. lysine b. phenylalanine c. methionine d. glycine

methionine

If a healthy adult eats excess protein a. protein synthesis will be stimulated b. nitrogen will be retained c. net protein utilization will be altered d. nitrogen balance will be maintained

nitrogen balance will be maintained

What is the leading cause of diabetes, especially Type 2, in the U.S.? a. protein excess b. high carbohydrate diets c. high fat diets d. obesity

obesity

What is usually the major factor that explains variability in the kcal needs of two healthy men of similar age and size? a. type of diet consumed b. level of caloric consumption c. thyroid hormone status d. physical activity levels

physical activity levels

Obesity rate soared during the 80s and 90s in the US. The most critical issue, according to your instructor, explaining this increase, is which the following factors? a. a reduction in breastfeeding b. people are not eating breakfast as often c. portion sizes have increased d. TV watching has increased

portion sizes have increased

Which of the following would have the highest energy density? a. apple b. pretzel c. carrot d. broccoli

pretzel

Which of the following statements is true? a. Proteins are your cells' primary energy source b. proteins in your blood help maintain proper fluid balance c. your body uses excess dietary protein to form the antibodies that causes infections d. structural proteins are the highest priority proteins in the body

proteins in your blood help maintain proper fluid balance

We discussed the Keys starvation study and described two primary observations regarding the effects of starvation, one physiological (effect on the body or on metabolism) and one psychological (how we think/behave). Give either one of these effects on starvation.

psychological: we obsess over food physiological:????

Which of the following combinations of foods is a good example of complementary proteins to meet essential amino acid needs? a. peanut butter and jelly sandwich b. refried beans and corn tortillas c. pasta and cornbread d. lima beans and lentils

refried beans and corn tortillas

Which of the following parenting behaviors is likely to increase the LIKE for a food? a. restricting access to a food or using it as a reward b. encouraging a child to eat a food c. explaining the health benefits of a food d. not allowing the child to leave the table until he eats his food

restricting access to a food or using it as a reward

Which of the following statements best describes how our body reacts to starvation? a. the body breaks down its own proteins, first breaking down proteins in muscle, then progressing to break down proteins in vital organs like heart and liver later as starvation continues b. the body breaks down it own proteins, giving no priority to tissues such as heart or liver over muscle c. there is a specific storage protein, found in the liver, which will be broken down initially before other proteins are broken down d. there is a special area of the cell, called the amino acid pool, where amino acids are temporarily stored, these will be depleted first before any body proteins are broken down

the body breaks down its own proteins, giving no priority to tissues such as heart or liver over muscle

How did we define the set point for weight in class? a. the body weight that we defend against change b. the weight where we would have minimal health risk, our target weight c. the weight that we achieve in early adulthood (early 20s) that we should maintain the rest of our life d. the weight that causes us to crave food, so need to stay above the weight during weight loss

the body weight that we defend against change

Define a limiting amino acid. a. a protein that does not provide adequate amounts of all essential amino acids b. The essential amino acid in an incomplete protein that limits protein synthesis c. a nonessential amino acid that is the least provided compared to needs d. the protein found in beans and grains

the essential amino acids in an incomplete protein that limits protein synthesis

The primary strategy recommended by your instructor to counteract increasing portion size in the US is to a. eat more often at home, so you are not pressured to overeat by the restaurant b. eat more often with a group of people that will provide some "peer pressure" to eat less c. use more prepackaged foods that have portions already measured, so you don't have to estimate portions d. throw food away even though it may seem wasteful or share a meal with someone

throw food away even though it may seem wasteful or share a meal with someone

Which of the following did your instructor give in class as a likely effective strategy to reduce body weight? a.use a salad plate for your plate at dinner, so you will put less on your plate b. eat alone so you will be able to focus on what you are eating and how much you are eating c. buy expensive foods for your home meals, so that you will eat less to save money d. eat dessert first as that is most lily to satisfy your appetite and you will eat less

use a salad plate for your plate at dinner, so you will put less on your plate

Deamination of amino acids occurs a. when amino acids are needed for protein synthesis b. when amino acids are consumed in excess of need c. when a nonessential amino acid is consumed d. when a person is in positive nitrogen balance

when amino acids are consumed in excess of need

We listed a number of functions of protein on the board, such as hormones like insulin that regulate metabolism. Name (or describe) two other functions of our proteins in the body.

1. makes up muscles 2. helps fight infections in the body

If a food contains 10 grams of protein and 160 calories, what is the % protein in this food? a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 25

25

The incidence of overweight and obesity in the U.S. is now estimated at about _____% of the adult population. a. 20 b. 35 c. 50 d. 65

65

The caloric content of alcohol is _________ kcal/g. a. 4 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9

7

Which of the following sites of fat storage is most associated with an increase in heart disease risk? a. Hips/buttocks b. Chest c. Abdomen d. Neck

Abdomen

Which of the following is not true? a. BMR increases with overeating b. females generally have a lower BMR than males c. BMR usually increases as you get older d. BMR is higher in someone with a high lean body mass

BMR usually increases as you get older

What is the name we give the condition resulting from protein-caloric malnutrition, leading to severe muscle wasting (skin and bones)? a. Kwashiorkor b. Edema c. Marasmus d. Cretinism

Marasmus

The idea that throwing food away is immoral can be traced to a. Early 1900's when the Irish experienced the potato famine and their relatives in US talked about it b. The USDA started a campaign linking food waste to feeding the starving at the end of WWII c. Immigrants from China were suffering from malnutrition when they arrived in NYC, and the connection was made that wasting food was harmful to those entering US and starving d. Religious groups during WWI tied wasting food to moral decisions

The USDA started a campaign linking food waste to feeding the starving at the end of WWII