Nutrition Final Extra

____ is a health problem associated with obesity that is characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries. a. atherosclerosis b. gout c. osteoporosis d. gastritis .

a. atherosclerosis

Indirect calorimetry is the most commonly used method for estimating a person's ___. a. basal metabolic rate b. thermic effect of food c. body mass index d. body fat percentage

a. basal metabolic rate

Which of the following is true of physical activity? a. body size affects energy expended for physical activity b. involuntary physiological functions such as respiration and beating of the heart are part of physical activity c. the amount of energy associated with physical activity depends on the amount of food consumed d. physical activity accounts for 50-70 percent of total energy expenditure

a. body size affects energy expended for physical activity

A supply of ___ is maintained by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the event that a bioterrorism attack occurs. a. botulism antitoxin b. mycotoxin antitoxin c. aflatoxin antitoxin d. brevetoxin antitoxin

a. botulism antitoxin

_______ is an essential trace mineral that is a cofactor for metalloenzymes needed for bone formation, glucose production, and energy metabolism. a. manganese b. calcium c. magnesium d. phosphorus

a. manganese

____ is an intestinal protein that regulates the amount of zinc released into the blood. a. metallothionine b. insulin c. myoglobin d. cerulosplasmin

a. metallothionine

Which of the following is true of people with central obesity? a. they are commonly described as apple-shaped b. they have abnormally low waist-to-hip ratio c. they carry more adipose tissue around their hips than their waists d. they have a waist circumference between 25 and 35 inches

a. they are commonly described as apple-shaped

Alex, a second grader, is diagnosed with a heart problem. His doctor determines that his condition is due to severe selenium deficiency. Alex is likely suffering from ____. a. cretinism b. Keshan disease c. kyphosis d. Parkinson's disease

b. Keshan disease

Which of the following is true of the thermic effect of food (TEF)? a. the amount of energy associated with TEF is independent of the amount of food consumed b. TEF is the cost associated with the body's utilization of the foods a person eats c. TEF is estimated to be about 50-75 percent of total energy intake d. fatty foods have higher TEFs than high-protein foods

b. TEF is the cost associated with the body's utilization of the foods a person eats

____ is the body's primary site of energy storage and serves as a buffer during times of energy imbalance. a. neural tissue b. adipose tissue c. ground tissue d. vascular tissue

b. adipose tissue

Which of the following is a similarity between chromium and manganese? a. both are major minerals required by the body b. both are absorbed very little by the body regardless of their intake c. both are cofactors for an enzyme that protects cells from free radicals d. both serve as a component of the thyroid hormones

b. both are absorbed very little by the body regardless of their intake

Which of the following statements is true of fluoride a. almost all of fluoride consumed is absorbed by the large intestine b. excess fluoride is excreted in the urine c. the gastrointestinal tract heavily regulates fluoride's absorption d. fluoride is a major mineral required by the body

b. excess fluoride is excreted in the urine

Which of the following statements is true of molybdenum a. it is essential for the production of parathyroid hormone b. it appears to be absorbed almost completely in the intestine c. it s deficiency is very common among humans d. its recommended dietary allowance is 3000 ug/day

b. it appears to be absorbed almost completely in the intestine

Which of the following best defines food craving? a. it is a basic physiological drive to consume food b. it is a strong psychological desire for a particular food c. it is a strong psychological desire for food in general d. it is a physiological response whereby a person feels full

b. it is a strong psychological desire for a particular food

Marcus is an octogenarian. Over the last few years, he has lost considerable height because of a curvature in his upper spine. On consulting a doctor, he is told that his bones are very fragile and osteoporotic. Marcus suffers from ____. a. Keshan disease b. kyphosis c. cretinism d. Parkinson's disease

b. kyphosis

The ____ is the gene that codes for the hormone leptin. a. INS gene b. ob gene c. db gene d. APC gene

b. ob gene

Which of the following is a difference between fatty foods and high-protein foods? a. unlike fatty foods, high-protein foods are negative calorie foods b. unlike fatty foods, high-protein foods have higher thermic effect of foods c. unlike fatty foods, high-protein foods are the leading cause of central adiposity d. unlike fatty foods, high-protein foods are only consumed by athletes

b. unlike fatty foods, high protein foods have higher thermic effect of foods

Safe handling and sanitation of food includes: a. retaining ample moisture content in the food b. wearing gloves while processing foods c. storing raw meat with other foods d. storing food products at temperatures between 40 and 140 F

b. wearing gloves while processing foods

Body fat below ___ is considered too low in women and can have harmful effects. a. 25 percent b. 30 percent c. 20 percent d. 35 percent

c. 20 percent

which of the following statements is true of the recommended intake for manganese? a. an adequate intake of 1.8 mg/day has been established for men b. an adequate intake of 2.3 mg/day has been established for women c. a tolerable upper intake level of 11 mg/day has been established for manganese d. a tolerable upper intake level of manganese cannot be reached by consuming supplements

c. a tolerable upper intake level of 11 mg/day has been established for manganese

Which of the following is a symptom of shellfish poisoning? a. pathological shyness b. psychosis-like experiences c. difficulty in breathing d. color blindness

c. difficulty in breathing

High carbohydrate foods cause ___ levels to rise which in turn may lead to weight gain. a. epinephrine b. glucagon c. insulin d. melatonin

c. insulin

Which of the following is true of brown adipose tissue (BAT)? a. it does not contain any mitochondria b. it serves as the body's primary depot for energy storage c. it is found primarily found in the neck and upper back d. it contains a single large lipid droplet c.

c. it is found primarily in the neck and upper back

Which of the following statements is true of iron absorption? a. it decreases when iron stores are low b. it is lowest among pregnant women c. it is highest among women with heavy menstrual losses d. it increases when the iron stores are high

c. it is highest among women with heavy menstrual losses

Which of the following is true of gastric banding? a. it involves the surgical bypass of a segment of the small intestine. b. it involves the surgical removal of approximately 80 percent of the stomach c. it promotes weight loss by reducing hunger and subsequent caloric intake d. it disrupts nutrient digestion and absorption

c. it promotes weight loss by reducing hunger and subsequent caloric intake

Spontaneous movements such as fidgeting and posture are a part of the ___ component of total energy expenditure (TEE) a. basal metabolism b. thermic effect of food c. nonexercise activity thermogenesis d. adaptive thermogenesis

c. nonexercise activity thermogenesis

The World Health Organization recommends that all governments prohibit the feeding of highly innervated tissue from slaughtered cattle to other animals because: a. these tissued cannot be digested by most animals b. they are high in cholesterol making it an unhealthy feed for cattle c. prions are found mainly in the brain and spinal cord d. bacteria in these tissues are not killed even at high temperatures

c. prions are found mainly in the brain and spinal cord

Which of the following dietary sources are low in iodine? a. dairy products b. ocean fish c. mollusks d. bananas

d. bananas

Which of the following is as similarity between iron and copper? a. Both are major minerals required by the body b. both are absorbed less when their body stores are low c. both are absorbed in the large intestine d. both are found in two distinct charged states.

d. both are found in two distinct charged states

Which of the following is caused by chromium deficiency? a. lung cancer b. weight gain c. increased sensitivity to insulin d. elevated blood glucose levels

d. elevated blood glucose levels

Which of the following causes low blood sodium? a. low water consumption b. intake of highly processed foods c. high salt intake d. excessive sweating

d. excessive sweating

Which of the following statements is true of selenium? a. it is a major mineral required by the body b. its bioavailability is very low c. it cannot be obtained through dietary sources d. its intestinal absorption is not regulated

d. its intestinal absorption is not regulated

Linda is conducting a research study on osteoporosis, and she wants her study to create awareness among those most affected by the disease. In this scenario, her target group would most likely be: a. women with high levels of estrogen b. people who are teetotalers c. men who do regular physical activity d. people who are old

d. people who are old

When a nerve cell is at rest, ____. a. negatively charged chloride ions are concentrated inside of the cell b. positively charged sodium ions are concentrated inside of the cell c. negatively charged sodium ions are concentrated inside of the cell d. positively charged potassium ions are concentrated inside of the cell

d. positively charged potassium ions are concentrated inside of the cell

Lowering carbohydrate content by limiting one's intake of _____ should theoretically help a person lose weight. a. lean meats b. whole grains c. fresh fruits d. refined sugars

d. refined sugars

____ is a surgical weight-loss procedure that involves the removal of a large part of the stomach, creating a tubular shaped stomach pouch. a. gastric banding b. gastric bypass c. biliopancreatic diversion d. sleeve gastrectomy

d. sleeve gastrectomy

Which of the following statements is true of magnesium? a. magnesium absorption increases when blood levels are high and decreases when blood levels are low b. magnesium absorption occurs in the large intestine c. the majority of the body's magnesium content is associated with lymph d. the tolerable upper intake level of magnesium is 350 mg/day for adults

d. the tolerable upper intake level of magnesium is 350 mg/day for adults

Which of the following is a difference between body fat and fat-free mass? a. unlike body fat, fat-free mass can be used as a source of energy b. unlike body fat, fat-free mass is lost during weight-loss treatments c. unlike body fat, fat-free mass is absent in obese and overweight people d. unlike body fat, fat-free mass has a greater density than water

d. unlike body fat, fat-free mass has a greater density than water

Bone loss can progress until bones become fragile and break easily. When this occurs, a person is said to have a condition called hypokalemia. true false

false

During periods of negative energy balance, muscle and/or adipose tissue increases in size and weight. true false

false

Generally, the bioavailability of phosphorus from plant-based foods is higher than that of animal-based foods. true false

false

Genetic makeup does not influence body weight. true false

false

Molybdenum toxicity has been shown to harm reproduction capabilities in humans. true false

false

Reducing energy intake is best achieved by cutting back on nutrient-dense foods such as whole-grain breads, legumes, fruits, and vegetables. true false

false

The Dietary Reference Intake committee has set the RDA for sulfur at 420 and 320 mg/day for men and women, respectively. true false

false

_________ is a trace mineral important for healthy bones and teeth.

fluoride

A major mineral is one required in an amount greater than 100 mg/day. true false

true

Chinese gluten manufacturers added melamine to their products to make them appear higher in protein than they actually were because melamine is rich in nitrogen. true false

true

Magnesium deficiency is rare, but is sometimes observed in malnourished alcoholics experiencing dietary inadequacy and poor overall nutrient absorption. true false

true

Protein-rich foods provide the body with generous amounts of sulfur. true false

true

Sodium, chloride, and potassium are the three most abundant ions in the human body. true false

true

Some genetically modified plants better resist insects and other pests that have historically lowered crop yield than plants that have not been genetically modified. true false

true