Nutrition Final
Low fluid intake in older adults may be caused by
-less intense feelings of thirst -chronic disease -certain medications -reduced ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine
throughout the adolescent years, both males and females gain about ____ % of their adult height
15
Women who begin pregnancy at a normal BMI should gain about ____ pounds during pregnancy.
15 - 25
Total calorie needs peak for females at about age ____.
15-16
About 1 in _____ pregnancies results in a spontaneous abortion, often before a woman even realizes she is pregnant.
2
by the age of ____ years, body water levels are similar to those of adults
2-3 years
When adolescence ends, females have ____ as much lean body mass as males.
2/3
After age ____ or so, the rate of cell breakdown begins to exceed the rate of cell renewal.
30
staring around age ___, organ size and efficency begins to decrease
30
During the second trimester a pregnant woman needs an additional____ kcal per day.
350
according to present day growth charts, an infant will double it's birth weight at about ____ months of age and triple the birth weight at about ____ months
4-6 ; 12
What. precent of calories should total fat make up in an infants diet
40-55%
Additional energy requirements for lactation are approximately _______ kcal per day.
400-500
For the pregnant woman, the RDA for protein increases by ___ over prepregnancy needs.
50
during the first year of life the infant increases, in length by____% over what it was at birth
50
Who may not receive sufficient protein?
Adults with limited budgets Adults with chewing problems Adults who are lactose intolerant
Which is a good indicator of recent nutritional status?
BMI for age
which us government program distributes surplus agricultural products
Commodity Supplement. food program
What do preschool children like to eat?
Familiar foods Foods served at comfortable temperatures Mild flavors Crisp-textured foods
which is true about growth in height
It cannot occur after the epiphyses fuse.
Which is true of the Congregate Meal Program
It is part of the Older Americans Act.
Why is cow's milk not recommended for infants?
Its protein content is too high.
After the eight week of pregnancy, the developing offspring is known as _____
a fetus
Maternal nutrient deficiencies or exposure to toxins can cause _____ in the fetus.
abnormal organ function
Except for pregnancy and lactation, the total quantities of nutrients and calories needed during ____ are greater than any other stage of the life cycle.
adolescence
A baby should be burped ________.
after 1-2 ounces of formula
which foods are not likely to appeal to preschool children
all choices: beef stew, spicy chicken, tuna casserole
a common cause of iron deficiency anemia in adulthood is
all choices: bleeding ulcers, use of aspirin, bleeding hemorrhoids
In adulthood, a nutritious diet can help to ________.
all choices: delay onset of disease, recover more quickly from disease, increase mental and physical wellbeing and social
a nursing infant is getting enough milk if the infant
all choices: has three to four diapers per day, shows normal weight gain, does not spit up
which is the recommended treatment for childhood obesity
all choices: increased physical activity, decrease fatty foods, modify behaviors
why do infants have a greater need for water than older humans
all choices: infants have a high body surface area, greater proportion of body water, kidneys are not as efficent
severe zinc defficenies during pregnancy can cause
all choices: premature birth, fetal growth retardation,
the preschool years are characterized by_____.
all f the choices: slower growth rate, decrease appetite, changes in eating behavior
which is true about the supplemental nutrition assistance program
all of the choices
a maternal practice that can be harmful to the fetus is____.
all of the choices: fasting, smoking, low carb diet
a characteristic of a favorable pregnancy outcome is ____
all of the choices: healthy infant, infant weighs at least 5.5 lbs., pregnancy of at least 37 weeks
during pregnancy, women who are ____ should have a multivitamin and mineral supplement
all of the choices: teenagers, vegans, low income, smokers
Edema during late pregnancy is a problem if ________.
all of these choices
according to the dietary guidelines for Americans, a goal for adults is to
all of these choices
Which is NOT a current hypothesis about the cause of aging?
all of these choices:
which of these conditions indicates that a woman needs to pay particular attention to the quality f her diet during pregnancy
all of these choices: diabetes, eating disorder
With the possible exception(s) of _____, human milk provides all the nutrients needed during the first 6 months of life.
all of these choices: vitamin D, iron, and flouride
the physiological anemia of pregnancy is a result of___
an increase in the mothers blood volume
breastfeeding is not reccomended when mothers _____
are undergoing chemotherapy or have HIV infection
Calorie needs decline after age 30 years or so because
basal metabolism declines
high protein diets are not good for infants
because the infant's kidneys cannot clear large amounts of urea every day
A small for gestational age infant
below 5.5 pounds
A characteristic of preeclampsia is____.
blurred vision and headaches
a pregnant woman who is vegan needs to take____ nutrient supplements.
calcium and iron
Consuming alcohol while breastfeeding ________.
causes babies to have disrupted sleep patterns
during pregnancy women should try to _______ each day
drink three cups of milk or milk products
growth plates at the end of long bone are called
epiphysis
To keep gestational diabetes under control, recommendations for pregnant women include ________.
excercise
Infants and children who do not grow at the expected rate for several months are more than likely experiencing
failure to thrive
the diets of adults tend to be high in
fat
Participation in WIC is associated with ________.
fewer infant deaths
neural defects may occur when women consume too little ___ before becoming pregnant
folate
Compared to pregnancy, the RDA for nutrients changes during lactation ________.
for many nutrients but not, proportionately
For the best pregnancy outcome, overweight women (BMI > 26 to 29) should ________.
gain about 15-25 pounds during pregnancy
which determines the rate of aging
genetics, lifestyle, environment
an infants birth weight is closely related to
gestation length mother's prepregnancy weight weight the mother gains during pregnancy All of these choices are correct
Comparison of morbidity can be defined as
having the greatest number of healthy years and the fewest number of years with illness
which is an example of usual aging
increase in body fatness
which component of weight gain accounts for the greatest amount of increased weight during pregnancy
infant
which of the following is not true about the placenta
it provides nourishment to the zygote
Which protein in human milk increases iron absorption?
lactoferin
the primary carbohydrate in the diet of most infants is ___
lactose
a low birth weight infant weighs
less than 5.5 pounds
To help children develop good nutritional habits, ________.
let children make some choices about the food they eat
Inadequate intake of ____ in adults may contribute to loss of bone strength and mental confusion.
magnesium
it is reccomended that honey not be given to infants because it
may contain clostridium botulinum spore
Adolescents often have smaller babies than mature women. They are advised to gain more weight during pregnancy to ________.
meet the mothers growth needs
Compared to foremilk, hind milk has
more fat
the RDA for iron during pregnancy increases greatly. To reach this level, the pregnant women may
need to take a low dose iron supplement
Typical signs of dehydration in an infant are ________.
no or few tears when crying
If human milk or infant formula are not available, ____ can provide a safe, nutritious alternative for infants.
none are healthy alternatives `
to minimize nausea during pregnancy, pregnant woman should_____.
none of the above
Which of the following factors may deplete a woman's nutrient stores
numerous previous pregnancies
the largest group of adults at risk for nutrient deficencies is
older adults living in long term care facilities
The let-down reflex in breastfeeding is controlled by ________.
oxytocin
the practice of eating non food substances
pica
which is not a common meal time challenge with preschoolers
pica
Maternal iron deficiency anemia can cause
premature birth infant death labor complications
A diet rich in fiber helps adults to ________.
reduce risk of heart disease
Which cereal is least likely to cause allergies in infants?
rice
When serving a food for the first time to an infant, ________.
single ingredient, only a few bites, wait to serve a new food
infant born after 37 weeks and weigh less than 5.5 lbs. are labeled ___
small for age
introducing solid foods to infants diet before the infant needs them can___
strain the young infants organs
which is not a sign that an infant may be ready for solid foods
the infant can sit alone with support
the high metabollic rate of infants results from
the large surface area of its body
the dietary reference it takes for adults do not take into consideration aging related changes in____
they take into account all these things
during adulthood, nutrients are used primarily
to maintain the body
An infant's birth weight ________ during the first year of life.
triples
the protien needs of an infant are about _____ as much per pound of body weight as adults
twice
Instead of a double cheeseburger from a fast food restaurant for lunch, the hungry adolescent could make a healthier choice by choosing ____ instead.
veggie pizza
The diets of adults tend to be low in
vitamin D zinc magnesium folate
why is vitamin D a nutrient of particular concern in older adults
vitamin D synthesizes in the skin slows
on average a full term infant at birth_____.
weighs 7-8 lbs. and is about 20 inches long
to avoid constipation, pregnant woman should increase the intake of____.
whole grain bread, bran, and fruits