Nutrition Final
the american dietetic association recommends ___ grams of protein per kilogram of body weight each day for an endurance athlete
1.2-1.4
the DRI committee recommends " " 10% of total calories as he minimum amount of protein
10
dietary guidelines recommend consuming less than ___% of calories from saturated fatty acids
10%
approximately _____gms a day of carbs are needed to ensure complete sparing of body protein in an average size person
130
a woman of normal weight may have, on the average ____ percent of the body weight as fat
20%
dietary guidelines recommend reducing daily sodium intake to less than ___
2300mgs
a food provides 8gms of fat and 300 total calories, what is the percentage of calories in this product?
24%
carbohydrate and protein each contain _____ calories in a gram
4
hunger makes itself known roughly ___ hours after eating
4-6
dietary guidelines are updated every ___ years
5
one gram of alcohol is equal to ____ calories
7
The dietary reference intakes are made up of
RDA, EAR, UL, AND AI
in making recommendations for protein intake, the committee on DRI took into consideration that the protein in a normal diet would be
a combo of animal and plant sources
if you do not eat on a regular basis throughout the day, the effect on the body will be
a coordinated effort to draw stored energy from various parts of the body
daily values are based on what type of diet
a healthy adult 2,000-2500 calorie diet
characteristics of type 2 diabetes include all of the following except
a pancreas that makes too little or no insulin
good food choices can reduce the chance of developing chronic diseases
true
once a new finding is published in a scientific journal, it is still only preliminary
true
sickle cell disease is an example of an inherited mistake in the amino acid sequence
true
the EAR are used primarily in research and policy making
true
the glycemic index and glycemic load of foods may be important to people with diabetes who must strive to regulate blood glucose control
true
which of the following best describes the fluoride content of the bottled water
unpredictable
when you are ill with a cold, you fix a bowl of chicken noodle soup to eat to feel better. what factor drives your food choice in this situation
emotional support
successful weight maintainers
exercise regularly AND keep track of food intake an exercise habits
cultural traditions regarding food are static and inflexible
false
in early food deprivation, the nervous system cannot use ____ as fuel
fat
which of the following are most prone to iron deficiency
female athletes AND endurance athletes
the difference between foodbourne infection and foodbourne intoxication is that
foodbourne intoxication results from chemicals produced by microbes
which monosaccharide is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit
fructose
describe two components of my plate
fruits proteins
which of the following is the most used monosaccharide inside the body?
glucose
the best way to achieve a desirable amount of fiber is to
include fruits, vegetables, and grains in the diet, and emphasize whole, unprocessed foods ** both A and B
a very low carb diet may be accompanied by
ketosis
anaerobic glucose breakdown procedures a compound called ____ that accumulates in the tissues and the blood
lactate
the hormone produced by adipose tissue in response to body fat production that helps control obesity
leptin
which of the following is characteristic of a diet to oppose heart disease?
low in trans fats
health professionals advise people with low fitness levels to engage in activities of _____ for weight loss
low to moderate intensity AND long duration
in early minutes of an activity, ______ provides the majority of energy the muscles use to go into action
muscle glycogen
the disaccharides include
sucrose, maltose, and lactose
which of the following poses a formidable obstacle to a successful organ transplant
t cells
the principle of food source of chloride is
table salt
when fructose and glucose are bonded together they form
table sugar
water assists in
temperature regulation and acidbase regulation
the amount of protein needed for physical activity varies depending on
the amount of training in a particular exercise an athlete has had
what are discretionary calories
the balance of calories remaining in a diet after consuming those needed to meet recommended nutrient intakes
if amino acids are oversupplied
the body removes and excretes their amine groups and the body converts amino acids and residues to glycogen or fat ** B and C
fat contains ___ calories in a gram
9
identify the 4 characteristics of a nutritious diet
adequacy, balance, moderation, variation, calorie count (ABMVC)
the psychological desire to eat is referred to as
appetite
complex carbs
are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber
which of the following synthetic sweetners should not be given to individuals with phenylketonuria
aspartame
reduced sodium means the product has
at least 25% less sodium than the original packet
how much of the starches and grains in the diet should be made up of whole grains
at least half
you have just consumed a meal very high in fat. as a result, hormonal messages will tell an organ to send " " in amounts matched to the amount of fat present
bile
which of the following mechanisms is important for the digestion of fats in foods
bile in the small intestine emulsifies the fat for enzyme action
hard water has high concentrations of
calcium and magnesium
which of the following is preferred fuel for most body functions
carb
which of the following is not a true statement
carbs from food is especially easy for the body to store as fat
which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body
carries the water soluble nutrients
which food is not considered a part of the mean and protein category
cheese
DRI recommendations concerning intakes of fats include:
consume no more than 35% of calories from fat and keep saturated fat intake as low as possible ** A and B
the main purpose of the national research project, the national health and nutrition examination surveys (NHANES) and the continuing survey of food intake by individuals (CSFII) is to
determine what the nutrient and dietary intake for the population in our country are
which of the following strategies should be used by someone experience heart burn
drink liquids an hour before or after meals and eat smaller meals **** A and B
which of the following is not a desirable blood lipid value
high LDL
which of the following types of foods sustain satiety longer than other foods?
high in fiber and high in protein
the main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is
high saturated and trans fat intake
nitrites are commonly found in
hot dogs AND ham
which of the following are characteristics of spreadable margarines made from polyunsaturated oils?
hydrogen is forced into the oil and some of the unsaturated fatty acids accept it and the oil becomes harder after the hydrogen is added ***A and B
fad diets are successful in the short term because they
induce a calorie deficit
nitrites are added to foods to
inhibit rancidity AND preserve their color
when the pancreas detects a high concentration of the bloods sugar, glucose, it releases
insulin
which vitamin or mineral has an UL
iron vitamin A vitamin D ****all the above
which of the following is a characteristic of alcohol?
it contributes calories & it interferes with repair of body tissues ****B and C
which of the following statements about basal metabolism is true
it supports the work that goes on all the time and it is directly controlled by the hormone thryoxine
the calorie deficiency disease resulting from chronic starvation is known as
marasmus
with two exceptions the " " food group provides almost no carbs of the diet
meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts
which of the following contain a lot of carbs
milk
which of the following groups of the USDA food guide contributes an abundance of high quality protein?
milk and meat
the abundance of type of foods today has made it
more difficult to plan a nutritious diet
which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat
nitrogen
to determine whether the main type of fatty acid in a fat is saturated or unsaturated the following guidance can be used
oils that remain a clear color in the refrigerator are unsaturated
when the blood glucose levels rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the
pancreas
which of the following is not on the major storage systems which store and release nutrients to meet the cells needs between meals
pancreas
the digestive juices in the digestive tract include
pancreatic juice, which neutralizes stomach acids reaching the small intestine
which of the following are the first to defend the body tissues against invaders
pathogens
an " " bond is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein
peptide
the most energy rich nutrient is ____
protein
which of the following nutrients yield energy, but also provides materials that form structures and working parts of body tissues
protein
the energy yielding nutrients include
protein and fat *** both a and b
glycogen is stored in the body for future use. if it is drawn upon it will
provide energy for cell activities during extended between meal intervals
what is RDA an abbreviation for
recommended dietary allowances
which of the following would be the best dietary advice for someone who needs to lower her blood cholesterol levels
reduce the intake of saturated and trans fat in your diet to lower LDL levels in the blood
the main purpose of the kidneys in the body is to
remove everyday wastes and water from the body
which of the following are the best known and most widely used antimicrobial agents
salt and sugar
cells can be best described as
self contained living entities
the primary organ of digestion and absorption is the
small intestine
harry has a monotonous diet and eats the same foods every day. you try to convince him to eat a variety of foods because
some less well know nutrients and some nonnutrient food components could be important to health
all of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except
starvation
cholesterol is the best known of the
sterols
an advertisement for a new performance-enhancing supplement is on the internet. what can you assume about the advertisement for the supplement.
the information needs to be checked for the scientific validity and accuracy
which of the following is characteristic of type one diabetes
the persons immune systems attacks the cells of the pancreas and the pancreas no longer produces insulin ****A and B
which of the following statements about trans fatty acids are true
they arise when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated
what does UL mean
tolerable upper intake levels
about 95% of the lipids in foods and in the human body are
triglycerides
waist circumference reflects the degree of _____ in proportion to body fatness
visceral fatness
the most important antioxidant related to physical activity is
vitamin E
which of the following makes up about 60% of the body weight
water
which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes
weight control, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle
when making food choices, the best types of foods to include in your diet are
whole foods, because they provide the basis of a nutritious diet
which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product?
whole grain
is it possible to have too much fiber in your diet
yes because some fibers bind with minerals and carry them out the body