Nutrition Final review

What portion of adults in the united states have high blood triglycerides?

1/4

The CDC recommends older adults engage in strength training at least two (non-consecutive) days a week, at a moderate to high intensity for ____ repetitions.

10-15

a minimum of___ minutes at a time of aerobic physical activity is recommended per activity session.

10-20mins a day

A healthy adult requires less than 40 kcalories per kilogram of body weight. A healthy infant requires about ________ kcalories per kilogram of body weigh

100

There are ________ vitamins and each has its own special dietary role to play.

13

Adults aged 51 to 70, who engage in minimal outdoor activity, need ________ micrograms of vitamin D daily.

15

The average daily iron intake

16.3 mg/day in children and teens aged 12-19 years,

an active 6-year-old child needs ____ kcalories a day.

1600

According to ACSM guidelines, resistance or strength exercise should be incorporated on _______ per week

2 to 3 nonconsecutive days

It's recommended that an athlete consume ______ of calories from fat.

20 to 35 percent

One a food label, the "% Daily Value" table compares key nutrients per serving for a person consuming how many calories daily?

2000

Sue has a BMI of 23.4 at conception. What is her recommended range of weight gain?

25-35

Studies report that the differences in the time obese and lean people spend lying, sitting, standing and moving account for about ___ kcalories per day

350 calories per day

To maintain skeletal, muscular, and cardiovascular health, a child should be physically active for at least ________ minutes each day?

60

Essential amino acids cannot be made by the body. As a result, they must come from food.

9 essential amino acids

What lowers BMR?

Age

Which of the following statements accurately describes vitamins?

Almost every action in the body requires the assistance of vitamins.

anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by an obstinate and willful refusal to eat

A person who eats a granola bar from a vending machine is most likely making a food choice based on

Availability

What substance is secreted by the gallbladder to emulsify fats?

Bile

Which of the following is characteristic of the eating pattern of people with bulimia nervosa?

Binge eating typically occurs after a period of strict dieting

what is the main role of vitamin K

Blood clotting

according to updated nutrition labeling laws, the con tent of which minerals must be listed on the nutrition facts panel

Calcium and iron

_______ are the dietary nutrients most effective at raising muscle glycogen concentrations.

Carbohydrates

essential nutrients are accurately described as having what characteristics?

Categories of essential nutrient include vitamins, dietary minerals, essential fatty acids and essential amino acids.

Which of the following has the highest percentage of its fat in saturated form?

Coconut oil

What structural characteristics define fatty acids?

Composed of carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains often with even numbers of carbons ranging from 4-36 carbons-Almost all natural fatty acids have an even number of carbons because synthesis of fatty acids requires successive condensations of two-carbon (acetate) units-Most natural fatty acids are unbranched

an athlete getting ready to compete in the 100-meter dash will rely primarily on what substance for energy in this event?

Creatine phosphate

YOU EAT A SALAD FOR LUNCH. YOUR BODY BREAKS DOWN THESE FOODS INTO NUTRIENTS IN PREPARATION FOR ABSORPTION. THIS IS CALLED _____

DIGESTION

Food labels express the nutrient content in relation to a set of standard values known as the

Daily values

The bioavailability of vitamins in food ____.

Depends on many factors, such as how the food was prepared

the lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that will maintain a specified criterion of adequacy.

Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)

The motive for people who prefer foods they grew up eating is most likely related to their....

Ethnic Heritage

Which nutrient has the greatest energy density?

Fat

Which nutrient provides a major source of dietary sulfur?

Fat-soluble vitamins

A monosaccharide; sometimes known as blood sugar or dextrose

Glucose

For short, intense exercise, which energy-producing pathway does the body rely on the most?

Glucose to pyruvate to lactate

Which compound is a storage form of energy for the body?

Glycogen

type 2 diabetes is associated with _____?

High blood triglycerides

what type of diet does research suggest can provide endurance athletes with the ability to go longer without fatigue?

High-carbohydrate diet

What organ retains or releases body fluids, thereby regulating blood volume and blood pressure?

Kidneys

when a person performing intense physical exercise begins to feel fatigue and a burning pain in the muscles, the muscles respond by synthesizing more of what substance?

Lactate

What is the simplest nutrient?

Minerals

________ refers to an increase to the size and strength of muscles in response to use.

Muscle hypertrophy

"K calorie-free" is an example of _________ Claim

Nutrient

What are examples of foods that are considered the best source of zinc?

Oysters

Farah is a movie fan and always eats a big bucket of buttery popcorn at the theater. Her food choice is most likely based on

Positive Association

Anaerobic

Process that does not require oxygen

what or who is the best source of nutrition information?

Registered Dietitian

What raises BMR?

Regular exercise increases muscle mass and teaches the body to burn kilojoules at a faster rate, even when at rest. Drugs - like caffeine or nicotine, can increase the BMR.

What is the most important predictor of a person's mobility in the later years?

Regular physical activity

what is sugar the helps make ATP?

Ribose

the first dietary objective in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is to what?

Stop weight loss

Why vitamins and minerals are sometimes called micronutrients?

The body requires only small amounts daily

________ are the two components that make up approximately 15 pounds of the recommended weight gain during pregnancy.

The infant at birth and the mother's fat stores

what are the categories of the dietary reference intake ?

The reference values, collectively called the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), include the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), and Estimated Average Requirement (EAR).

which organs provide secretions to aid in digestion?

The salivary glands, liver and gall bladder, and the pancreas aid the processes of ingestion, digestion, and absorption.

B vitamins are important for making sure the body's cells are functioning properly.

They help the body convert food into energy (metabolism), create new blood cells, and maintain healthy skin cells, brain cells, and other body tissues.

What are ways the body uses iron?

To make hemoglobin

The major form of lipid in the body and in food

Triglyceride

is defined as the maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse side effects?

UL

Good sources of carbohydrates include:

Whole grains, cereal products, dried beans, rice, and pasta.

low-carb diet induce ketosis?

Yes

When you're overweight or obese, your heart has to work harder to pump blood through your body. But all that extra effort puts strain on your arteries.

Your arteries, in turn, resist this flow of blood, causing your blood pressure to rise.

Minerals are accurately described as having what characteristics

a mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties.

iron balance is maintained primarily through

absorption.

anabolic reaction

amino acids becoming protein

amino acid contains

amino group, carboxyl group, R group

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are the levels of intake of essential nutrients are judged by the Food and Nutrition Board to be adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy persons.

are judged by the Food and Nutrition Board to be adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy persons.

Catabolism

breaking down of body compounds

what are the 6 different classes of nutrients

carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water

Consuming a sports beverage to obtain carbohydrates is recommended _______.

during exhausting endurance activities lasting more than 1 hour

Vitamin D2 is derived from plant foods and also is known as ________.

ergocalciferol

Activities lasting longer than 20 minutes will gradually start using more ______ for fuel and less ______.

fat; glucose

The influence of how a mother's nutrient intake may change gene expression to increase the infant's development of obesity or chronic diseases later in life is referred to as?

fetal programming

Which of the following nutrients taken as a prenatal supplement has been found to be associated with a lower incidence of neural tube defects?

folic acid/ folate

The phenomenon known as "hitting the wall" occurs in athletes when _____ is depleted.

glucose

The body's primary source of glucose during physical activity is _______.

glycogen

Calories or kcalories are a measure of what energy?

heat energy

Selenium is known to have a specific role in immunity?

helps lower oxidative stress in your body, which reduces inflammation and enhances immunity. Studies have demonstrated that increased blood levels of selenium are associated with enhanced immune response

What do vitamins and minerals do for enzymes?

hey help make up cofactors and coenzymes.

The nutrients needs of older people vary according to individual

individual histories

The increased need for ________ in pregnancy cannot be met by diet or by existing stores, so supplementation is often recommended

iron

What is sarcopenia?

loss of muscle mass a nd strength

a less preferred term for clinically severe obesity is___?

morbid obesity

A leading cause of pediatric hypertension is:

obesity

what is the definition of obesity?

obesity = a body weight 20% greater than ideal body weight (or a BMI of 30+, which would bed above the 95%ile)

from which B vitamin is CoA derived?

pantothenic acid.

An individual is described as ________ when they have the endurance to engage in daily activities, as well enough reserve energy to handle added challenges.

physically fit

The fetus receives nourishment through the_________________________.

placenta

what foods are great examples of ultra-processed foods?

pop and fruit drinks, sweetened yogurt, sweet or savory packaged snacks, many ready-to-heat products: pre-prepared pies, pasta, and pizza dishes

The regular use of diuretics can lead to a ______ deficiency.

potassium

The DASH diet helps to lower blood pressure by providing more key nutrients, such as

potassium, calcium, and magnesium,

What are the features of aerobic metabolism?

process of aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates are carbon dioxide and water. Your body disposes of these by breathing, sweating, and urination. Are easier to remove from the body.

Which energy yielding nutrients are found in part of the structural component of muscles and help regulate digestion?

protein

when compares to breast milk or infant formula, cows milk contains too much ___________, too little ______________

protein carbohydrate

What is nutritional genomics?

study of how specific food components affect gene expression in your cells and thereby your health

What is the definition of metabolism

the chemical physical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. It encompasses the two fundamental process of anabolism and catabolism

Which of the following best explains why the environment plays a role in obesity?

the gene pool has remained relatively unchanged, but obesity rates have been rising

what is the role of omega-3 fatty acids in immune function?

their ability to reduce inflammation

Vitamin E is found mainly in

vegetable oils

Older adults with atrophic gastritis are vulnerable to ________ deficiency.

vitamin B12

Which of the following nutrients need to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby's diet?

vitamin C and iron

The body needs needs more ___ each day than any other nutrient ?

water

an apple is composed primarily of which nutrient?

water

what essential nutrient provides the environment in which nearly all the body's activities take place?

water