Nutrition Fitness Exam 7

May improve cognitive and social function in people with Alzheimer's disease

ginkgo biloba

Which herbal remedy acts as an anticoagulant and should not be used by people with bleeding or seizure disorders?

ginkgo biloba

Which substrate(s) is/are primarily used to fuel exercise at 70% VO2 max or higher?​

glucose

​Storage form of glucose

glycogen

Condition caused by low body water and sodium content due to excessive loss of water through sweat in hot weather

heat exhaustion

May diminish upper respiratory infection

echinacea

Approximately how many dietary supplements have been adequately tested by the FDA?

0.3%

Craig should plan to eat a meal within _____ after weight training.

2 hrs

Serves as the source of energy for muscle contraction

ATP

Craig and the dietitian discuss ways in which he can stay hydrated. Which strategy would be the best option for a training session over an hour in duration?​

Consume water and beverages that provide sodium and carbohydrate during his workout.

According to _____ regulations, dietary supplements must be labeled with a Supplemental Facts panel.

FDA

Who implemented an "Adverse Events Reporting System" website?

FDA

A person experiencing blood loss may benefit from _____ supplements.

Fe

When _____ stores are low or hemoglobin levels are low, less oxygen is delivered to cells, and less energy is produced than normal. ​

Fe

Which individual will most likely benefit from a dietary supplement?

James, who lives in a rural area that does not have fluoridated water

Which bacterium helps prevent disease through a variety of mechanisms?

Listeria

What is the only electrolyte that should be added to sports drinks or other fluids consumed by athletes?​

Na

Minerals such as sodium, magnesium, and potassium that carry a charge when in solution

electrolytes

Diets providing up to 35% of total calories from protein are compatible with health, but may provide too little _____ and lead to early fatigue in athletes.​

carbohydrate

Which food provides approximately 20 grams of high-quality protein? ​

chicken (3oz)

The FDA largely relies on reports of ill effects from manufacturers, health professionals, and _____.

consumers

Which food is a source of probiotics?

cottage cheese

Which condition is characterized by hot, dry skin, labored and rapid breathing, a rapid pulse, nausea, blurred vision, irrational behavior, and, often, coma?​

heat stroke

Which condition requires emergency medical attention?​

heat stroke

Also called botanicals

herbal remedies

Female athletes with missing and irregular periods are at risk for developing _____.​

osteoporosis

Which food is a source of prebiotics?

sauerkraut

A safety concern of ginger is that it may cause gastrointestinal upset.

true

Vitamin C, especially in high doses, can be harmful to certain groups of people.

true

When choosing a dietary supplement, choose vitamin and mineral supplements containing 100% of the Daily Value or less.

true

A vegan may benefit from a _____ supplement.

vitamin B12

Individuals with impaired absorption processes may benefit from _____ supplements.

vitamin B12

Condition that results when the body accumulates more water than it can excrete due to low availability of sodium

water intoxication

If Craig's team trains at 3 p.m., what time should he plan to eat prior to his workout?

​between noon and 1 p.m.

The stores of which substrate(s) are limited and decrease rapidly during intensive exercise? ​

​creatine phosphate only

What advice would you give a friend who is considering taking an herbal supplement?

"Many people assume that herbal remedies are safe because they are natural components of plants and have been used in traditional medicine for a long time, but not all plants are safe."

A vitamin or mineral supplement may be beneficial when a deficiency exists.

true

Abnormal menstrual cycles should not be dismissed as a normal part of training.

true

About half of U.S. adults use one or more of the dietary supplement products available on the market.

true

All athletes require more than their RDA of protein.

true

Approximately 2 cups of fluid are needed for every pound of body weight lost during exercise.​

true

Bifidobacteria helps prevent disease.

true

Depending on the dose and duration of use, anabolic steroids can lead to mood changes ranging from depression to hostility. ​

true

Female athletes are at higher risk of iron-deficiency anemia than other females.

true

Herbal remedies have been used in traditional medicine in China and India for over 5,000 years.

true

High-sugar beverages can cause fluid to be drawn into the intestines, which increases the risk of dehydration.

true

Hyponatremia is most likely to occur in endurance athletes.

true

In 1994, Congress passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.

true

Much more ATP is delivered by the breakdown of fatty acids than glucose.

true

People sweat more during physical activity in hot, humid weather.

true

Pregnant or breastfeeding women should seek medical advice before taking an herbal remedy.​

true

Probiotics are considered dietary supplements.

true

Pyruvate is converted to lactate in the absence of oxygen.​

true

Some dietary supplements contain banned substances.

true

The 20-gram protein level appears to represent the limit on the amount of amino acids that can be incorporated into muscle cells post-exercise.

true

The Supplement Facts panel must include a listing of ingredients.

true

Which ingredient in the acai berry supplement is a prebiotic?

wheat

Protein is needed to _____.

​repair and rebuild muscle

​Amino acid containing a high-energy phosphate molecule in muscles

creatinine phosphate

Caffeine is a mild stimulant consumed by many athletes to _____ during exercise. ​

decrease fatigue and increase alertness

Condition that occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in

dehydration

Which condition(s) can be remedied by fluids and appropriate amounts of electrolytes?

dehydration and heat exhaustion

What is a valid reason for consuming a vitamin or mineral supplement?

diagnosed deficiency

Any products intended to supplement the diet

dietary supplements

Dietary supplements _____.

do not list side effects on product labels

Which ingredient in the supplement has been found to be unsafe or ineffective according to human studies with various herbal remedies?

ephedra

​Technique or substance used for the purpose of enhancing performance

ergogenic aids

Which substance is banned for use by athletes?​

erythropoietin

Which hormone increases the uptake of glucose and amino acids by muscle cells?​

estrogen

18. It has been shown that creatine supplements increase strength to a greater extent than high-quality protein from food. ​

false

All plant-based substances, such as those found in herbal remedies, are safe.

false

Androstenedione is considered effective and safe according to human studies.

false

Athletes engaged in events lasting an hour or less should drink beverages that contain carbohydrates to maintain hydration status.

false

Caffeine is a prohibited substance according to the World Anti-Doping Agency.

false

Dietary supplements are considered drugs.

false

Dietary supplements are intended to prevent disease.

false

Dietary supplements must be tested for safety and effectiveness prior to being sold.

false

For competitive reasons, wrestlers often want to stay in the highest weight class possible and may go to great lengths to achieve it.​

false

Generally, it is safe to mix herbal remedies when using them.

false

Genetics and training are the only factors that affect physical performance.

false

Glucose and amino acids are the two main substrates used for energy formation in muscles.

false

Heat exhaustion requires emergency medical care. ​

false

Herbal products represent the most popular type of dietary supplement.

false

Miso soup is a source of prebiotics.

false

Multivitamin and mineral supplements can turn a poor dietary pattern into a healthful one.

false

People who run out of fat during an endurance event "hit the wall."

false

Saturation of glycogen stores works best if you start when glycogen stores are depleted.

false

Structure/function claims on a supplement label can refer to treatment effects.

false

The FDA regulates claims for dietary supplements made in print and broadcast advertisements.

false

The USP logo on the product label of a supplement indicates that it effectively treats or prevents a particular disease.

false

The dosage of vitamin and mineral supplements can safely be exceeded.

false

Vitamin and mineral supplements have been found to prevent hypertension but not heart disease.

false

Which substrate(s) is/are primarily used to fuel exercise below 60% VO2 max?​

fatty acids only

May decrease blood pressure to a small extent

garlic

Which herbal remedy should only be used under medical supervision due to multiple interactions?

garlic

​Which herbal remedy may decrease blood clotting and interact with blood thinners?

garlic

​May reduce motion sickness, nausea, and vomiting

ginger

​Condition caused by prolonged exposure to environmental heat or strenuous physical activity and requiring emergency medical care

heat stroke

Proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance

high-quality protein

​State of the adequacy of fluid in the body tissues

hydration status

Bonking is due to _____ and causes severe weakness, fatigue, confusion, and disorientation. ​

hypoglycemia

Which condition can cause nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizures, and coma?​

hyponatermia

Deficiency of sodium in the blood

hyponatremia

Which dietary supplement lacks beneficial effects or has adverse side effects according to human studies with various herbal remedies?

licorice root

The signs and symptoms of dehydration may include _____.

lightheadedness

Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by increasing the _____.

mass of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestines and colon

The USP logo on a supplement label indicates that the product _____.

meets standards for disintegration, purity, potency, and labeling

Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by enhancing the absorption of certain _____.

minerals

Who may benefit from a vitamin K supplement?

newborns

The symptoms of heat exhaustion include _____. ​

paleness

Vitamins and minerals _____. ​

participate in energy formation

Which food would be the best option for Craig prior to his workout?​

pasta

Ability to perform a physical task or sport at a desired or particular level

physical performance

​Non-digestible carbohydrates that serve as food for and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestine and colon

prebiotics

​Live microorganisms which resist digestion, and when administered in adequate amounts of appropriate strains, confer health benefits to the host

probiotics

Creatine is an example of a _____ supplement.

protein and amino acid

May relieve mild to moderate depression

saint john's wort

Which food is a source of high-quality protein?​

soy milk

Upon closer review of the supplement's packaging, Alan notices a claim on the label that says, "Improves circulation!" This is an example of a _____.

structure/function claim

Fluid loss per hour of exercise

sweat rate

Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by decreasing the _____.

symptoms and onset of urinary tract infections

Combinations of prebiotics and probiotics that interact in ways that generally benefit both and the health of the host

synbiotics

Use of probiotics may cause _____.

temporary gas and bloating

Substances derived from _____ are considered to be anabolic steroids.​

testosterone

Water intoxication can generally be prevented by periodic consumption of a beverage containing about _____ mg of sodium per 8 ounces.

100

Most athletes consuming a typical U.S. diet normally have enough glycogen stores to fuel continuous, intense exercise for about _____ hours.​

2

How much high-quality protein should Craig consume after weight training?​

20 g

Individuals undertaking strength or endurance training may need _____ grams of additional protein daily to support muscle protein synthesis and repair.​

20-40

A dose of approximately _____ mg per day of caffeine appears to increase cognitive processes during exercise. ​

200

Individuals aged 60 years and older may need up to _____ g of protein after resistance training to maximize muscle protein synthesis.​

40

Liz is preparing for a triathlon and recently went for a run and bike ride. During the training session she drank 16 ounces of fluid and lost two pounds. What was her sweat rate?​

48 oz

Glycogen stores can be increased by consuming a meal or snack containing about _____ g of carbohydrate before an endurance event begins. ​

60

The dietitian encourages Craig to monitor his weight before and after his workouts to determine his sweat rate. After his 90-minute weekend training run, Craig discovers that he lost 3 pounds and he drank 16 ounces during his run. What is his sweat rate?​

64 oz

According to the American Medical Association and the Association for Sports Medicine, a minimum of _____% body fat should be used as a qualifier for assigning wrestlers to a particular weight class.​

7

If a function claim is made on the label or package inserts, the label or insert must include the FDA disclaimer, which states that the _____.

FDA does not support the claim

Which beverage is recommended to maintain hydration status for an athlete who recently participated in an event that lasted less than an hour?​

H2O

It is unsafe for people who have an autoimmune disorder to use _____.

St. John's wort

What is the best advice for someone who consistently eats junk foods and processed foods, but insists that his diet is healthy because he takes a multivitamin and mineral supplement daily?

The health quality of a dietary pattern is determined by more than its vitamin and mineral content.