Nutrition Fitness Exam 7
May improve cognitive and social function in people with Alzheimer's disease
ginkgo biloba
Which herbal remedy acts as an anticoagulant and should not be used by people with bleeding or seizure disorders?
ginkgo biloba
Which substrate(s) is/are primarily used to fuel exercise at 70% VO2 max or higher?
glucose
Storage form of glucose
glycogen
Condition caused by low body water and sodium content due to excessive loss of water through sweat in hot weather
heat exhaustion
May diminish upper respiratory infection
echinacea
Approximately how many dietary supplements have been adequately tested by the FDA?
0.3%
Craig should plan to eat a meal within _____ after weight training.
2 hrs
Serves as the source of energy for muscle contraction
ATP
Craig and the dietitian discuss ways in which he can stay hydrated. Which strategy would be the best option for a training session over an hour in duration?
Consume water and beverages that provide sodium and carbohydrate during his workout.
According to _____ regulations, dietary supplements must be labeled with a Supplemental Facts panel.
FDA
Who implemented an "Adverse Events Reporting System" website?
FDA
A person experiencing blood loss may benefit from _____ supplements.
Fe
When _____ stores are low or hemoglobin levels are low, less oxygen is delivered to cells, and less energy is produced than normal.
Fe
Which individual will most likely benefit from a dietary supplement?
James, who lives in a rural area that does not have fluoridated water
Which bacterium helps prevent disease through a variety of mechanisms?
Listeria
What is the only electrolyte that should be added to sports drinks or other fluids consumed by athletes?
Na
Minerals such as sodium, magnesium, and potassium that carry a charge when in solution
electrolytes
Diets providing up to 35% of total calories from protein are compatible with health, but may provide too little _____ and lead to early fatigue in athletes.
carbohydrate
Which food provides approximately 20 grams of high-quality protein?
chicken (3oz)
The FDA largely relies on reports of ill effects from manufacturers, health professionals, and _____.
consumers
Which food is a source of probiotics?
cottage cheese
Which condition is characterized by hot, dry skin, labored and rapid breathing, a rapid pulse, nausea, blurred vision, irrational behavior, and, often, coma?
heat stroke
Which condition requires emergency medical attention?
heat stroke
Also called botanicals
herbal remedies
Female athletes with missing and irregular periods are at risk for developing _____.
osteoporosis
Which food is a source of prebiotics?
sauerkraut
A safety concern of ginger is that it may cause gastrointestinal upset.
true
Vitamin C, especially in high doses, can be harmful to certain groups of people.
true
When choosing a dietary supplement, choose vitamin and mineral supplements containing 100% of the Daily Value or less.
true
A vegan may benefit from a _____ supplement.
vitamin B12
Individuals with impaired absorption processes may benefit from _____ supplements.
vitamin B12
Condition that results when the body accumulates more water than it can excrete due to low availability of sodium
water intoxication
If Craig's team trains at 3 p.m., what time should he plan to eat prior to his workout?
between noon and 1 p.m.
The stores of which substrate(s) are limited and decrease rapidly during intensive exercise?
creatine phosphate only
What advice would you give a friend who is considering taking an herbal supplement?
"Many people assume that herbal remedies are safe because they are natural components of plants and have been used in traditional medicine for a long time, but not all plants are safe."
A vitamin or mineral supplement may be beneficial when a deficiency exists.
true
Abnormal menstrual cycles should not be dismissed as a normal part of training.
true
About half of U.S. adults use one or more of the dietary supplement products available on the market.
true
All athletes require more than their RDA of protein.
true
Approximately 2 cups of fluid are needed for every pound of body weight lost during exercise.
true
Bifidobacteria helps prevent disease.
true
Depending on the dose and duration of use, anabolic steroids can lead to mood changes ranging from depression to hostility.
true
Female athletes are at higher risk of iron-deficiency anemia than other females.
true
Herbal remedies have been used in traditional medicine in China and India for over 5,000 years.
true
High-sugar beverages can cause fluid to be drawn into the intestines, which increases the risk of dehydration.
true
Hyponatremia is most likely to occur in endurance athletes.
true
In 1994, Congress passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.
true
Much more ATP is delivered by the breakdown of fatty acids than glucose.
true
People sweat more during physical activity in hot, humid weather.
true
Pregnant or breastfeeding women should seek medical advice before taking an herbal remedy.
true
Probiotics are considered dietary supplements.
true
Pyruvate is converted to lactate in the absence of oxygen.
true
Some dietary supplements contain banned substances.
true
The 20-gram protein level appears to represent the limit on the amount of amino acids that can be incorporated into muscle cells post-exercise.
true
The Supplement Facts panel must include a listing of ingredients.
true
Which ingredient in the acai berry supplement is a prebiotic?
wheat
Protein is needed to _____.
repair and rebuild muscle
Amino acid containing a high-energy phosphate molecule in muscles
creatinine phosphate
Caffeine is a mild stimulant consumed by many athletes to _____ during exercise.
decrease fatigue and increase alertness
Condition that occurs when the body loses more water than it takes in
dehydration
Which condition(s) can be remedied by fluids and appropriate amounts of electrolytes?
dehydration and heat exhaustion
What is a valid reason for consuming a vitamin or mineral supplement?
diagnosed deficiency
Any products intended to supplement the diet
dietary supplements
Dietary supplements _____.
do not list side effects on product labels
Which ingredient in the supplement has been found to be unsafe or ineffective according to human studies with various herbal remedies?
ephedra
Technique or substance used for the purpose of enhancing performance
ergogenic aids
Which substance is banned for use by athletes?
erythropoietin
Which hormone increases the uptake of glucose and amino acids by muscle cells?
estrogen
18. It has been shown that creatine supplements increase strength to a greater extent than high-quality protein from food.
false
All plant-based substances, such as those found in herbal remedies, are safe.
false
Androstenedione is considered effective and safe according to human studies.
false
Athletes engaged in events lasting an hour or less should drink beverages that contain carbohydrates to maintain hydration status.
false
Caffeine is a prohibited substance according to the World Anti-Doping Agency.
false
Dietary supplements are considered drugs.
false
Dietary supplements are intended to prevent disease.
false
Dietary supplements must be tested for safety and effectiveness prior to being sold.
false
For competitive reasons, wrestlers often want to stay in the highest weight class possible and may go to great lengths to achieve it.
false
Generally, it is safe to mix herbal remedies when using them.
false
Genetics and training are the only factors that affect physical performance.
false
Glucose and amino acids are the two main substrates used for energy formation in muscles.
false
Heat exhaustion requires emergency medical care.
false
Herbal products represent the most popular type of dietary supplement.
false
Miso soup is a source of prebiotics.
false
Multivitamin and mineral supplements can turn a poor dietary pattern into a healthful one.
false
People who run out of fat during an endurance event "hit the wall."
false
Saturation of glycogen stores works best if you start when glycogen stores are depleted.
false
Structure/function claims on a supplement label can refer to treatment effects.
false
The FDA regulates claims for dietary supplements made in print and broadcast advertisements.
false
The USP logo on the product label of a supplement indicates that it effectively treats or prevents a particular disease.
false
The dosage of vitamin and mineral supplements can safely be exceeded.
false
Vitamin and mineral supplements have been found to prevent hypertension but not heart disease.
false
Which substrate(s) is/are primarily used to fuel exercise below 60% VO2 max?
fatty acids only
May decrease blood pressure to a small extent
garlic
Which herbal remedy should only be used under medical supervision due to multiple interactions?
garlic
Which herbal remedy may decrease blood clotting and interact with blood thinners?
garlic
May reduce motion sickness, nausea, and vomiting
ginger
Condition caused by prolonged exposure to environmental heat or strenuous physical activity and requiring emergency medical care
heat stroke
Proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
high-quality protein
State of the adequacy of fluid in the body tissues
hydration status
Bonking is due to _____ and causes severe weakness, fatigue, confusion, and disorientation.
hypoglycemia
Which condition can cause nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizures, and coma?
hyponatermia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood
hyponatremia
Which dietary supplement lacks beneficial effects or has adverse side effects according to human studies with various herbal remedies?
licorice root
The signs and symptoms of dehydration may include _____.
lightheadedness
Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by increasing the _____.
mass of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestines and colon
The USP logo on a supplement label indicates that the product _____.
meets standards for disintegration, purity, potency, and labeling
Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by enhancing the absorption of certain _____.
minerals
Who may benefit from a vitamin K supplement?
newborns
The symptoms of heat exhaustion include _____.
paleness
Vitamins and minerals _____.
participate in energy formation
Which food would be the best option for Craig prior to his workout?
pasta
Ability to perform a physical task or sport at a desired or particular level
physical performance
Non-digestible carbohydrates that serve as food for and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestine and colon
prebiotics
Live microorganisms which resist digestion, and when administered in adequate amounts of appropriate strains, confer health benefits to the host
probiotics
Creatine is an example of a _____ supplement.
protein and amino acid
May relieve mild to moderate depression
saint john's wort
Which food is a source of high-quality protein?
soy milk
Upon closer review of the supplement's packaging, Alan notices a claim on the label that says, "Improves circulation!" This is an example of a _____.
structure/function claim
Fluid loss per hour of exercise
sweat rate
Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by decreasing the _____.
symptoms and onset of urinary tract infections
Combinations of prebiotics and probiotics that interact in ways that generally benefit both and the health of the host
synbiotics
Use of probiotics may cause _____.
temporary gas and bloating
Substances derived from _____ are considered to be anabolic steroids.
testosterone
Water intoxication can generally be prevented by periodic consumption of a beverage containing about _____ mg of sodium per 8 ounces.
100
Most athletes consuming a typical U.S. diet normally have enough glycogen stores to fuel continuous, intense exercise for about _____ hours.
2
How much high-quality protein should Craig consume after weight training?
20 g
Individuals undertaking strength or endurance training may need _____ grams of additional protein daily to support muscle protein synthesis and repair.
20-40
A dose of approximately _____ mg per day of caffeine appears to increase cognitive processes during exercise.
200
Individuals aged 60 years and older may need up to _____ g of protein after resistance training to maximize muscle protein synthesis.
40
Liz is preparing for a triathlon and recently went for a run and bike ride. During the training session she drank 16 ounces of fluid and lost two pounds. What was her sweat rate?
48 oz
Glycogen stores can be increased by consuming a meal or snack containing about _____ g of carbohydrate before an endurance event begins.
60
The dietitian encourages Craig to monitor his weight before and after his workouts to determine his sweat rate. After his 90-minute weekend training run, Craig discovers that he lost 3 pounds and he drank 16 ounces during his run. What is his sweat rate?
64 oz
According to the American Medical Association and the Association for Sports Medicine, a minimum of _____% body fat should be used as a qualifier for assigning wrestlers to a particular weight class.
7
If a function claim is made on the label or package inserts, the label or insert must include the FDA disclaimer, which states that the _____.
FDA does not support the claim
Which beverage is recommended to maintain hydration status for an athlete who recently participated in an event that lasted less than an hour?
H2O
It is unsafe for people who have an autoimmune disorder to use _____.
St. John's wort
What is the best advice for someone who consistently eats junk foods and processed foods, but insists that his diet is healthy because he takes a multivitamin and mineral supplement daily?
The health quality of a dietary pattern is determined by more than its vitamin and mineral content.