nutrition midterm

Which of the following is the RDA for protein for an average, healthy adult? -1 g/lb/day -4 g/kg/day -0.8 g/kg/day -8 g/kg/day

0.8 g/kg/day

place in order - An unstable plaque develops with a fatty core and thin, fibrous outer shell - The blood clot enlarges until an occlusion is formed - A fatty steak develops between the intima and the media - Plaque ruptures into the bloodstream - Thrombosis begins at the site of the plaque rupture

1. A fatty steak develops between the intima and the media 2. An unstable plaque develops with a fatty core and thin, fibrous outer shell 3. Plaque ruptures into the bloodstream 4. Thrombosis begins at the site of the plaque rupture 5. The blood clot enlarges until an occlusion is formed

Which of the following is a difference between a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and an Adequate Intake (AI)? -An AI is the average amount of a nutrient needed, and an RDA is the minimum amount needed per day. -An AI covers 50% of the population, while an RDA covers 97% of the population. -An AI is set when there is not enough data to determine the normal distribution of nutrient needs and set an RDA. -All of the above

An AI is set when there is not enough data to determine the normal distribution of nutrient needs and set an RDA.

Which of the following statements best describes the research using animals? -If large animal studies are repeatedly performed for a particular intervention, we can be certain that the intervention will work the same in humans -Animal studies give us good data, but cannot solely be used to predict how humans will respond to a specific intervention -Animal studies are not useful for developing interventions for humans. -Only animal studies conducted using primates are useful when considering possible interventions for humans.

Animal studies give us good data, but cannot solely be used to predict how humans will respond to a specific intervention

About how much of your plate should be fruits and vegetables at each meal?

1/2

The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for protein is:

10% - 35%

Phospholipids consist of glycerol with __________ attached.

2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

Which of the following four foods make up approximately 1/3 of the calories eaten by Americans? -salt, wheat, corn, beef -wheat, gluten, corn and high-fructose corn syrup -carbohydrates, saturated fat, sugar, and salt -Corn, soy, rice, and wheat

Corn, soy, rice, and wheat

What type of milk is recommended for infants less than 6 months old?

Infants should have breast milk or formula only. The amounts of protein, sodium, and potassium in cow's milk are too high for infants

Your friend Dan has decided that he wants to build up the muscles in his arms. He knows you are taking a nutrition class, so he asks you which protein shake will be best for his fitness goals. What do you tell him?

Protein alone will not build muscles. Buying special shakes to get large amounts of protein may just cost him extra money.

Which of the following statements about type 2 diabetes is true? -Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include age, lack of physical activity and excess body weight. -People who have type 2 diabetes have to take insulin in order to live. -People who have type 2 diabetes can easily cure themselves by simply losing weight and becoming physically active. -Eating too much whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes.

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include age, lack of physical activity and excess body weight.

Which type of fatty acid is most likely to be solid at room temperature?

Saturated

Your friend tells you that he thinks he might have an allergy to gluten and is thinking of doing an at-home food sensitivity test. He knows that you are taking this nutrition class and asks you what you think. Which of the following is the best place for him to go to find evidence-based advice?

The website of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. They are a professional medical organization.

Which of the following statements about type 1 diabetes is correct? -Type 1 diabetes is the worst type of diabetes because people with type 1 diabetes have to take insulin. -Type 1 diabetes occurs when cells are no longer sensitive to insulin, usually due to age, obesity, or inactivity. -Maintaining a healthy body weight and staying active could prevent almost all cases of type 1 diabetes in the U.S. -Type 1 diabetes occurs when pancreatic cells that produce insulin are destroyed, usually by the body's own immune system.

Type 1 diabetes occurs when pancreatic cells that produce insulin are destroyed, usually by the body's own immune system.

Which of the following statements about protein digestion & absorption is true? -Once a protein is swallowed, it will continue to function the same way it did in the person or animal's body. -We typically do not absorb whole proteins. -Protein denaturation that begins while cooking will be halted or neutralized by hydrochloric acid in the stomach once the food is swallowed. -It is important to supplement your diet with pre-digested amino acids if you have digestive problems.

We typically do not absorb whole proteins.

Which hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells? -ghrelin -prolactin -insulin -glucagon

insulin

Which of the following would be considered "food" in the sense that it provides nourishment? Milk Chicken Strawberry smoothie all the above

all the above

Which of the following is required by law to appear on packaged foods? -The GMO content of the food -The amount of gluten in a serving of the product -Allergy information -Whether or not a product is health

allergy info

Which of the following foods is most likely to contain partially hydrogenated oils? -fish. -commercially made crackers and cookies. -salad dressings. -fruits and vegetables

commercially made crackers and cookies

Which of the following sugars tastes the sweetest? -Honey (mostly fructose) -High-fructose corn syrup -Glucose -Sucrose (table sugar)

honey

An antibody

is a type of protein that helps protect the body from pathogens.

Ashley notices that every time she drinks milk, she feels bloated and yucky for a few hours afterwards. Her father is lactose intolerant and has similar symptoms, so she wonders if she is lactose intolerant, too. Using the terminology of the scientific method, we could say that Ashley has formed a(n) ___________ that she is lactose intolerant.

hypothesis

Which of the following is formed during lipid digestion? -micelles -cis fatty acids. -trans fatty acids. -acetyl CoA.

micelles

Choose the food that is the most energy dense. -French Sandwich Roll. 72 grams = 200 calories -Mixed salty nuts. 33 grams = 200 calories -Grapes. 290 grams = 200 calories -Canned green peas. 357 grams = 200 calories

mixed salty nuts

t/f Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables as part of an overall healthy diet may protect against certain types of cancer.

true

t/f The calorie needs of a person may change based on their level of physical activity.

true

The waste product resulting from the conversion of an amino acid into ATP is:

urea, or urine.

You decide to perform an experiment and set the following foods out on your kitchen counter. Which would you expect to spoil the fastest?

canola oil

Which of the following is considered a macronutrient? -Carbohydrates -Vitamins -Minerals -All of the above

carbs

Low glycemic index foods will cause a ______________ rise in blood sugars (blood glucose).

slow

CHO absorption occurs in the _______.

small intestine

The process of protein synthesis is directed by

the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.

If you were to analyze the composition of adipose tissue, you would likely find an abundance of

triglycerides.

The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for carbohydrates is:

45% - 65%

What is a confounding variable?

A factor that may affect the results of a study in addition to the factor or experiment being studied.

Which of the following would be the least reliable source of information about herbal supplements? -A government publication -A dietitian -A pamphlet published by the health food store -A peer-reviewed article available on the Internet

A pamphlet published by the health food store

The edema that is symptomatic of kwashiorkor relates to which of the following roles of protein?

Fluid balance

Which of the following statements reflect Michael Pollan's description of the interactions between consumers, health care professionals, the food industry, and journalists? -Journalists are in the best position to interpret scientific research because they are able to write in lay-man's terms. -Nutritionists generally don't keep up with the latest scientific findings, so the most accurate and up to date information about eating healthy will be found in news articles and magazines. -The food industry makes a much bigger profit when people purchase tried and true products that require minimal processing. -Food industry marketing and journalists are both in need of "new and improved" stories and products to convince consumers to read articles and/or purchase new products.

Food industry marketing and journalists are both in need of "new and improved" stories and products to convince consumers to read articles and/or purchase new products

Which of the following pathways in energy metabolism can be "reversed"? -Pyruvate to AcetylCoA -Glucose to Pyruvate -Neither A nor B -Both A& B

Glucose to Pyruvate

"During the metabolism of a carbohydrate into energy, the following compounds are formed in what order?"

Glucose, Pyvruate, acetylCoA, ATP

Which of the following is a list of anabolic hormones? -Glucagon, epinephrine, glucocorticoids, thyroxin -Insulin, sex hormones, thyroxin, growth hormone -Growth hormone, thyroxin, epinephrine, glucagon -Sex hormones, insulin, glucagon, glucocorticoids

Insulin, sex hormones, thyroxin, growth hormone

Which statement about sources of protein is false? -Animal sources of protein contain all of the essential amino acids for humans -It is difficult to meet most people's protein requirements without consuming animal proteins -Legumes are an example of a high-protein plant food. -Plant sources of protein can easily meet most people's protein requirements.

It is difficult to meet most people's protein requirements without consuming animal proteins

What is the best way to know that the bread you are buying is a whole-grain bread?

One of the ingredients contains the word "whole"

How is a transient ischemic attack (TIA) different from an ischemic stroke?

When a TIA is over, there is no permanent brain injury, whereas there is a permanent injury after a stroke.

Most carbohydrates in your diet should come from:

Whole grains, fruits, or vegetables

What color vegetable should you eat the most of?

You should eat a variety of colors, not just one color.

Which of the following foods is a vegetarian choice in the protein group? -Sesame seeds -Black bean veggie burgers -Peanut butter -all the above

all the above

Sucrose, or table sugar, is composed of

a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose

Hemoglobin is an example of

a transport protein.

The two major functions associated with the digestive system include digestion and

absorption and metabolism

Which of the following accessory organs releases its secretions into the GI tract? -Gallbladder -Pancreas -Salivary glands -all

all

Which of the following populations are often targeted by questionable "alternative" treatments? -Adolescents -People with cancer -Athletes -all

all

Which of the following populations has an increased risk for lactose intolerance? -African-Americans -Hispanics/Latinos -American Indians -All of the above

all

Which of the following is the best definition of orthorexia? -non-compliance with a healthy diet -the fear of gaining weight -an eating disorder caused by eating too much processed food -an unhealthy obsession with eating "healthy"

an unhealthy obsession with eating "healthy"

To estimate protein requirements, you must know a person's

body weight

Which of the following people would be considered malnourished? -Sue, who has iron-deficiency anemia -John, who is having toxicity symptoms from a vitamin supplement he has been taking. -Neither John nor Sue appear to be malnourished. -Both John and Sue are malnourished

both

During which of the following metabolic pathways is ATP produced? -The TCA Cycle or Krebs Cycle -Glycolysis -the Electron Transport Chain -Gluconeogenesis

electron trans chain

t/f "1 gram of fat provides approximately 4 calories"

false

t/f "In order to prevent deficiencies, a person should consume the RDA of each nutrient every day"

false

t/f "The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) should not be exceeded by any individual at any time."

false

Fructose is found mostly in

fruits and vegetables.

Which of the following nutrients can be used to replenish glycogen stores? -Glucose and amino acids -Glucose and fatty acids -Glycerol and fatty acids -Amino acids and fatty acids

glucose and amino acids

Which of the following statements about glycogen is true? -glycogen is stored in the pancreas -Insulin is the hormone that signals the body to break down glycogen (glycogenolysis) -glycogen can only be formed from food sources of carbohydrates -glycogen is a storage form of glucose in humans and animals

glycogen is a storage form of glucose in humans and animals

The Mediterranean Diet has been shown to decrease the rates of:

heart disease and cancer

Where does digestion begin?

mouth

Which of the following common types of sugar is the healthiest? -Brown sugar (dark) -sucrose from sugar beets -Honey -None of the above - they all act the same in your body and can cause weight gain if consumed in excess.

none

Which of the following is considered a miconutrient? -Water -Protein -Fat -none of the following

none

Dietary sources of cholesterol include all of the following EXCEPT -beef. -eggs. -pork. -peanut butter.

peanut butter

Unlike the glycemic index, the glycemic load takes into account the typical _____ of a food.

portion size

The sphincter that regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine is the __________ sphincter.

pyloric

Your friend Jane recently decided to become a vegetarian and asks you to recommend some good protein sources for her. Which of the following dishes would you recommend?

red beans and rice

The function of sphincters in the digestive tract is

regulate the flow of food.

The three-dimensional shape of a protein is determined by the

sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

When subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving in a clinical trial, but the researchers do, the study is called:

single blind