Nutrition - Midterm study guide
The protein RDA for healthy adults is _____ gram(s) per kilogram of body weight.
0.8 grams
According to the World Health Organization's recommendations, no more than ____% of daily kcalories should come from added sugars.
10%
how many fat kcalories in a food that contains 15 grams of fat?
135 kcal
A client consumes the following foods from the grain group of the USDA Food Patterns: 1/2 cup oatmeal, 2 slices of bread, 3 cups popped popcorn, and 1 cup pasta. How many ounce equivalents did the client consume?
6 ounces
How many essential amino acids are required by the adult?
9
Minerals and water are organic and yield energy in the human body
False
Some Nutritionists are registered dieticians, but others are self-described experts whose training is minimal or nonexistent
True
The ingredients list on a food label must list the ingredients in descending order of predominance by weight
True
Marasmus may be described as a form of malnutrition caused by:
a chronic, severe deprivation of food
High-Fructose corn syrup and fruit juice concentrate are examples of _____.
added sugars
the six diet planning principles are:
adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, moderation, variety, and nutrient density.
Virtually unlimited amounts of body fuel can be stored by the:
adipose tissue
The basic building blocks of proteins are:
amino acids
In the small intestine, ____ from the _____ breaks starch into maltose.
amylase; pancreas
Which of the following proteins helps the body maintain its resistance to disease?
antibodies
The nonnutritive sweetener that is unsafe for people with phenylketonuria is:
apartame
Enzymes:
are essential to all life processes
The emulsification of fat requires:
bile
The glucemic index ranks carbohydrate foods based on their effect on:
blood glucose levels
When glucose is unavailable, the functioning of which two parts of the body becomes compromised?
brain and nervous system
which nutrients are digested in the small intestine?
carbohydrate, fat, protein
Which nutrients must be broken down in order to be absorbed?
carbohydrate, protein, fat
which type of physical activities are recommended by the ACSM for developing and maintaining fitness?
cardiorespiratory, strength, and flexibility
After digestion, lipids are packaged for transport as lipoproteins known as:
chylomicrons
alcohol:
contributes to body fat
health care professionals can be most successful at motivating others to become more physically active when they:
demonstrate a physically active lifestyle
People at risk for ____ may benefit from limiting their intake of high-GI foods.
diabetes
Whole grains, vegetables, and fruits are rich sources of :
dietary fiber
the stomach empties into the:
duodenum
The phosphate group on a phospholipid:
enables phospholipids to dissolve in water
the ____ prevents food from entering the lungs.
epiglottis
which of the following characterizes the diet of most ethnic groups?
excludes milk
A client consumes 2000 kcalories per day and 200 grams of carbohydrate. This person meets the current dietary recommendations for carbohydrate intake.
false
A triglyceride must contain specific combinations of fatty acids.
false
which of the following nutrients takes longest to digest?
fat
The steady upward trend in sugar consumption among Americas can be attributed to:
food manufacturers
orange juice fortified with calcium to help build strong bones is an example of a(n):
functional food.
Which of the following does not come exclusively from plants?
galactose
Two organs that secrete digestive juices into the small intestine are the ____ and the _____.
gallbladder; pancreas
All of the following are considered to be high-quality protein sources except:
gelatin
Food producers hydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids in order to:
give foods a longer shelf life
What happens when blood glucose falls too low?
glucagon promotes breakdown of liver glycogen
A person is in positive nitrogen balance during:
growth
Which of the following statements about cholesterol is false?
high blood levels of HDL cholesterol raise the risk of heart disease
The protein requirement of a child is compared to an adult is:
higher
Individuals likely to be negative nitrogen balance include all of the following except:
individuals who are pregnant
The hormone that moves glucose from the blood into the cells is:
insulin
An unsaturated fat:
is missing hydrogens within its fatty acid chains
Which of the following statements about excessive sugar consumption is true?
it causes dental caries
The end products of protein metabolism are excreted by the:
kidneys
Which of the following compounds is a disaccharide?
lactose
Which of the following is not a sterol?
lecithin
Which of the following compounds cannot be synthesized in the body in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs?
linoleic acid
Enzymes called ____ digest fats in the mouth, stomach, and intestine.
lipases
Excess glucose in the blood is converted into glycogen and stored primarily in the :
liver and muscles
Which of the following ingredients is a sugar alcohol?
maltitol
an essential amino acid:
must be supplied by the diet
The sugars in fruits,vegetables, grains and milk are:
naturally occuring
Kwashiorkor most frequently develops among:
newly weaned children
Proteins differ from the other energy nutrients because they contain:
nitrogen
EPA and DHA are:
omega-3 fatty acids
research confirms that a common contributor to 3 of the top 5 causes of death is :
overnutrtition
Which of the following organs is the primary source of digestive enzymes?
pancreas
The major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is:
pepsin
Vegetable oils contain large amounts of :
polyunsaturated fatty acids
Current dietary guidelines regarding fat include all of the following except:
polyunsaturdated fats should provide at least 10% of kcalories
A bolus is a(n):
portion of food swalled at one time
Bacteria in the GI tract perform all of the following functions except:
producing bile
The function of mucus in the stomach is to:
protect the stomach cells from gastric juices
An important buffer in the maintenance of the acid-base balance of the blood is:
protein
which of the following becomes a major fuel for the bod only when the other fuels are unavailable
protein
The process of protein breakdown, recovery, and synthesis is called:
protein turnover
foods such as potato chips, candy, and colas are called empty-kcalorie foods because they:
provide calories but few nutrients
Fat functions in the body to:
provide energy
When exposed to oxygen, fats can become ____.
rancid
Which of the following statements is true?
saturdated fatty acids elevate LDL blood cholesterol
The Liver:
secretes bile
Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract. The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called:
segmentation
Which fish would be most likely to contain high levels of mercury?
shark
The component that distinguishes one amino acid from another is its:
side group
The primary site of nutrient absorption is the:
small intestine
you are at a friend's house and he offers to share a snack. you eat some even though you aren't hungry primarily because of:
social interaction
which group is not a basic food group included in the USDA Food Patterns?
solid fats and added sugars group
An example of a polysaccharide is:
starch
Saliva contains an enzyme that digests:
starches
which of these foods would be digested most quickly?
sugar cookies
personal preference plays a significant part in the food choices of an individual. Widely shared preferences include:
tastes for salt and sugar
Not all amino acids have to be supplied by food. This is true because:
the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from others
Unsaturated fats should be consumed in moderation because:
they are high in kcalories
which of the following statements about vitamins is true?
they facilitate the release of energy from the other three organic nutrients.
Which of the following is not true regarding plant sterols?
they raise blood cholesterol levels
Which of the following fats predominates in the diet and in the body?
triglycerides
It is possible to consume too little fat.
true
Whenever carbohydrate is available to the body, the human brain depends exclusively on it as an energy source.
true
One molecule of maltose can yield _____ molecules of glucose.
two
An example of a conditionally essential amino acid is:
tyrosine
The normal pH of the stomach is:
very acidic
Once the digestive process is complete, the colon retrieves materials that the body must recycle. These materials are:
water and dissolved salts
a good indicator that an adult's energy intake is appropriate is a healthy:
weight
an individual's estimated energy requirement (EER) is deemed adequate in the absence of :
weight gain or loss