Nutrition - Midterm study guide

The protein RDA for healthy adults is _____ gram(s) per kilogram of body weight.

0.8 grams

According to the World Health Organization's recommendations, no more than ____% of daily kcalories should come from added sugars.

10%

how many fat kcalories in a food that contains 15 grams of fat?

135 kcal

A client consumes the following foods from the grain group of the USDA Food Patterns: 1/2 cup oatmeal, 2 slices of bread, 3 cups popped popcorn, and 1 cup pasta. How many ounce equivalents did the client consume?

6 ounces

How many essential amino acids are required by the adult?

9

Minerals and water are organic and yield energy in the human body

False

Some Nutritionists are registered dieticians, but others are self-described experts whose training is minimal or nonexistent

True

The ingredients list on a food label must list the ingredients in descending order of predominance by weight

True

Marasmus may be described as a form of malnutrition caused by:

a chronic, severe deprivation of food

High-Fructose corn syrup and fruit juice concentrate are examples of _____.

added sugars

the six diet planning principles are:

adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, moderation, variety, and nutrient density.

Virtually unlimited amounts of body fuel can be stored by the:

adipose tissue

The basic building blocks of proteins are:

amino acids

In the small intestine, ____ from the _____ breaks starch into maltose.

amylase; pancreas

Which of the following proteins helps the body maintain its resistance to disease?

antibodies

The nonnutritive sweetener that is unsafe for people with phenylketonuria is:

apartame

Enzymes:

are essential to all life processes

The emulsification of fat requires:

bile

The glucemic index ranks carbohydrate foods based on their effect on:

blood glucose levels

When glucose is unavailable, the functioning of which two parts of the body becomes compromised?

brain and nervous system

which nutrients are digested in the small intestine?

carbohydrate, fat, protein

Which nutrients must be broken down in order to be absorbed?

carbohydrate, protein, fat

which type of physical activities are recommended by the ACSM for developing and maintaining fitness?

cardiorespiratory, strength, and flexibility

After digestion, lipids are packaged for transport as lipoproteins known as:

chylomicrons

alcohol:

contributes to body fat

health care professionals can be most successful at motivating others to become more physically active when they:

demonstrate a physically active lifestyle

People at risk for ____ may benefit from limiting their intake of high-GI foods.

diabetes

Whole grains, vegetables, and fruits are rich sources of :

dietary fiber

the stomach empties into the:

duodenum

The phosphate group on a phospholipid:

enables phospholipids to dissolve in water

the ____ prevents food from entering the lungs.

epiglottis

which of the following characterizes the diet of most ethnic groups?

excludes milk

A client consumes 2000 kcalories per day and 200 grams of carbohydrate. This person meets the current dietary recommendations for carbohydrate intake.

false

A triglyceride must contain specific combinations of fatty acids.

false

which of the following nutrients takes longest to digest?

fat

The steady upward trend in sugar consumption among Americas can be attributed to:

food manufacturers

orange juice fortified with calcium to help build strong bones is an example of a(n):

functional food.

Which of the following does not come exclusively from plants?

galactose

Two organs that secrete digestive juices into the small intestine are the ____ and the _____.

gallbladder; pancreas

All of the following are considered to be high-quality protein sources except:

gelatin

Food producers hydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids in order to:

give foods a longer shelf life

What happens when blood glucose falls too low?

glucagon promotes breakdown of liver glycogen

A person is in positive nitrogen balance during:

growth

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is false?

high blood levels of HDL cholesterol raise the risk of heart disease

The protein requirement of a child is compared to an adult is:

higher

Individuals likely to be negative nitrogen balance include all of the following except:

individuals who are pregnant

The hormone that moves glucose from the blood into the cells is:

insulin

An unsaturated fat:

is missing hydrogens within its fatty acid chains

Which of the following statements about excessive sugar consumption is true?

it causes dental caries

The end products of protein metabolism are excreted by the:

kidneys

Which of the following compounds is a disaccharide?

lactose

Which of the following is not a sterol?

lecithin

Which of the following compounds cannot be synthesized in the body in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs?

linoleic acid

Enzymes called ____ digest fats in the mouth, stomach, and intestine.

lipases

Excess glucose in the blood is converted into glycogen and stored primarily in the :

liver and muscles

Which of the following ingredients is a sugar alcohol?

maltitol

an essential amino acid:

must be supplied by the diet

The sugars in fruits,vegetables, grains and milk are:

naturally occuring

Kwashiorkor most frequently develops among:

newly weaned children

Proteins differ from the other energy nutrients because they contain:

nitrogen

EPA and DHA are:

omega-3 fatty acids

research confirms that a common contributor to 3 of the top 5 causes of death is :

overnutrtition

Which of the following organs is the primary source of digestive enzymes?

pancreas

The major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is:

pepsin

Vegetable oils contain large amounts of :

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Current dietary guidelines regarding fat include all of the following except:

polyunsaturdated fats should provide at least 10% of kcalories

A bolus is a(n):

portion of food swalled at one time

Bacteria in the GI tract perform all of the following functions except:

producing bile

The function of mucus in the stomach is to:

protect the stomach cells from gastric juices

An important buffer in the maintenance of the acid-base balance of the blood is:

protein

which of the following becomes a major fuel for the bod only when the other fuels are unavailable

protein

The process of protein breakdown, recovery, and synthesis is called:

protein turnover

foods such as potato chips, candy, and colas are called empty-kcalorie foods because they:

provide calories but few nutrients

Fat functions in the body to:

provide energy

When exposed to oxygen, fats can become ____.

rancid

Which of the following statements is true?

saturdated fatty acids elevate LDL blood cholesterol

The Liver:

secretes bile

Involuntary muscle contractions move food through the intestinal tract. The movement that forces the contents back a few inches before pushing it forward again is called:

segmentation

Which fish would be most likely to contain high levels of mercury?

shark

The component that distinguishes one amino acid from another is its:

side group

The primary site of nutrient absorption is the:

small intestine

you are at a friend's house and he offers to share a snack. you eat some even though you aren't hungry primarily because of:

social interaction

which group is not a basic food group included in the USDA Food Patterns?

solid fats and added sugars group

An example of a polysaccharide is:

starch

Saliva contains an enzyme that digests:

starches

which of these foods would be digested most quickly?

sugar cookies

personal preference plays a significant part in the food choices of an individual. Widely shared preferences include:

tastes for salt and sugar

Not all amino acids have to be supplied by food. This is true because:

the liver is able to manufacture some amino acids from others

Unsaturated fats should be consumed in moderation because:

they are high in kcalories

which of the following statements about vitamins is true?

they facilitate the release of energy from the other three organic nutrients.

Which of the following is not true regarding plant sterols?

they raise blood cholesterol levels

Which of the following fats predominates in the diet and in the body?

triglycerides

It is possible to consume too little fat.

true

Whenever carbohydrate is available to the body, the human brain depends exclusively on it as an energy source.

true

One molecule of maltose can yield _____ molecules of glucose.

two

An example of a conditionally essential amino acid is:

tyrosine

The normal pH of the stomach is:

very acidic

Once the digestive process is complete, the colon retrieves materials that the body must recycle. These materials are:

water and dissolved salts

a good indicator that an adult's energy intake is appropriate is a healthy:

weight

an individual's estimated energy requirement (EER) is deemed adequate in the absence of :

weight gain or loss