Nutrition Module 3 - Proteins

By changing the shape of a protein it loses what?

biological activity ability to function normally

What is a compound that resists changes in acid-base conditions in a solution?

buffer

What is edema

build up of fluid

Enriched tofu, fortified soy milk, and orange juice are good sources of ______ in a vegan diet

calcium

Which of the following are major sources of energy for the cells?

carbs proteins fats

A ____ protein combines to make up for the inadequate supply of essential amino acids

complementary

Mixed diets provide high quality protein because what kind of proteins are being consumed?

complementary

When excess proteins are consumed, excess amino acids are

converted into glucose or fat metabolized as fuel

Denaturation of proteins is useful for

digestion

Another name for nonessential amino acids

dispensable

What kind of amino acid CANNOT be synthesized by the body at all and must be made up through foods?

essential indispensable

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine are all examples of

essential amino acids branched-chain amino acids

primarily eats fruits, nuts, honey, vegetable oils

fruititarian

Which food groups provide foods with cancer-fighting antioxidants?

fruits vegetables grains

What are two health risks of plant-based diets in children and infants

growth retardation nutrient deficiency

Sickle cell occurs from defects in the structure of protein chain _____, that carries oxygen in red blood cells

hemoglobin

Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many ______ such as insulin and glucagon

hormones

Another name for essential amino acids

indispensable

Vitamin C helps with the absorption of

iron

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and is usually accompanied by

lack of nutrients calorie deficiency

A modified vegetarian that include diary and eggs in their diet

lactoovovegetarian

This vegetarian excludes all animal products except dairy from their diet

lactovegetarian

A _____ amino acid is the essential amino acid in lowest concentration in a food or diet relative to body needs and limit the amount of protein a body can synthesize

limiting

Plant proteins are examples of ____ quality proteins

low

What kind of amino acid can by synthesized in the body?

nonessential

How do proteins contribute to Acid Base balance of the blood?

serve as buffer that resist changes in ph pump ions into and out of the cell

Due to the activity of phytochemicals, foods made from _______ may lower the production of cholesterol in the body

soy

______ protein is an example of a plant-protein that DOES meet essential amino acid needs

soy

Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?

stomach acid heat

inadequate intake of essential amino acids can lead to what

wasting of muscle impaired growth slow production of body proteins

Phytic acid limits the absorption of ______ which is found in whole grains, nuts, and legumes

zinc

There are a total of how many nonessential amino acids that the body needs to function?

11

How many pound sis equal to 1 kg

2.2

The American Institute of Cancer Research suggests that plant based foods cover how much of your plate

2/3

Proteins supply the body with how many kilo calories per gram?>

4

A typical diet provides what percentage of proteins as essential amino acids

50

What percentage of proteins that Americans consume come from animals?

70

What components make up amino acids>?

COOH carbon oxygen hydrogen

What part of the Cell stores information for protein synthesis?

DNA

_______ is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. Amino acids join together to form this nurtrient

Protein

Vitamin B-12 is only found naturally and in abundance in ______ foods

animal

What are the steps of protein digestion?

partially digested proteins move from stomach to small intestine partially digested proteins trigger release of CCk CCK causes pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes Trypsin divides the chain of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments

What kind of chemical bond is formed when single amino acids join together?

peptide

A _____ bond occurs between several amino acids and is only broken during digestion.

polypeptide

A _________ protein balance occurs when a person consumes more protein daily then they lose

positive

The body needs a _______ protein balance when recovering from illness or injury

positive

The RDA for protein is higher than 0.8 kg of body weight during when

pregnancy infancy

The liver and kidneys must work to derive energy from ______, making it a costly source of calories

protein

Which macronutrient is a key component of the cells in the immune system and makes up antibodies that defend the body from illness?

protein

the body links amino acids with peptide bonds to form

proteins

During protein synthesis, mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the

ribosomes