Nutrition-Quiz 2

A carious lesion is considered incipient when the demineralization occurs only in the ________________. A. Enamel B. DEJ C. Dentin D. Pulp cavity

A. Enamel

Heart attack and stroke share similar risk factors EXCEPT: A. Low triglyceride levels B. Diabetes C. Obesity D. Physical inactivity

A. Low triglyceride levels

Commonly recognized oral conditions associated with diabetes can include _______________. A. pink, stippled tissues B. acute gingival and/or periodontal abscesses C. viral infections D. excessive saliva

B. acute gingival and/or periodontal abscesses

One can of regular soda contains about _______ teaspoons of sugar. A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 10

D. 10

If a patient has large spaces (embrasures), the recommended interdental aid/s are ________________. A. Wooden/plastic triangular sticks B. Interproximal brushes C. Dental floss D. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

Risk factors for osteoporosis include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Estrogen deficiency B. Caucasian or Asian ethnicity C. Certain medications D. Weight bearing exercises

D. Weight bearing exercises

When teaching your patient to floss, the floss should be approximately _____________ in length or more. A. 18 inches B. 10 inches C. 13 inches D. 12 inches

A. 18 inches

The ADA-recommended sodium fluoride varnish is _________%. A. 2.26 B. 1.23 C. 8 D. 10

A. 2.26

The American College of Rheumatology uses all the following criteria in classifying rheumatoid arthritis except one, what is the EXCEPTION? A. Morning stiffness of 7 days and > one hour upon waking. B. Joint erosion identified radiographically. C. Specific places with subcutaneous nodules. D. Six week duration of symmetrical arthritis.

A. Morning stiffness of 7 days and > one hour upon waking.

The latest and most commonly used classifications of antidepressant medications are; A. Serotonin norephinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) B. Tetracyclics and tricyclics C. Beta blockers D. Biological Response Modifiers

A. Serotonin norephinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)

Cardiovascular disease in men has overshadowed some sex and gender differences related mainly to its diagnosis, presentation and treatment. A. TRUE B. FALSE

A. TRUE

Women with diabetes can experience a two-to-four times higher risk of heart health concerns than women without a diabetic diagnosis. A. TRUE B. FALSE

A. TRUE

Fluoride content in acidulated phosphate fluoride is approximately _________ percent. A. 2.03 B. 1.23 C. 3.04 D. 4.12

B. 1.23

Preventive dentistry started in the ________________. A. 1950s B. 1960s C. 1970s D. 1990s

B. 1960s

T/F: The dental professional's role in promoting sports safety is to obtain good impressions for custom mouthguards. The dental professional should encourage coaches and parents to promote mouthguard use.

Both statements are true.

All of the following statements related to ascorbic acid are correct EXCEPT which one? A. Water soluble vitamin, must be consumed daily. B. Supports synthesis of collagen which we need to support connective tissue for healthy gums and bones. C. When taken as a supplement, has been shown to offer additional clinical benefit in terms of improving treatment outcomes for patients with periodontitis. D. Has anti-inflammatory properties.

C. When taken as a supplement, has been shown to offer additional clinical benefit in terms of improving treatment outcomes for patients with periodontitis.

The active ingredient available in an alcohol-free over-the-counter chemotherapeutic rinse for the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis is _______________. A. baking soda B. essential oils C. cetylpyridinium chloride D. chlorhexidine

C. cetylpyridinium chloride

Dental professionals should use protocols to improve oral health and whole body health for all patients with emphasis placed on _______________. A. scaling and root planing B. prophylaxis C. tailored treatment planning/product recommendations D. monitoring blood pressure throughout appointments

C. tailored treatment planning/product recommendations

A contraindication for placement of a sealant is ________________. A. Sound tooth structure B. A restoration is not present C. The patient's behavior permits a dry isolated field D. An open carious lesion exists

D. An open carious lesion exists

Of the following systemic diseases, which one predisposes a patient to oral infections and in turn worsens the existing disease? A. High blood pressure B. Osteoporosis C. Hyperthyroidism D. Diabetes

D. Diabetes

The pathology that is associated with sun exposure is ________________. A. Candidal leukoplakia B. Erythroplakia C. Squamous cell carcinoma D. Malignant melanoma E. Both C and D

E. Both C and D

T/F: A plant-forward eating style includes only plant-based foods and reflects evidence-based principles of health.

False

T/F: A specific antibody can be identified from immunological testing in most patients that fully confirms the presence of rheumatoid arthritis in the body?

False

T/F: The Office of Women's Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identifies stroke as the 2nd leading cause of death among American women, behind cancer deaths?

False

T/F: A professional prophylaxis is required prior to the application of professional topical fluoride products. The post-erruptive (topical) effect of fluoride has played an even more vital role in reducing dental caries.

The first statement is false. The second statement is true.

T/F: Recent research studies link calculus as the contributing factor to periodontal disease rather than plaque. Daily removal of biofilm is critical to reduce oral diseases.

The first statement is false. The second statement is true.

T/F: In sports injuries, males are twice as often as females to be injured. Mandibular central incisors are the most commonly injured teeth.

The first statement is true. The second statement is false.

T/F: Regular use of a 5,000 ppm fluoride dentifrice and quarterly sodium fluoride varnish treatments may decrease root surface caries progression and initiation. About one-fourth of U.S. adults are affected with root surface caries by age 70.

The first statement is true. The second statement is false.

T/F: Numerous factors (hormonal, genetic and environmental) have been speculated as risk factors affecting the body's immune system attacking multiple joints and placing one at risk for rheumatoid arthritis.

True

T/F: Plant-based, whole-food dietary patterns reduce risk for many inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular disease, gingivitis and periodontitis.

True

T/F: To understand the effects of a stroke, it is important to first understand the location of damage in the brain.

True

All of the following statements related to probiotics are corrects EXCEPT which one? A. A probiotic is a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. B. Consuming fermented dairy has been shown to be correlated with a decrease in elastase activity and MMP3 in gingival crevicular fluid. C. Consuming fermented soy beverage has been shown to be correlated with beneficial changes in the oral microbiome. D. Eating yogurt has been associated with decreased S. mutans and lactobacilli in saliva.

A. A probiotic is a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit.

The oral pathology lesion that is associated with fungus is ________________. A. Candidal leukoplakia B. Erythroplakia C. Squamous cell carcinoma D. Malignant melanoma

A. Candidal leukoplakia

In regards to sports mouthguards, the literature indicates the behavior of athletes is most influenced by their ________________. A. Coach B. Dentist C. Parent D. Peers

A. Coach

The most common sports-related tooth injury regarding permanent dentition is ________________. A. Crown fracture B. Root fracture C. Intrusion D. Avulsion

A. Crown fracture

It is believed the inflammatory process in periodontal disease and the specific bacteria destroying gingival tissues is what triggers host responses to rupture atherosclerotic plaques thus worsening the level of CVD in a heart patient. A. TRUE B. FALSE

A. TRUE

Professional topical fluoride applications are based upon ________________. A. The caries risk factors of the individual patient B. What type of fluoride you have on hand C. The number of restorations present D. If the patient is caries free

A. The caries risk factors of the individual patient

Dental caries can be defined as ________________. A. Transmissible B. Broad spectrum C. Circumscribed D. Carcinogenic

A. Transmissible

It takes only ___________ for dental plaque to double in mass. A. Two days B. Twelve hours C. Twenty-four hours D. Two weeks

A. Two days

The best success rate for a re-implanted avulsed tooth after a trauma is ___________________. A. Within 2 hours B. Between 2-3 hours C. Between 4-5 hours D. Between 6-10 hours

A. Within 2 hours

The patient should not eat or drink anything for ________ minutes after a professional fluoride tray application. A. 5-10 minutes B. 20-30 minutes C. 1 hour D. It is not necessary to wait.

B. 20-30 minutes

All of the following statements related to research behind plant-based eating and periodontitis are true EXCEPT which one A. A recent cross-sectional study found that probing depth and bleeding on probing were significantly lower in raw vegans. B. A clinical study found that patients who were vegetarians for over 2 years had generalized periodontitis. C. A small randomized controlled trial found that eating plant-based whole foods for 4 weeks showed a significant reduction in gingival bleeding. D. A systematic review found that eating at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day may help prevent progression of periodontal disease.

B. A clinical study found that patients who were vegetarians for over 2 years had generalized periodontitis.

The flossing method preferred for children is the ________________. A. Spool technique B. Circle or loop technique

B. Circle or loop technique

All of the following statements related to intrinsic sugars are correct EXCEPT which one? A. Naturally present and physically located in cellular structures of whole plant-based foods. B. Contribute to caries and weight gain and should be limited in a healthy dietary pattern. C. Are found in fruits, vegetables, grains and dairy. D. Foods that contain intrinsic sugars have protective factors against caries.

B. Contribute to caries and weight gain and should be limited in a healthy dietary pattern.

Osteoporosis is characterized by a loss of bone density, making the bones rigid, and less likely for fracture eliminating the chance for any disability or walking impairment. A. TRUE B. FALSE

B. FALSE

According to studies, root surface caries has _______________ in the last 30 years. A. Decreased B. Increased C. Remained constant D. No pattern

B. Increased

___________ acid is produced by bacteria in the oral cavity after the ingestion of carbohydrates. A. Carbonic B. Lactic C. Hydrochloric D. Sulfuric

B. Lactic

All of the following statements related to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans are correct EXCEPT which one? A. There are 3 healthy dietary patterns: U.S. Style, Vegetarian and Mediterranean-Style. B. Limit added foods and beverages that contain added gluten, salt and sugar. C. Stay within calorie limits. D. At least ¾ of your plate should be plant-based.

B. Limit added foods and beverages that contain added gluten, salt and sugar.

___________ is the type of early stage bacteria that causes dental caries. A. Lactobacilli B. Streptococci mutans C. Porphyromonas gingivalis D. Prevotella

B. Streptococci mutans

In 2006, three SSRI antidepressant medications were listed as the most commonly prescribed medications used in the US for treating depression. They were; A. Zoloft, Cymbalta and Lexapro B. Zoloft, Lexapro and Prozac C. Zoloft, Effexor and Prozac D. Zoloft, Paxil and Effexor

B. Zoloft, Lexapro and Prozac

The National Osteoporosis Foundation guidelines indicate BMD testing for all of the following EXCEPT: A. Estrogen-deficient women at clinical risk B. Postmenopausal women who present with fractures C. All women irrespective of age D. Those patients being monitored to assess an approved osteoporosis medication

C. All women irrespective of age

Which of the following foods are good sources of prebiotics? A. Yogurt B. Kombucha C. Apple, oats, banana D. Both A and B

C. Apple, oats, banana

For adequate sealant retention, the tooth must ________________. A. Have no pits for optimum retention B. Be moistened before placement C. Be clean and fully dried before placement D. Be shiny and translucent prior to placement

C. Be clean and fully dried before placement

All of the following are oral manifestations associated from medication usage in treating cardiovascular disease EXCEPT: A. Xerostomia B. Gingival enlargement/hyperplasia C. Excessive salivation and/or drooling D. Taste impairment

C. Excessive salivation and/or drooling

__________________ is the recommended professional fluoride treatment for children younger than 6 years of age by the ADA and AAPD. A. Stannous fluoride B. APF fluoride C. Fluoride varnish D. Sodium fluoride

C. Fluoride varnish

All the following statements are true EXCEPT: A. Oscillating-rotating power toothbrushes have demonstrated increased efficacy in plaque removal over manual brushes. B. Some power brush models offer timers and pressure sensors. C. Interproximal floss aids can reduce compliance. D. Flossing helps remove plaque below the gumline.

C. Interproximal floss aids can reduce compliance.

According to the American Heart Association, women should maintain total cholesterol below 200 mg/dL and HDL levels should be above 50 mg/dL and the LDL levels and triglyceride levels should be; A. LDL levels at 175 mg/dL and triglycerides at 200 mg/dL B. LDL levels at 150 mg/dL and triglycerides at 150 mg/dL C. LDL levels below 100 mg/dL and triglycerides below 150 mg/dL D. LDL levels above 125 mg/dL and triglycerides above 150 mg/dL

C. LDL levels below 100 mg/dL and triglycerides below 150 mg/dL

All of the following are modifiable risk factors for stroke except one, what is the EXCEPTION? A. Physical inactivity B. Elevated triglyceride levels C. Personal history of stroke D. Smoking when combined with oral contraceptives

C. Personal history of stroke

In 2019, the ACC/AHA issued a "Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.") The most important way to prevent cardiovascular disease is: A. Take small-dose aspirin twice a day B. Take a low-dose statin daily C. Promote a healthy lifestyle throughout life D. Limiting the amount of exercise daily

C. Promote a healthy lifestyle throughout life

All of the following statements related to extrinsic sugars are correct EXCEPT which one? A. There are over 50 synonyms for added sugars. B. NHANES data shows that most of our added sugars are in the form of SSB, desserts, sweet snacks, sweetened coffee and tea and candy. C. The Dietary Guidelines suggest that we reduce added sugar in the diet of young children by substituting non-nutritive sweeteners. D. The Dietary Guidelines suggest that we can reduce our added sugar by reducing portions.

C. The Dietary Guidelines suggest that we reduce added sugar in the diet of young children by substituting non-nutritive sweeteners.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement? A. Women with diabetes do not have a higher risk for heart disease. B. A low dose of daily aspirin has not been recommended for patients with cardiovascular risk factors. C. Vasotec is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. D. Zocor and Lipitor and Glyburide are statin drugs used to reduce cholesterol.

C. Vasotec is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement? A. Osteoporosis always indicates an underlying health problem. B. The most common sites for osteoporotic fractures are the long bones. C. Thin African American women are at the highest risk for osteoporosis. D. An osteoporotic fracture indicates a high risk of death.

D. An osteoporotic fracture indicates a high risk of death.

The following categories of medications have been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, except one, what is the EXCEPTION? A. Immunosuppressants B. Steroids C. Biological response modifiers D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

___________ is the nutrient ingested by bacteria, producing the end-product lactic acid causing dental caries (demineralization or loss of calcium and phosphate ions). A. Lipids B. Proteins C. Fats D. Carbohydrates

D. Carbohydrates

The leading cause of death among women is _______________. A. Breast cancer B. Lung cancer C. Diabetes D. Cardiovascular disease including high blood pressure, stroke and coronary heart disease

D. Cardiovascular disease including high blood pressure, stroke and coronary heart disease

The active ingredient available in an alcohol-free over-the-counter rinse formulation for the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis is _______________. A. Xylitol B. Iodine C. Baking soda D. Cetylpyridinium chloride

D. Cetylpyridinium chloride

All of the following are symptoms of cardiovascular disease typically observed in women EXCEPT: A. High blood pressure B. Shortness of breath C. Unusual fatigue D. Chest pain characterized as crushing

D. Chest pain characterized as crushing

The preferred toothbrushing method for children is ________________. A. Charters technique B. Modified Bass technique C. Stillman technique D. Fones technique

D. Fones technique

Pregnant women experience a type of diabetes that is typically diagnosed through prenatal screenings rather than symptoms being reported is known as _______________. A. Type 1 diabetes B. Type 2 diabetes C. Hypoglycemia D. Gestational diabetes

D. Gestational diabetes

The important hormone used to regulate blood sugar is ____________. A. Thyroxin B. Micronase C. Vasotec D. Insulin

D. Insulin

Stroke and heart attack share similar risk factors, except one, what is the EXCEPTION? A. Obesity B. Diabetes C. Physical inactivity D. Low triglyceride levels

D. Low triglyceride levels

The single cause for depression demonstrated in women has been identified as; A. hormonal B. smoking C. genetic D. Not one single cause, possible combinations of factors.

D. Not one single cause, possible combinations of factors.

A Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews recently summarized the research on interdental biofilm control devices for self-care that impact periodontal disease and caries. Which of the following is correct? A. The studies used were robust. B. The study results were easily generalized to all populations. C. Toothbrushing alone is adequate to maintain oral health. D. The use of an interdental cleaning device is suggested.

D. The use of an interdental cleaning device is suggested.

All of the following statements related to Vitamin D are correct EXCEPT which one? A. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. B. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to caries, gingival inflammation and periodontal disease. C. Essential for mineralization of teeth and alveolar process, enhances calcium absorption in the intestine. D. We should recommend a Vitamin D supplement to all of our patients, even if their current Vitamin D level is adequate

D. We should recommend a Vitamin D supplement to all of our patients, even if their current Vitamin D level is adequate

T/F: The cure for rheumatoid arthritis involves a series of complex medications, physical therapy and surgery to correct the joint deformity.

False