Nutrition quiz (7, 8, 9)

What advice would you give a friend who is considering taking an herbal supplement?

"Many people assume that herbal remedies are safe because they are natural components of plants and have been used in traditional medicine for a long time, but not all plants are safe."

Adverse side-effects of untreated high levels of blood glucose on the body include:

-elevated levels of triglycerides -increased blood pressure -chronic inflammation

What type of exercise is recommended to manage type 2 diabetes and treat prediabetes?

-weight lifting or other strength-building exercises -jogging -fast walking

How much time each week should a person engage in exercise to reduce the effects of type 2 diabetes and treat prediabetes?

150 minutes per week

Too little fiber is a common cause of constipation and can generally be relieved, and subsequently prevented, by including _____ grams of dietary fiber daily.

25-30

Approximately _____% of the end products of carbohydrate digestion are absorbed.

99

According to _____ regulations, dietary supplements must be labeled with a Supplemental Facts panel.

FDA

Who implemented an "Adverse Events Reporting System" website?

FDA

If a function claim is made on the label or package inserts, the label or insert must include the FDA disclaimer, which states that the _____.

FDA does not support the claim

Diabetes, is the diagnosis based on?

Fasting blood glucose level over 126 mg/dL

Which individual will most likely benefit from a dietary supplement?

James, who lives in a rural area that does not have fluoridated water

Which enzyme breaks down starch?

amylase

Early symptoms of diabetes include all of the following except:

belching

Lipase____

breaks down fats into fragments of fatty acids and glycerol

Constipation is _____.

characterized by difficulty passing stools because they are hard and dry

All these dietary guidelines are recommended for managing type 2 diabetes except

consuming refined grain products

What is a valid reason for consuming a vitamin or mineral supplement?

diagnosed deficiency

Dietary supplements _____.

do not list side effects on product labels

In all cases of diabetes, the central problem is _____.

elevated blood glucose levels

(t/f) All plant-based substances, such as those found in herbal remedies, are safe.

false

(t/f) Multivitamin and mineral supplements can turn a poor dietary pattern into a healthful one.

false

(t/f) The broken-down products of protein digestion are largely absorbed into the lymph vessels.

false

(t/f) Dietary supplements are considered drugs.

false

(t/f) The USP logo on the product label of a supplement indicates that it effectively treats or prevents a particular disease.

false

(t/f) Water, sodium, and chloride are mainly absorbed by the small intestine.

false

(t/f)Dietary supplements are intended to prevent disease.

false

Hypoglycemia is abnormally high blood glucose levels caused by low levels of insulin production.

false

With the presence of insulin resistance, ____________________ will be mobilize for energy

fatty acids

When the diet contains sufficient soluble_____, digesting food pass through the digestive system somewhat slower

fiber

Bile is stored in the _____.

gallbladder

Insulin resistance causes the body to be unable to efficiently use _____ for energy.

glucose

Foods such as baked potatoes, French bread, and cornflakes are good sources of a number of nutrients despite being considered _____ foods.

high-glycemic index

People with type 1 diabetes are instructed to measure their blood glucose levels several times daily so they can adjust their dosage of _____.

insulin

What condition causes blood glucose levels to stay high in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes?

insulin resistance

Most cases of diarrhea are due to _____.

interactions between malnutrition and infection

A person experiencing blood loss may benefit from _____ supplements.

iron

The broken-down products of fat digestion are largely absorbed into the _____ system, whereas carbohydrate and protein broken down products enter the _____ system.

lymphatic; circulatory

Ronald has a waist circumference of 43 inches, a fasting blood glucose of 102 mg/dL, and blood triglycerides of 200 mg/dL. Which of the following health problems does Ronald most likely have?

metabolic syndrome

The condition that has the strongest link to the development of type 2 diabetes is?

obesity

Heartburn_____

occurs when the valve at the top of the stomach relaxes

Cells lining the intestinal tract are replaced every _____.

one to three days

insulin is produced by the

pancreas

The health condition diagnosed in persons with fasting blood glucose levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL is?

prediabetes

The salivary glands produce enzymes that help to break down _____.

stach and fats

30% of alcohol consumed with meals is initially absorbed in the _____.

stomach

Pepsin is produced by the _____.

stomach

Which enzyme separates the disaccharide sucrose in the monosaccharides glucose and fructose?

sucrase

(t/f) A vitamin or mineral supplement may be beneficial when a deficiency exists.

true

(t/f) Pregnant or breastfeeding women should seek medical advice before taking herbal remedy.

true

(t/f) When choosing a dietary supplement, choose vitamin and mineral supplements containing 100% of the Daily Value or less.

true

(t/f) High insoluble fiber meals pass through the digestive system somewhat faster than low-fiber meals.

true

(t/f) In 1994, Congress passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.

true

(t/f) Microorganisms in the gut produce biotin, vitamin B12, and vitamin K.

true

(t/f) The Supplement Facts panel must include a listing of ingredients.

true

Approximately 60% of people who develop type 2 diabetes are obese.

true

Choose which statements that is true for type 2 diabetes?

type 2 diabetes is best treated with weight loss, dietary modifications, and exercise

Fingerlike projections called _____ line the inside of the intestinal wall and increase its surface area.

villi

A vegan may benefit from a _____ supplement.

vitamin b12

Individuals with impaired absorption processes may benefit from _____ supplements.

vitamin b12

Which of the following foods has the highest glycemic index?

white bread