Nutrition Unit 1 Homework

Which of the following are examples are examples of life-threatening and chronic diseases that result from a poor diet?

Heart disease, diabetes, stroke

Necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Lipid

_______________ prevent cell damage and destruction, which is a factor in reducing risk for heart disease and certain cancers

Phytochemicals

The most natural and economical way to obtain nutrients and phytochemicals is to base your diet in a ____________ of whole foods

Variety

Regulation of body processes, including cell metabolism

Vitamins

Which statement is true when comparing nutrient composition in the bodies of men and women?

Women have less water and protein and more fat

How many kilocalories are in one gram of protein?

4

How many kilocalories are in one gram of fat?

9

What occurs when a nutrient is missing from the diet?

A deficiency disease will occur

Stimulant effects

Caffeine

Major role is to provide energy

Carbohydrates

May kill certain microbes

Saponins

A disease that can be cured by eating a specific nutrient is:

a nutrient deficiency disease

Food-borne illnesses can be caused by:

bacteria

Examples of non nutrients include:

caffeine, alcohol, and phytochemicals

Populations at risk for malnutrition include those with ____________

drug or alcohol addictions, low income, and eating disorders

In general, because they are concentrated sources of energy, high fat foods are ____________ ___________

energy dense

The energy value of a food in relation to its weight is called:

energy density

A nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called an _________________ nutrient

essential

Risk factors that contribute to health problems include:

family history, age, and environment

What diseases are considered chronic?

heart disease, cancer, and diabetes

A person can individualize their diet according to their:

lifestyle, budget, and food preferences

energy source

lipids

A _______________ is needed in very small amounts by the body to function properly

micronutrient

regulation of fluid balance

minerals

Which factors are most likely to influence food choices?

mood, peers, religious beliefs, income, and current health state

Most foods contain mixtures of:

nutrients

Our body needs ____________, found in foods, to function properly

nutrients

Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are called macronutrients because

our body needs them in large amounts on a daily basis

Processing treatments that can make foods safer and more convenient to eat include:

peeling, and heating

You can develop health problems by:

taking high doses of dietary supplements

true or false: Not all food processing harms a food, in fact some processes makes a food safer an more convenient to eat

true

Empty-calorie foods supply most of their calories from:

unhealthy fats, added sugar, and alcohol

regulation of body temperature

water

Which nutrient provides energy to cells?

Carbohydrates

Vitamins, mineral, water, and glucose are all examples of:

Essential nutrients

A dietary supplement is a product that contains:

Vitamins, amino acids and minerals

Which nutrient comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman?

Water

considered the most essential nutrient

Water

nutrient for temperature regulation

Water

Lifestyle choices include:

physical activity habits, dietary choices, alcohol use

When compared to plant food, nutrient supplements don't contain a wide variety of:

phytochemicals

How may kilocalories are in one gram of carbohydrates?

4

you usual pattern of food choices

Diet

The state that occurs when the body is improperly nourished is called ______________

Malnutrition

responsible for cellular development, growth, and maintenance

Protein

The leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States is __________

Smoking

What is the leading cause (risk factor) of preventable death in North America?

Smoking

Nutrient toxicity may result from ____________

Taking high doses of dietary supplements

True or false: a kilocalorie is equal to 1000 calories

True

Reduced risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration

Alpha-carotene

Which of the following are the top two leading causes of death in the US?

Cancer and heart disease

Organic nutrients include:

Carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all what?

Classes of nutrients

Choose the situations when it would be appropriate for people to take specific nutrient supplements

Digestive disorders that interfere with nutrient absorption, older adults who may need higher amounts of a nutrient that what is found in food, and chronically ill patients

What lifestyle choices would be effective in increasing your chances of living a long life?

Exercising regularly, consuming fruits and vegetables

What is the state of health when the body is improperly nourished, including under- and overnutrition?

Malnutrition

The sum of all the chemical reactions that provide energy for the body to perform work is termed:

Metabolism

What is the substance found in many plants that is not considered a nutrient but has many healthful benefits?

Phytochemical

A personal characteristic that increases a person's chances of developing a disease is called what?

Risk Factor

How many kilocalories are in one gram of alcohol?

Seven

The amount of energy in foods is reported as:

calories and kilocalories

To get all the essential nutrients from a diet, one should:

choose a variety of foods

Dietary moderation can be achieved by:

choosing nutrient-dense foods, and limiting serving sizes

Antioxidant effects, may inhibit cancer growth

Quercetin