Nutrition Unit 5 Homework

Nutritionally adequate diets should provide ____% to ______% of total calories from carbohydrates

45; 65

What american populations are at a particularly high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes?

African Americans, Native Americans, Latino/Hispanic American

sweeteners added to food that provide few or no calories

Alternative Sweeteners

Intestinal gas resulting from the consumption of dietary fiber is produced by:

Fiber metabolism by bacteria that live in the colon

Plants use energy from the sun to combine carbon dioxide and water to form ________________

carbohydrates

Molecules which can yield 4 kcalories per gram include

disaccharides, monosaccharides, table sugar

The basic chemical unit of carbohydrates is a _____________

monosaccharide

Types of carbohydrates

sugars, fibers, starches

Which events occur in the large intestine and/or rectum?

very little dietary carbohydrate is secreted, intestinal gas is produced, soluble fiber is fermented by bacteria

Another name for fructose

Levulose

What is a possible consequence of eating too much dietary fiber?

Malabsorption of certain minerals

Polysaccarides in plants and animals are comprised of long chains of what?

Monosaccharides

Which type of sweetener provides energy to the body?

Nutritive

Lactose is commonly called what?

"Milk-sugar"

Rank the order of blood glucose regulation

1. eating a meal 2. elevated blood glucose 3. insulin released from the pancreas 4. blood glucose level returns to normal

Methods for monitoring diabetes include:

Daily blood glucose testing, measuring HbA1c levels

What is a risk of consuming sugars in the diet?

Dental caries

The chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels is called ____________

Diabetes

Maltose is a member of a group of simple sugars called what?

Disaccharides

Cells will use carbohydrates as their major source of _________

Energy

In response to hypoglycemia the body secretes the hormone ________________

Epinephrine

The fetus of a mother with poorly controlled gestational diabetes will receive too much ___________ from its mother

Glucose

Every 2-3 months physicians monitor a diabetic patients average blood glucose levels by measuring their _________________ levels

Hemoglobin A1c

Which type of fiber is associated with increasing fecal bulk and easing bowel movements?

Insoluble fiber

In type 1 diabetes the pancreatic cells no longer produce what?

Insulin

Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Irritability, restlessness, shakiness, sweating

Your friend Joe is concerned that the non-nutritive sweetener he is consuming may not be safe. What should he look for on the label to know if it is safe for consumption

It is approved by the FDA

During low carbohydrate consumption, the body will begin producing:

Ketone bodies

one way that a lactose intolerant person can consume dairy without experiencing digestive symptoms is to drink milk that has been pre-treated with the enzyme ___________

Lactase

The compound plants use to store energy and to make structural components like stems are called what?

Polysaccharides

Which is true about sugar and hyperactivity?

Research does not indicate that sugar increases a child's risk for hyperactivity (ADHD)

The primary site for carbohydrate digestion is ____________________

The small intestine

How do nonnutritive sweeteners compare to sugar?

They provide no or very few calories, and they are much sweeter

True or False: Cells metabolize glucose to release the energy that is stores in the molecule

True

People who lose weight on a high carbohydrate diet are often consuming high amounts of __________

fiber

The dietary polysaccharide that is not digested and thus passes through the intestinal tract is ______________

fiber

The main source of added sugars in the American diet is:

flavored vitamin water, soft drinks, energy drinks

Sucrose is made up of which two monosaccharides?

fructose and glucose

Monosaccharides:

galactose, glucose, fructose

The primary energy fuel for muscle and other cells is:

glucose

Maltose is comprised of what?

glucose and glucose

Sucrase digests sucrose into ___________ and ______________

glucose; fructose

While most carbohydrate digestion occurs in the small intestine, where does it begin?

in the mouth

Glycogen is used to store glucose in animals. In humans, glycogen is stored in the ____________ and ______________ cells

muscle; liver

Which two amino acids make up the alternative sweetener, Aspartame?

phenylalanine, aspartic acid

Added sugar is sugar added to food during:

processing and preparation

True or False: Individuals with type 1 diabetes may or may not require insulin

False

In order for a non nutritive sweetener to be considered safe, it must be approved by the:

Food and Drug Administration

By following a low GI/GL diet, you may be able to reduce your risk of:

type 2 diabetes and heart disease