nutrition
Before what age is peak bone density usually reached?
30
Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin?
B12
ATP in muscles can sustain maximal activity for only about 20 seconds.
False
About 2/3 of the body's fluid is extracellular.
False
Adipose tissue has a higher fluid content than muscle tissue.
False
After week 8, the developing baby is called a zygote.
False
Appetite is the physiological sensation to eat.
False
Bile breaks triglycerides into two separate fatty acids and a monoglyceride.
False
Calcium absorption is less efficient during pregnancy.
False
Complete protein foods contain all seven of the essential amino acids.
False
Disaccharides can be absorbed by the cells that line the small intestine.
False
Donuts have a low glycemic index.
False
Enzymatic protein digestion begins in the small intestine.
False
Fat-soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the body.
False
Having a body weight that exceeds 100% of normal is classified as being obese.
False
If a pregnant women is obese, she should try to lose weight during the pregnancy.
False
Most absorption occurs in the large intestine.
False
Osteoblasts are involved in the breakdown of bone.
False
Oxidation is the gain of electrons.
False
Pear shaped fat patterning is associated with an increased risk for several chronic diseases.
False
Phosphorus is the primary extracellular negatively charged electrolyte.
False
The type of bone that is spongy is called cortical bone.
False
Vitamins are inorganic molecules that assist in regulating body processes.
False
Which of the following is particularly enriched in cholesterol?
LDL
Which of the following activates vitamin D and stimulates the breakdown of bone?
PTH
A hypothesis is an educated guess.
True
A kilocalorie is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
True
After absorption, fats and fat-soluble vitamins enter the lymphatic system for transport, eventually entering the bloodstream.
True
Alcohol is considered a teratogen.
True
Calcium absorption is enhanced in an acid environment.
True
Carbohydrates are found in plants in the form of disaccharides, starch, and cellulose.
True
Cholesterol can be converted to vitamin D.
True
Denaturation can be caused by pH changes.
True
Elevated homocysteine levels are an indicator of vascular disease.
True
Female athlete triad is often seen in sports that emphasize lean bodies.
True
Glycogen can be stored in the liver and muscles.
True
Having an adequate intake (AI) instead of an RDA indicates that more research needs to be done on human requirements fo the particular nutrient.
True
If a 100 meter dash is run and takes about 12 seconds, the contribution from carbohydrate would be about 50% and the contribution from ATP/CP would also be about 50%.
True
Leptin is a hormone that causes a person to feel full.
True
Linoleic acid is converted by the body to arachidonic acid which is involved in blood clotting and blood pressure.
True
Most phosphorus is found in the human body in bone.
True
Regular physical activity reduces the risk for type 2 diabetes.
True
Selenium is part of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme system.
True
Some amino acids can be converted to glucose and used for energy.
True
Soy products are an excellent protein source.
True
The component that contributes the least to energy expenditure is the thermic effect of food.
True
The opening of the gastroesophageal sphincter after a meal leads to GERD.
True
The six groups of essential nutrients are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
True
Trans fats can be created by the process of hydrogenation.
True
Vitamin C is the primary water-soluble antioxidant.
True
Vitamin K may increase bone density in people with osteoporosis.
True
Vitamin K supplementation may increase bone density in people with osteoporosis.
True
Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
True
Which of the following eating disorders is characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, extremely restrictive eating practices, self-starvation, and an unhealthful body image?
anorexia
Which of the following leads to a decrease in calcium blood levels?
calcitonin
Which of the following prevents calcium reabsorption from the kidneys?
calcitonin
Which electrolyte stimulates muscle cells to contract?
calcium
Which of the following nutrients does the brain prefer for fuel?
carbohydrate
Which of the following would be used more for energy if someone was sprinting?
carbohydrate
Carbohydrates are composed of which of the following elements?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What is the precursor of vitamin D made in response to UV light?
cholesterol
Insulin is more effective in the presence of which mineral?
chromium
Which of the following is not an extracellular fluid?
cytosol
When does organogenesis begin to occur?
first trimester
Which vitamin is associated with macrocytic anemia?
folate
Which of the following does not increase satiety or suppress hunger?
ghrelin
Which of the following increases blood glucose levels?
glucagon
The synthesis of glucose from protein is called
gluconeogenesis
Which of the following is preferentially used for energy to generate ATP after creatine phosphate stores are depleted?
glucose
The storage form of glucose in humans is
glycogen
Which of the following in not a function of calcium?
helps prevent anemia
Which of the following is not a factor that lowers basal metabolic rate?
higher lean body mass
Which area of the brain is primarily in control of eating?
hypothalamus
Where does transcription take place?
in the nucleus
Who would be most at risk for dehydration?
infants and elderly
Goiter can be caused by a lack of which mineral?
iodine
Which mineral does hemoglobin bind?
iron
Which of the following may interfere with zinc absorption during pregnancy?
iron
Which of the following fats is an essential fatty acid?
linolenic acid
The nutrient that provides the most calories per gram is:
lipid
Which of the following makes bile?
liver
Which of the following is a cofactor for over 300 enzyme systems?
magnesium
Which type of fatty acid has one double bond between two carbon atoms?
monounsaturated
Where does carbohydrate digestion start?
mouth
Which of the following fitness components would be most benefited by resistance training?
musculoskeletal fitness
Which of the following is found in NAD and NADP?
niacin
Which of the following eating disorders is also thought to be a sleep disorder and a mood disorder?
night-eating syndrome
Which of the following elements are not found in carbohydrates?
nitrogen
Which of the following is not an example of a compound high in saturated fatty acids?
olive oil
Which of the following is considered a heart-healthy fat?
omega 3
Which of the following is involved in the formation of new bone?
osteoblasts
Which of the following is a component of coenzyme A?
pantothenic acid
What is the deficiency disease for niacin?
pellagra
Which of the following enzymatically digests protein in the stomach?
pepsin
Which of the following fats are amphipathic?
phospholipids
Which of the following do proteins not contain?
phosphorus
Which electrolytes are found in the greatest amounts in the intracellular fluid?
phosphorus and potassium
Which of the following electrolytes is associated with lower blood pressure?
potassium
Which of the following has the highest satiety value?
protein
Which of the following is a component of FAD?
riboflavin
Which vitamin is not associated with an increased level of homocysteine?
riboflavin
Which of the following is characterized by alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets?
secondary protein structure
Excess nitrogen is excreted in the urine as
urea
Who requires the highest protein intake according to our textbook?
vegetarian strength athletes
Which of the following is not an antioxidant?
vitamin A
Which nutrient is required for the formation of collagen?
vitamin C
Which of the following donates electrons to free radicals in order to neutralize them?
vitamin E
Which of the following nutrients does not provide energy?
vitamins
Which of the following is not a solute?
water