Nutriton Exam 4

Which of the following ways of eating helps protect both the planet and your health?

eat a plant based diet

Which region of the United States has the highest level of poverty?

south

Which drug limits oxygen delivery to the fetus, slows cell division, and reduces the number of cells that organs produce?

a. insulin b. caffeine c. sugar d. alcohol the correct answer is D

A low birthweight infant is below

5½ lb.

What vitamin is important for the prevention of neural tube defects?

folate

What crosses the placenta freely and can stop the delivery of oxygen, which can harm the fetal nervous system and result in FAS?

a. caffeine b. tobacco c. insulin d. diabetes e. alcohol The correct answer is E

The typical, well-nourished 4-year-old needs approximately 1.2 g protein/kg body weight per day. If Sue, who weighs 34 pounds (15.5 kg) were severely malnourished and received this one-day menu, how does the protein content of the menu compare to the typical, well-nourished child's protein needs? (Hint: Total grams of protein /weight in kg of body weight = grams of Protein per day.)

The menu provides 3.5 times more protein per kg body weight

Fat is the most energy dense of the macronutrients. A high-fat diet is useful in nutrition rehabilitation to help meet the malnourished child's very high calorie needs. What percent of calories in this one-day menu come from fat?

52.29% calories from fat

The typical, well-nourished 4-year-old needs 90-100 kcal/kg body weight per day. If Sue, who weighs 34 pounds (15.5 kg) were severely malnourished and received this one-day menu, how many kcal/kg body weight per day would she be getting?

63.87 kcal/kg body weight per day

Federal assistance program for healthcare and nutrition of low-income pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and infants and children under the age of five.

WIC

All of these statements are true EXCEPT which one?

a. A mother's nutritional status is important during implantation, fetal development and during critical periods. b. In the first trimester, a woman needs an additional 250 calories. c. Iron needs during pregnancy increase because of an increase in blood volume. d. In the first trimester, a woman needs an additional 250 calories, and folate reduces the risk for neural tube defects. e. Folate reduces the risk for neural tube defects. the answer is B

__________ has some warning signs and involves both high blood pressure and protein in the urine. It usually results in __________.

a. Preeclampsia; preterm delivery b. Preterm delivery; preeclampsia c. Preeclampsia; hypertension d. Hypertension; preeclampsia e. Hypertension; preterm deliver the correct answer is A

Mikhaila is a 7-month-old infant who is consuming about 30 ounces of milk per day in addition to soft, fresh fruit and soft-cooked vegetables. When her hemoglobin is tested, the doctor reports a lower than normal value. What is the most likely cause of her low hemoglobin?

a. bottle anemia b. fruit anemia c. folate-deficiency anemia d. vegetable anemia e. milk anemia the correct answer is E

A pregnant woman needs to increase intake of which two vitamins due to their roles in cellular reproduction?

a. calcium and vitamin B12 b. folate and vitamin B12 c. calcium and vitamin D d. folate and vitamin D e. zinc and choline The correct answer is B

What should be avoided during pregnancy?

a. exercise, smoking, diet restrictions b. carbohydrates, caffeine, alcohol c. some supplements, exercise, alcohol d. caffeine, alcohol, excessive use of artificial sweeteners e. All of these should be avoided. the correct answer is D

What stage of human gestation is from the third to eighth week after conception?

a. fetus b. zygote c. infant d. ovum e. embryo the correct answer is E

Infants require energy nutrients and vitamins and minerals critical for growth, such as __________, vitamin D, and calcium for bone growth.

a. folate b. vitamin A c. iron d. zinc e. vitamin E the correct answer is B

What problems are likely to occur in adulthood in individuals born at a low birth weight

a. lower IQ, taller stature, and underweight b. lower IQ, shorter stature, educational disadvantages, and obesity c. higher IQ, underweight, and diabetes d. higher IQ, taller stature, excellent mental health, and diabetes e. higher IQ and taller stature the correct answer is B

If breastfed infants are less than a year in age, what should mothers wean them on to?

a. whole cow's milk b. low-fat cow's milk c. almond milk d. soy milk e. infant formula The correct answer is E

Which statement about fluid intake in the aging population is true?

a.As individuals age, fluid intake needs decrease. b.Decreasing fluid intake can lead to dehydration, which can lead to confusion, urinary tract infection, and pneumonia. c.Drinking too much water can exacerbate blood pressure problems in the elderly. d.It is normal and not a concern if older individuals don't like the taste of water and decrease fluid intake. e.Fluid intake is only relevant with a regular exercise program. The correct answer is B

All of the following are true about the placenta EXCEPT which statement?

a.It is where maternal blood vessels lie side by side with fetal blood vessels. b.It transfers nutrition to the fetus. c.It is where fetal and maternal blood mingles. d.It serves an excretory function for the fetus. e.It serves a respiratory function for the fetus. The correct answer is C

Which of the following is true about the placenta?

a.The umbilical cord provides cushioning for the fetus. b.The placenta performs functions that the fetus' digestive system, lungs, and kidneys will do after birth. c.The placenta delivers substances to the fetus, but substances can't pass through the placenta back to the mother's bloodstream. d.The placenta and the amniotic sac are interchangeable terms. e.The amniotic sac is where the placenta delivers nutrients to the fetus. The correct answer is B

FACS (can be causes by drinking alcohol when you are pregnant or breastfeeding. .

causes brain damage and growth restrictions, retardation of the mental capacity, facial abnormalities

A high-fiber diet, physical activity, and plentiful fluids will help prevent what during pregnancy

constipation

Which of the following personal actions could help reduce your environmental impact?

reduce waste

What is the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics?

a. 4 to 5 months b. at least 2 months c. 7 to 10 months d. 6 months e. 12 months the correct answer is D

How many hours of screen time do U.S. adolescents engage in per day, on average?

a. 7 hours b. 5 hours c. 1 hour d. 12 hours e. 0.5 hours the correct answer is A

Critical in DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, inadequate intakes during pregnancy may lead to fetal malformations.

Zinc

Define anencephaly

a fatal neural tube defect in which the brain fails to form spine bifida. Gabs occur in the bones of the spine and after cause a bulging and protruding of the spine. Which causes motor and other impairments. So very important to increase the folate intake.

Childhood obesity has risen tenfold in the past four decades. In fact, __________ children aged 2 through 19 is considered obese and surprisingly, __________is overweight.

a. 1 in 6; 1 in 3 b. 1 in 6; 1 in 6 c. 1 in 3; 1 in 6 d. 1 in 3; 1 in 2 e. 1 in 5; 1 in 3 The correct answer is A

What proportion of U.S. children and adolescents 2 to 19 years of age are overweight or obese?

a. 1/3 b. 3/4 c. 1/10 d. 1/5 e. 2/3 the correct answer is A

On average, how much milk per day does a nursing mother produce?

a. 100 ounces b. 10 ounces c. 45 ounces d. 25 ounces e. 60 ounces the correct answer is D

To meet energy needs for milk production, a woman is advised to eat an extra how many calories of food per day above her regular needs during the first 6 months of lactation?

a. 170 cal b. 330 cal c. 650 cal d. 500 cal e. 800 cal the correct answer is B

Iron requirements increase 50% during pregnancy due to

-increased oxygen requirements -poor pre-pregnancy iron stores

Which of these combinations would provide the recommended amount of iron per day during pregnancy?

1 Mother Nature's Prenatal Supplement

At 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, all pregnant women not previously diagnosed with diabetes are tested for what?

a. glucose intolerance b. thyroid function c. hypertension d. adequate carbohydrate intake the correct answer is A

What is the most effective cure for preeclampsia?

a. hypertension drugs b. delivery c. avoidance of caffeine and stress d. exercise e. bed rest the correct answer is B

what has been found to be a safe alcohol intake during pregnancy?

a. no more than 1 drink per day b. no safe level c. 3-5 drinks per week d. 7 drinks per week the correct answer is B

How would you classify Ezekiel, whose weight is at the 96th percentile for his age and gender?

a. normal weight b. underweight c. obese d. very underweight e. overweight The correct answer is C

All of the following are benefits of being physically active during pregnancy EXCEPT:

a. reduces stress. b. maintains or improves fitness of mother. c. facilitates labor. d. increases risk for gestational diabetes the correct answer is D

What two vitamins famous for their roles in cell reproduction are needed in increased amounts during pregnancy?

a. thiamin and niacin b. folate and niacin c. niacin and B12 d. folate and vitamin D e. folate and B12 the correct answer is c

An estimated 20% of the world's population is at risk for zinc deficiency, which contributes to growth failure, diarrhea, and pneumonia. This therapeutic menu contains only two ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF). Each RUTF provides approximately how much zinc per serving?

13 mg

This one day menu for a malnourished child provides significantly more nutrition than a well-nourished child would need. How many calories per day are in this menu?

2,540 calories

If Sue were suffering from acute malnutrition, she would quickly become underweight for her height, a condition described as wasting. Nutrition rehabilitation programs are designed to gradually increase caloric intake to help restore the malnourished child to health. This therapeutic menu contains only two ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF). Approximately what percent of calories does each serving of RUTF in this one-day menu provide?

20%

The DRI for vitamin D is listed in µg cholecalciferol; 1 µg cholecalciferol is equivalent to 40 International Units (IUs) of vitamin D. How many IUs of vitamin D are in this one-day menu?

3,168 IU vitamin D

Producing milk costs a woman almost blank cal/day above her regular need during the first six months of la

500 cal/day

Which of these combinations would provide the recommended amount of iron per day during pregnancy

Baked potato, 1 cup boiled kidney beans, 1 cup raw spinach, 1 cup cashews, 1 cup raw almonds, 1 cup raisins

During pregnancy a women's nutrients needs increase more. Two main ones are?

Folate and B12 (important for cell reproduction aka growth and development of the fetus)

what is the food assistant program wick

Is women infant and children. That can help with proper nutrient for those with financial needs.

Provides home-delivered meals services to people who are unable to prepare their own meals.

Meals on wheels

is defined as high blood pressure and protein in the urine.

Preeclampsia

Necessary for collagen synthesis, inadequate intake during pregnancy may result in preterm birth.

Vitamin C

What is a contraindication for breastfeeding in the less developed parts of the world?

a. an untreated tuberculosis infection in the lactating mother b. poor maternal nutrition c. natural disaster or environmental contamination of water d. a mother taking oral contraceptives during lactation e. HIV infection in the lactating mother the correct answer is A

The DRIs are for healthy people; whereas, a child who is severely malnourished has significantly higher nutrition needs than the DRI would account for. Which of the micronutrients does this one-day menu provide approximately 150% of the DRI for?

calcium

May occur as a result of an undernourished mother during pregnancy who gains too little weight

low birth rate

After analyzing the maps, one can conclude that higher poverty levels are linked with:

lower levels of food security

During the first trimester, how many additional calories per day does a pregnant woman need?

none

In proportion to their body weight, babies need more than twice as much of most nutrients compared to adults, as a percentage of body weight.

true

Malnutrition during pregnancy may result in decreased vasculature of this organ that holds the developing fetus.

uterus

Breast milk provides an infant with all of the essential nutrients, except

vitamin D

In the earliest phases of malnutrition rehabilitation (stabilization phase), iron should not be given as it can make infections worse. Iron should be included only after the child has begun gaining weight in the rehabilitation phases. This menu would be given in the rehabilitation phases. This menu contains what percent of the DRI for iron?

323%

More than 100 million children under the age of 5 around the world suffer from symptoms of vitamin A deficiency, which include blindness, growth retardation, and poor resistance to common childhood infections such as measles. How does the vitamin A (RAE) content of this one-day menu compare to the DRI?

It is approximately 11 times higher.

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, a rib eye steak has an energy density of approximately 2,650 kcal/kg. A person could conceivably consume 730,000 kcal/year simply by eating 275.5 kg of steak over the course of a year, or 26.5 oz every day. Would a person who did this be likely to be properly nourished, and why or why not?

No; beef lacks some essential nutrients. The person would probably suffer from malnutrition.

The source of all nutrition for a developing fetus, malnourishment in a pregnant woman may actually lead to its increased size at the expense of increased fetal size.

Placenta

How can a woman who is planning to get pregnant prevent lifelong mental retardation and other tragedies of FAS in her child?

a. Abstain from drinking alcohol altogether. b. Consume no more than 2 drinks per week. c. Consume no more than one 8-ounce drink per day. d. Abstain from drinking alcohol during the last trimester of pregnancy. e. Stop drinking alcohol when the pregnancy has been confirmed the correct answer is a

Why should sweets be limited when encouraging the development of normal eating behaviors in children?

a. Children become hyperactive with uncontrollable eating behaviors after eating sweets. b. Sweets are very nutrient dense. c. Fruits should be the only source of sweets in a child's diet. d. Children have little room for empty-calorie foods in their daily energy allowance. e. Sweets can be used to bribe children into good behaviors The correct answer is D

The placenta does all of the following EXCEPT ________.

a.deliver nutrients to the fetal bloodstream b.deliver hormones to the fetal bloodstream c.maintain the fetus' body temperature d.deliver antibodies to the fetal bloodstream e.produce a broad range of hormones that help maintain pregnancy The correct answer is C

What are two important nutrient-related aspects to incorporate into an eating pattern as one ages?

a.low carbohydrate and water b.adequate protein and water c.adequate carbohydrate and a 5 percent increase in energy with each decade d.low fiber and adequate amino acids e.very low fat intake and fiber The correct answer is B

Federally assisted meal program operating in public and nonprofit private schools and residential childcare institutions.

national school lunch program

Which of the following is FALSE regarding child meal times?

a. It is unwise to force food on a child, so they can become a familiar with new foods. b. A parent needs to continuously choose nutritious foods for their children so they are exposed to different foods. c. Mealtimes are to be pleasant and enjoyable. d. Young children need to explore and enjoy foods, even if they use their fingers. e. Behaving poorly at the table should be discouraged politely and wisely. the correct answer is B

What is the best description of the alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)?

a. behavioral, cognitive, or central nervous system abnormalities associated with prenatal alcohol exposure b. the cluster of symptoms including brain damage, growth restriction, mental retardation, and facial abnormalities seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed alcohol during her pregnancy c. a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure d. malformations in the skeletal and organ systems (heart, kidneys, eyes, ears) associated with prenatal alcohol exposure e. emotional, cognitive, or intellectual abnormalities associated with prenatal alcohol exposure the correct answer is A

Infant __________ is the most potent single indicator of an infant's future health status.

a. embryo size b. amniotic sac fluidity c. placental weight d. day at implantation e. birth weight The correct answer E

Which statement about gestational diabetes is true?

a. Gestational diabetes often leads to surgical birth and low infant birthweight. b. Native Americans are not at high risk for developing gestational diabetes. c. Paternal BMI >25 is a risk factor for developing gestational diabetes. d. Gestational diabetes usually does not resolve after the birth. e. Women who have gestational diabetes may develop type 2 diabetes later in life. the correct answer is E

The following foods should be omitted from an infant's diet EXCEPT:

a. cooked poultry. b. salted vegetables. c. honey or corn syrup. d. foods containing sorbitol. the correct answer a

Which practice encourages normal eating behaviors in the child?

a. discouraging exploration of food b. telling the child how much and when to eat c. delaying enjoyable activities until the child tastes a new food d. discouraging unacceptable behaviors at mealtime e. forcing a child to try new foods the correct answer is D

An infant's birthweight ______ by about five months of age and ______ by the age of one year.

a. doubles; doubles again b. increases by 10 lb; increases by an additional 10 lb c. doubles; triples d. triples; quadruples the correct answer is C

he nutritional status of a woman is the only factor that influences fertility and the ability to reproduce.

false

Critical for brain growth and eye development, inadequate intake during pregnancy may impair fetal brain development.

fat

Which region of the United States has the highest prevalence of food insecurity?

south