OB Final Exam Study Guide

According to Skinner, unlearned reflexes are called operant behavior, and learned behavior is called respondent behavior.

False

Managers, for instance, have personal power because they control your pay, your work assignments, your hiring and firing, and your evaluations. In contrast, expert and referent are forms of personal power, which you possess independent of your position or job.

False

Organizational commitment exists to the degree that the person is satisfied with his or her job.

False

Research has shown that despite the assumption many managers make, proactivity is unrelated to work performance.

False

Resistance to change is caused solely by irrational and stubborn recipients of change.

False

Restricting employees' use of social media at work generally leads to gains in productivity.

False

The interactional perspective states that behavior is a function of individual, group, and organizational factors.

False

______ is the sense that you have control over your work and its outcomes. Significance Self-determination Impact Competence Meaning

Self-determination

Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink? overestimation of opponents illusion of invulnerability self-censorship mindguards illusion of unanimity

overestimation of opponents

A person who is indifferent to and ignores another's influence attempt is exhibiting coercion. resistance. compliance. commitment. rebellion.

resistance

The three global values that are essential for promoting positive OB are

restorative justice, compassion, and temperance.

The four phases of mentoring are initiation, cultivation, socialization, and definition.

False

To become a team, a group must be composed of members with similar skills and personalities.

False

Unlike other elements of OB, leadership is not influenced by situational factors.

False

Which of the following statements about innovation is true? Innovation rarely grows from necessity. Innovation can be systematized. Innovation can be motivated by profit. Innovation has nothing to do with hard work. Innovation always involves a "eureka" moment.

Innovation can be motivated by profit.

Regarding the relative importance of personal and technical skills, which of the following is true?

Personal skills become more important as job level increases.

________ change is the most complex, costly, and uncertain of changes.

Radically innovative

A learning goal involves enhancing knowledge or skill.

True

The sources of creative behaviors are both personal and environmental factors.

True

Which of the following are the three Cs of team players?

committed, collaborative, competent

In the ________, organizations tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation. open systems theory organic approach modular approach cultural fit process contingency approach

contingency approach

Which characteristic is shared by the perceiver and the target? cognitive load context of interaction direction of gaze nonverbal cues needs and goals

direction of gaze

Roger, a manager, knows that one of his employees values conformity and tradition. Roger should assign the employee to a job that includes

high respect, commitment, and acceptance

ABC Company states, "We put the smiles on kids' faces." This is its

mission

One's reputation is an example of ________ power. expert reward coercion referent legitimate

referent

A group member who says _____ is performing a maintenance role.

"Jonathan, you have been quiet lately. What do you think?"

_____ is the conflict handling style that is passive withdrawal from the problem and active suppression of the issue.

Avoiding

Sharon recently visited the Mayan temple at Chitzen Itza in the Yucatan. She was humbled by its feeling of age and history, particularly because she is of Mayan descent. ________ is the emotion she is likely feeling.

Awe

Which of the following should a person do to manage conflict? Push strongly to "win" the conflict. Be open and honest. Ignore the conflict until it goes away. Use evaluative rather than descriptive language. Avoid conflict at all costs.

Be open and honest

When Harry has a perceived conflict with a co-worker, he will send them e-mails that are taunting or insulting. This is an example of

CWB

Which of the following is not an underlying assumption of Lewin's model? Change involves both learning and unlearning. Resistance is found even when the goals of change are highly desirable. Change should only be undertaken as a final resort. There must be motivation to change. Effective change requires reinforcement.

Change should only be undertaken as a final resort.

_________ is a stress reduction technique that is expensive because it requires a trained psychologist or counselor.

Cognitive restructuring

During "norming," members tend to be anxious and uncertain.

False

Evidence should never be used to make a decision, only to inform or support one.

False

If a person is a third-party observer of a conflict, the correct approach for him or her to eliminate the conflict is to take sides.

False

In an organization, coordination of effort is achieved through the unity of command principle.

False

Job enlargement is the process of modifying a job to increase the opportunities to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement.

False

Job involvement represents the extent to which an individual is personally involved with his or her work role. This has nothing to do with job satisfaction.

False

Job satisfaction has a negative association with OCB and a positive relationship with CWB.

False

Not everyone is a leader who exerts influence over others in pursuit of organizationally relevant matters.

False

The obliging style of conflict handling involves low concern for self and low concern for others.

False

There are three types of change: upward, downward, and lateral.

False

_________ is one characteristic that would describe an organization without positive OB.

Focus on wealth

Larry, a new lawyer at Dewey, Dewey, and Dewey, is under pressure to maximize his billable hours. If he doesn't bill enough hours, he will receive negative performance reviews and is likely to lose his job. Larry starts rounding up the minutes on each of his phone calls and meetings to the next 10-minute level. This is an example of

Ill-conceived Goals

_______ occurs when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior when it's carried out through third parties.

Indirect Blindness

Which of the following is not a soft skill? critical thinking decision making problem solving active listening operations

Operations

Which of the following is not an element of an effective social media policy? Align the policy with the organization's culture. Outline consequences for violations. Clarify what is confidential. Define what is considered illegal. Prepare everyone to be a spokesperson for the company's online policies.

Prepare everyone to be a spokesperson for the company's online policies.

Carl has asked Martha, who has the office next to him, to watch him practice the presentation he will be giving to his bosses next week. What step of the TED protocol for effective presentations is he in?

Put it together

___________ focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance. Initiating structure Empowerment Transactional leadership Consideration Transformational leadership

Transactional Leadership

Dominic's boss at the Chuck Wagon restaurant expects that he will stay late to clean up the bar areas on Friday and Saturday nights. However, Dominic needs to be home to take over babysitting from his wife, who works a night shift. This is a work-family conflict.

True

In a horizontal structure, workgroups are created to improve collaboration and work on common products.

True

Increasing the autonomy of a person's job is one effective way to increase that person's self-efficacy.

True

Intuition is represented by two distinct processes—one automatic, involuntary, and mostly effortless; and the other being controlled, voluntary, and effortful.

True

Job crafting may involve changing task boundaries, the relational nature of a job, or cognitions about the job.

True

One example of a crucial conversation is asking your roommate to move out.

True

One of the employee characteristics in House's path-goal model is need for achievement.

True

One of the important functions of organizational culture is to facilitate collective commitment.

True

One way to make a bad impression on others is to have a negative mindset.

True

People with an external locus of control generally earn lower salaries than those with an internal locus of control.

True

Pride is a positive emotion. However, unchecked pride is hubris, which is not positive.

True

Research has found that some aspects of an individual's disposition are significantly associated with some aspects of job satisfaction, such as having autonomy or receipt of rewards.

True

Research has indicated that customer satisfaction and employee productivity are higher when the racio-ethnic composition of the customers matched that of store employees.

True

The two components of hope are willpower and waypower.

True

To reduce groupthink, someone should be given the role of devil's advocate.

True

Unethical behavior erodes trust, and also negatively affects cooperation in organizations.

True

When making attributions about a worker's performance, people can assign responsibility to either internal or external factors.

True

Fred, a department manager, is attending the monthly budget planning meeting, where all the department managers report on their current status. Both before and after his own presentation, he sits forward in his chair and makes eye contact with all the other managers as they present. He asks questions and nods his head after their responses. He is exhibiting the ________ style of listening.

active

A(n) _______ culture encourages being adaptable, creative, and fast to respond to changes in the marketplace. market hierarchy adhocracy hybrid clan

adhocracy

Norah and Katy work together. They are also friends outside of work. Norah and Katy are constantly texting each other. Their supervisor comments that, while this might be fine outside of work, it's inappropriate to constantly text each other in the office. This is an example of

context of interaction

Which of the following is a traditional organizational design? virtual modular horizontal hollow divisional

divisional

Which of the following is not a content theory of motivation? Theory X and Theory Y self-determination theory equity theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory acquired needs theory

equity theory

In the job characteristics model, the presence of skill variety, task identity, and task significance cause an employee to feel

experienced meaningfulness of the work

Which of the following is not a situation that commonly produces conflict? interdependent tasks inadequate communication extreme time pressure individual decision making unclear policies

individual decision making

Which three roles are especially important to groups?

initiator, orienter, energizer

When a leader is resolving disputes, he or she is engaging in ________ behaviors. path-goal clarifying interaction-facilitation supportive work-facilitation achievement-oriented

interaction-facilitation

The two dimensions of the competing values framework are group-individual and anticipatory-developmental. group-individual and stable-flexible. internal-external and group-individual. internal-external and group-individual. internal-external and stable-flexible.

internal-external and stable-flexible

The potential to understand, connect with, and effectively work with others is ______ intelligence.

interpersonal

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except

interpersonal intelligence

Which type(s) of organizational culture has (have) been shown by research to be most strongly related to subjective innovation? hierarchy market adhocracy clan adhocracy and clan

market

A person will experience _______ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person.

negative inequity

Donovan and Keith both work as line employees at the Widget Corporation plant. They are both big fans of the San Francisco Forty-Niners and meet at game times in local sports bars to watch the game. They are probably providing _______ to each other.

social companionship

A major drawback of _________ is that "winning the debate" may overshadow the issue at hand, leading to a less than desired conclusion. the dialectic method alternative dispute resolution mediation negotiation devil's advocacy

the dialectic method

If unpredictable instances of a target behavior are reinforced, a _________ schedule is in effect.

variable

Which of the following is a "soft" influence tactic? Coalition tactics Pressure Rational persuasion Legitimating tactics Exchange

Rational Persuasion

Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving communications with the baby boomer generation? Avoid stereotypes. Match degree of formality with the culture. Be aware of different values and motives. Stick to only old-fashioned communication methods. Use a variety of communication tools.

Stick to only old-fashioned communication methods

Which of the following is not a benefit of functional structures? They work well in dynamic environments. People devote more of their time to what they do best. Supervisors understand what department members do. Members develop pride in their specialty, which helps quality. They can save money by grouping together people who need similar materials or equipment.

They work well in dynamic environments

Individuals who are behavioral in decision-making style risk being autocratic and focusing on the short term. sometimes overanalyze situations. have a tendency to avoid conflict. are good at finding creative solutions to problems. prefer written to verbal information.

have a tendency to avoid conflict

Which of the following is the most fixed of a person's individual differences? self-efficacy self-esteem attitudes intelligence emotions

intelligence

The levels of organizational culture are identity, commitment, and stability. clan, hierarchy, market, and adhocracy. observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions. strategy, mission, and values. stability and flexibility.

observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions.

In the recency perceptual error, a person

over-relies on information from the last portion of the review period.

Jack set himself a goal of shooting a 79 or better on his local golf course before the end of spring. This is a ________ goal.

performance

In which stage of the group development process are group members asking, "How can I best perform my role?"

performing

Which of the following is not a factor that affects perceptions of feedback? accuracy personal relationship with the feedback giver credible source fairness of the system reasonableness of the goals or standards

personal relationship with the feedback giver

Donna works as a project manager for a major consumer products firm. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. Janice's beliefs represent a(n)

psychological contract

Jay works for ABC Corporation. He feels quite comfortable expressing his opinions about a wide variety of issues facing the company without fear of reprisal. This reflects ABC's

psychological safety

The primary purpose of _________ behaviors is to enhance employees' skills and to create positive work relationships among coworkers and between the leader and his or her employees. task-oriented relationship-oriented transformational passive empowerment

relationship-oriented

Content theories of motivation focus on how internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation.

False

Strategic skills are the most important to managers at middle levels of the organization.

False

The four stages of stereotype formation, in order, are categorization, expectations, inferences, and maintenance.

False

Which of the following is not an example of a crucial conversation? ending a relationship inviting a friend to dinner a negative performance review critiquing a colleague's report confronting a teammate who is frequently late to meetings

inviting a friend to dinner