OB/ Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing

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Common warning signs of abuse

-Delay in seeking treatment -Hx of being accident prone -Pattern of injuries (identical burns on both feet) -Multiple injuries in varying stages of healing -Victim and abuser's stories don't match -Previous report of abuse-Patient fearful of partner -Visits many different ED, Dr.'s for treatment

Nutritional Anemias Symptoms

-easily fatigued -skin and mucous membranes are pale -shortness of breath -pounding heart -rapid pulse (with severe anemia)

Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)

0-2. Sensations and perceptions. Master object permanence. Emphasis on the senses: touch, vision, motor (sucking and grasping)

Recommended folic acid dosage for women of childbearing age?

0.4 mg

normal output of newborn

1-3 ml/kg/hr

Abandonment

4 year old Henry parents were separated for several months and are now divorced. He may likely experience feelings of?

A nurse is caring for a child who has cerebral palsy. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer to treat painful muscle spasms? (Select all that apply.) A. Baclofen B. Diazepam C. Oxybutynin D. Methotrexate E. Prednisone

A, B

A nurse is assessing a child who has a rotavirus infection. Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply) A. Fever B. Vomiting C. Watery stools D. Bloody stools E. Confusion

A, B, C

A nurse is caring for a child who has a fracture. Which of the following are manifestations of a fracture? (Select all that apply) A. Crepitus B. Edema C. Pain D. Fever E. Ecchymosis

A, B, C, E

A nurse is caring for a client who has major burns and suspected septic shock. Which of the following findings are consistent with septic shock? (Select all that apply.) A. Increased body temperature B. Altered sensorium C. Decreased capillary refill D. Decreased urine output E. Increased bowel sounds

A, B, D

A nurse is teaching a parent of an infant about gastrointestinal reflux disease. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Offer frequent feedings B. Thicken formula with rice cereal C. Use a bottle with a one-way valve D. Position baby upright after feedings E. Use a wide-based nipple for feedings

A, B, D

A nurse is teaching the parent of a child who has a growth hormone deficiency. Which of the following are complications of untreated growth hormone deficiency? (Select all that apply) A. Delayed sexual development B. Premature aging C. Advanced bone age D. Short stature E. Increased epiphyseal closure

A, B, D

A nurse is caring for an infant who has ambiguous genitalia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply). A. Prepare the child for surgery B. Obtain a detailed family history C. Gather supplies for a circumcision D. Refer the family for genetic counseling E. Explain the need for a chromosomal analysis

A, B, D, E

A nurse is caring for a child who has thrombocytopenia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply) A. Monitor for signs of bleeding B. Administer routine immunizations C. Obtain rectal temperatures D. Avoid peripheral venipunctures E. Limit visitors

A, D

What are the functions of amniotic fluid? (Select all that apply.) a. Maintaining an even temperature b. Impeding excessive fetal movement c. Lubricating fetal skin d. Acting as a reservoir for nutrients e. Acting as a cushion for the fetus

ANS: A, E The amniotic fluid provides maintenance of even temperature; prevents amnion from adhering to fetal skin; allows buoyancy, symmetrical growth, and fetal movement; and acts as a cushion for the fetus. Although the fetus does swallow amniotic fluid, it has no nutritional value.

What is the total number of chromosomes contained in a mature sperm or ovum? a. 22 b. 23 c. 44 d. 46

ANS: B Gametes (sex cells) contain 23 chromosomes.

Progesterone

A female sex hormone

Race

A group of people sharing certain characteristics including skin color, hair texture, facial shape, and/or body size or shape

Apathy

A lack of interest in one's surroundings

Compensation

A mental mechanism that allows the person to make up for deficiencies in one area by excelling in another

Pseudomenstruation

A slight blood-tinged vaginal discharge that may appear shortly after birth; it is thought to be related to the maternal hormones and disappears without any treatment

Religion

A specific system of beliefs and worship

Fight-or-flight response

A state of readiness to attack or flee caused by a perceived threat

placenta

A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply

Compatibility

A sympathetic, comfortable feeling tone in a relationship

Empty-nest syndrome

A term used to define the reaction to having grown children leave the home

Pruritus

A term used to describe itching

Adolescence

A transitional period beginning with sexual maturity and ending with growth cessation and movement toward emotional maturity

Transcultural nursing

A view of nursing as caring for one world with many cultures

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is 20 weeks gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indicator of fetal compromise.

Frtal heart rate of 110/min

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is in the active phase of the first stage of labor. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the charge nurse?

Green fluid from the vagina.

Proximosdistal

Growth that progresses from center of body toward extremities

What pelvic type is optimal for delivery?

Gynecoid

Preeclampsia

HBP during pregnancy proteinuria edema headache

2 months milestones

Head Control (milestone)

IUGR

Intrauterine growth restriction (retardation)

physical abuse

intentionally causing physical harm to another person

Nuclear family

Jeremy age 4 lives with his mother, father, and 6 month old sister. This living arrangement describes the?

LEAD

Less than 10

Purpose of the scrotum?

keep the testes temperature regulated

dizgotic twins

not identical

Nonjudgmental

Melvin carry, a 22 year old nurse is employed in the intensive care unit. When interacting with patients families, he must be which of the following?

4 phases of menstrual cycle

Menstrual Phase day 1-5 Proliferative phase day 6-14 Secretory phase day 15-26 Ischemic phase day 27-27

Reciprocity

Moral feelings of concern for what is fair to others, as described by Kohlberg

The causes of high-risk pregnancies usually include the following characteristics:

Occur because the woman has a medical condition injury that complicates pregnancy Result from the environmental hazards that affect the mother or her fetus Arise from maternal behaviors or lifestyles that have a negative effect on the mother or fetus

Types of Play: Parallel

Pay along side without interaction

Same sex family

People of the same sex are the primary caregivers of one or more children.

Accommodation

Piaget's third concept, occurs with new experiences that no longer fit or can be assimilated into existing schemas

Melanocytes

Pigmented skin cells

Malnutrition

Poor dietary practice that results from the lack of essential nutrients or from failure to eat available foods

Colostrum

Precursor of breast milk, present as early as the seventh month of fetal life

If the mother has a NEGATIVE blood type

she receives RHOGAM at 28 weeks to prevent issoimmunization from happening erythrocytes (RBC) CAUSING ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS (DANGEROUS FOR FETUS)

the childs sex is determined by the

sperm, which contains either an X or Y chromosome

why are twins often born early

the uterus becomes overdistended

colostrum

thin, yellow fluid, precursor of milk, secreted for a few days after birth

tonic neck reflex

turning the head to one side, extending the arm and leg on that side, and flexing the limbs on the opposite side

Attachment and commitment

two common bonds that hold a family together are?

AVA 2 arteries 1 vein

umbilical cord

Conversion defense mechanism

unconscious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause

Function of the fallopian tubes

where the sperm and ovum meet site of fertilization safe, nourishing environment for the ovum r zygote transport the ovum or zugotes to the corpus of the uterus

What determines the sex of an embryo?

Spermatozoa, if an X is a girl Y is a boy

Ethnicity

Stable cultural patterns shared by a group of families with the same historical roots

Chromosomes

Substances that carry the genes that transmit inherited characteristics

Major Safety Issues with Children

Suffocation, falls, choking, car acccidents

Apocrine glands

Sweat glands in the axillae and pubic region

Have open communication

To resolve a family conflict, the members must be able to?

Dental caries

Tooth decay

TORCH infections

Toxoplasmosis Other Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes infections that can be devastating

Verbal communication

Transmission of attitudes, thoughts, and feelings using spoken or written words

Beliefs

Truths held by a culture

Hydatidiform mole treatment

Uterine evacuation Dilation

PEDS ATI

VS + LAB VALUES

Resistance exercise

Weight lifting that builds muscle mass

Reproduction

Which of the following is a stage of family development?

Redirecting the child's actions

Which of the following is an accepted method of discipline for a toddler?

Dilation

Widening or expansion of an opening

development from fertilization to fetus

Zygote from fertilization to week 2 embryo between 2nd and 8th week fetus 9 week of gestation to birth

rooting reflex

a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple

Hand dominance is not determined until: a. 15 months b. 12 months c. 2 years d. 3 years

a. 15 months

son. You could tell her that this behavior represents: a. A need for independence b. Developing self-esteem c. Cognitive achievement d. Ego integrity

a. A need for independence

The parent of the school-age child can be told to expect normal average growth to include: a. Average weight increase of 2 to 3 kilograms each year b. Average height increase of 2 to 3 centimeters each year c. Budding of the wisdom teeth d. Maximum cardiac output

a. Average weight increase of 2 to 3 kilograms each year

Jeremy attends the mental health clinic. He has a history of personality disorder with childlike behavior. This can result from: a. Unrestrained id dominance b. An overdeveloped superego c. Conflict with the ego d. Unresolved Electra complex

a. Unrestrained id dominance

preclampsia

abnormal condition associated with pregnancy marked by high blood pressure gestational hypertension, proteinuria, and edema.

Placenta Previa

abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus painless bright red blood

presumptive signs of pregnancy

absent of menses amenorrhea quickening

At what age can a child climb the stairs two feet at a time? a. 18 months b. 12 months c. 2 years d. 3 years

c. 2 years

Twenty-year-old Timothy is unable to bond with others and develop any meaningful relationship. Timothy would be unable to meet which of Maslow's needs? a. Physiological b. Safety c. Belonging d. Self-esteem

c. Belonging

According to Piaget, a person begins to understand the principle that matter can take on many forms in the: a. Sensorimotor stage b. Preoperational stage c. Concrete stage d. Formal stage

c. Concrete stage

Toddlers are more prone to ear infection because the: a. Internal ear is larger than that in the adult b. Bones in the inner ear have not fused. c. Eustachian tube is shorter and wider d. Ear fills more rapidly with wax

c. Eustachian tube is shorter and wider

Erikson believes that 5-year-old Devon should be mastering the task of: a. Trust b. Autonomy c. Initiative d. Industry

c. Initiative

When a young man attempts to go to see a new movie that just opened, he is turned away as the tickets are all sold out. He responds, "it doesn't really matter, the movie was probably overrated by the reviewers." The young man is probably: a. Repressing b. Regressing c. Rationalizing d. Compensating

c. Rationalizing

Moral development of the school-age child is focused on: a. Revenge b. Hatred c. Reciprocity d. Healing

c. Reciprocity

After a traumatic car accident, the driver cannot remember any of the details. A common defense mechanism that could explain this is known as: a. Rationalization b. Compensation c. Repression d. Reaction formation

c. Repression

According to Maslow, self-actualization is achieved when the person is: a. Uncomfortable in the presence of strangers b. Able to recognize the need to excel in whatever he or she does c. Self-fulfilled and strives to reach potential d. Firm and unbending in his or her ideas

c. Self-fulfilled and strives to reach potentia

A nurse is caring for a child who sustained a fracture. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Place a heat pack on the site of injury B. Elevate the affected limb C. Assess neurovascular status frequently D. Encourage ROM of the affected limb E. Stabilize the injury

B, C, E

A nurse is caring for a client who has a skin graft. Which of the following manifestations indicate infection? (Select all that apply) A. Pink color to subcutaneous fat B. Unstable body temperature C. Generation of granulation tissue D. Subeschar hemorrhage E. Change in skin color around the affected area

B, D, E

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is at 37 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

Blurred vision

Diffusion

Borrowing cultural traits from another culture borrowing cultural traits from another culture

Obstetrics

Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth

Schedule of food (0-6mo)

Breast milk, formula, add water

A nurse is caring for a child following an above the knee left leg amputation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Avoid discussing the amputation B. Administer aspirin for phantom pain C. Prepare the child for a prosthesis fitting D. Maintain the affected limb in the dependent position

C

A nurse is caring for a child who is postoperative following surgical removal of a Wilms' tumor. Which of the following assessments is an indication to continue NPO status? A. Abdominal girth 1 cm larger than yesterday B. Report of pain at the operative site C. Absent bowel sounds D. Passing off flatus every 30 min.

C

A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has a new diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Ensure that the adolescent has a referral for a psychiatrist visit B. Prepare a teaching plan to educate the adolescent in detail about his diagnosis and treatment C. Spend time with the adolescent to answer any questions he can have D. Perform a mental status examination to assess the adolescent's thought patterns

C

A nurse is completing preoperative teaching with an adolescent client who is scheduled to receive spinal instrumentation for scoliosis. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You will go home the same day of surgery." B. "You will have minimal pain." C. "You will need to receive blood." D. "You will not be able to eat until the day after surgery."

C

A nurse is planning care for an infant who is scheduled to have a lumbar puncture. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? A. Cleanse the thoracic area of the infant's back with an antiseptic solution B. Apply a eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream just before the procedure begins. C. Restrain the infant during the procedure to prevent movement D. Position the infant with his head extended and chin raised

C

A nurse is preparing to administer the varicella vaccine to an adolescent. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask to determine whether there is a contraindication to administering the vaccine? A. "Do you have an allergy to eggs?" B. "Have you ever had encephalopathy following immunizations?" C. "Are you currently taking corticosteroid medication?" D. "Have you ever had an anaphylactic reaction to yeast?"

C

A nurse is teaching a child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about self-care. Which of the following statements by the child indicates understanding of the teaching? A. "I should skip breakfast when I'm not hungry." B. "I should increase my insulin with exercise." C. "I should drink a glass of milk when I am feeling irritable." D. "I should draw up the NPH insulin into the syringe before the regular insulin."

C

A nurse is caring for a child who has oral mucositis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply) A. Swab the mucosa with lemon glycerin swabs B. Apply viscous lidocaine C. Offer soft foods D. Use a soft, disposable toothbrush for oral care E. Encourage gargling with a warm saline mouthwash

C, D, E

A nurse is teaching the parent of a child who has a Wilms' tumor. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply) A. "Your child will need to have chemotherapy for 12 months." B. "Wilms' tumors are typically genetic in nature." C. "Surgery is done usually within 48 hours of diagnosis." D. "Palpating the tumor could cause spread of the cancer." E. "Further treatments will start immediately after surgery."

C, D, E

Teratogens

Chemical or physical substances that can adversely affect the unborn

Down's syndrome Trisomy 18 Test Results

Clarifying and interpreting results should be carried out collaboratively by all health care providers involved in the procedure Guidance should be provided for choices and to consider options

A nurse is collecting data from the parent of a newborn immediately following birth. The parent states, "She is so tiny. We don't know how to pick her up without hurting her." Which of the following actions should the nurse take first to promote parent-newborn attachment?

Demonstrate to the parent how to hold the newborn.

Bottle-mouth syndrome

Dental caries caused by sugar in the milk or juice; usually occurs when bottles are given at nighttime

mechanisms of labor

Descent engagement flexion internal rotation extension external rotation expulsion

A nurse is monitoring a client who is in the first stage of labor and received IV fentanyl citrate 10 min ago for pain. The client has slurred speech and an altered mental status. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Determine the client's oxygen saturation level.

Anterior Fontanel

Diamond shaped soft spot on cranium of fetus or infant. Located at front of head

Management Woman with GDM

Diet Monitoring blood glucose levels Ketone monitoring Exercise Fetal assessment

insomnia

Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep

What is the difference between true and false labor?

Dilation of the cervix

Explain to the children that they are not to blame for the marriage failing

Divorce is a known stressor for the family unit. Which of the following responses by the nurse would best support the individuals decision go divorce?

Care of the Pregnant Woman with Excessive Bleeding

Document blood loss monitor VS and 1&O Observe for Pain Uterine rigidity or tenderness Verify that orders for blood typing and cross-match have been carried out Monitor intravenous infusion Prepare for surgery, if indicated Monitor FHR and contractions Monitor labs results, including coagulation studies Administer oxygen by mask Prepare for newborn resuscitation

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who is pregnant and has intermittent constipation. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend in the plan?

Drink 2 L of water per day.

Technological innovation

Drives rapid changes in our society today; create cultural change

Attachment

Emotional bonds between the mother and child

Respectability

Emphasizes role modeling and valuing

Conventional (Kohlberg)

care for others and uphold laws and social rules simply because they are laws, respect authority

complications of breech presentation

cord prolapse increased risk of birth trauma postpartum hemorrhage

Caput Succedaneum

edema under scalp, crosses suture lines

Trust vs. Mistrust

Erikson's first stage during the first year of life, infants learn to trust when they are cared for in a consistent warm manner

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Erikson's stage of social development in which middle-aged (40-65 yr) people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service. Finding their meaning in life.

Prenatal Visits (Frequency) in Uneventful pregnancy

Every month for 7 months Every 2 weeks during the 8th month Every week during 9th month Each visit may include: Weight and vital signs Urine checked glucose fetal HR

fimbrae

fingerlike projections of fallopian tube which sweep ova into tube

respite care

give caretaker break

Initial dangers to mother pastpartum are ____ and after that_____?

hemorrhage infections

A nurse is caring for a client who is postpartum and is receiving carboprost. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understand the purpose of this medication?

"This medication will slow down my bleeding."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about preventing urinary tract infections with a client who is at 25 weeks of gestation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

"You should empty your bladder before you go to bed at night."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a bacterial infection. Which of the following statements should the nurse include int he teaching?

"You should suspend breastfeeding for 8-10 days."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about a nonstress test with a client who is at 33 weeks of gestation. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

"You will press a button when you feel the baby move."

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

(Erikson) People in late adulthood (65+) either achieve a sense of integrity of the self by accepting the lives they have lived or yield to despair that their lives cannot be relived

Ultrasound Amniotic fluid volume checking for

(OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS POLYHYDRAMNIOS) monitor to Identify fetal well-being

Hepatitis B transmitted through

*Saliva *semen *breast milk Fetus may be infected transplacentally or by contact with blood vaginal secretions during delivery After delivery 1 dose of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), followed by the hepatitis B vaccine

HELLP Syndrome

*hemolysis *erythrocytes *elevated liver enzymes *low platelets

Assessment of Fetal Well-Being

*safe birth so that they can develop to their maximum potential *Preconception care* reduces risks prevent or minimize health problems *Prenatal assessments* Indications for testing maternal risk factors Prenatal Diagnostic

Undoing: Defense Mechanism

- Symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable. EX: Joe is nervous about his new job and yells at his wife. On his way home he stops and buys her flowers.

tension building phase

- The abuser has minor episodes of anger and maybe verbally abusive - Responsible for some minor physical violence - Victim is tense during this stage and tends to accept the blame for what is happening.

Characteristics of child victim

-Blames self for family conflict -Low self-esteem -Fear of parent or caretaker -cheating, lying, low achievement in school -Helplessness, signs of depression -One child singled out in family (due to being labeled "difficult", product of unwanted pregnancy, reminds the parent of someone they dislike, maybe even themselves, prematurity- inhibited parent-child bonding) -Chronic illness

General Nursing Interventions for victims of Abuse

-Ensure Safety (survivor will be confused and fearful) -Establish a trusting relationship -Know your own thoughts/feelings on abuse -Remain nonjudgmental/show empathy -Know your agency policies and use your resources -Maintain to the victim, they are blameless -Assist with contacting proper outside agencies

Common warning signs of Domestic/spouse abuse

-Low self-esteem -Blames self -Sense of hopelessness to escape -Isolation from family and friends -Views self as subservient to partner -dependence on abuser

Common warning signs of Elder abuse

-Older than 75 -Mentally or physically impaired -isolated from others -Female

A nurse is caring for a client who is 18 hr postpartum and has a fourth-degree perineal laceration. The client reports a pain rating of 4 on a scale from 0-10. Which of the following should the nurse take? (SATA)

-Promote the use of witch hazel pads -Give the client ice packs -Have the client take a cool water sitz bath -Encourage the client to practice relaxation techniques

A nurse is caring for a client who is 48 hr postpartum following a vaginal delivery. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? (SATA)

-Reddened area on the calf -Dysuria -Cracked nipples

Non Stress Test (NST)

-a test that monitors fetal heart rate. A positive test would be in which the heart rate accelerates by at least 15 beats per minute for at least 15 seconds, with at least two acceleration episodes, in a 20 minute period. For "high risk maternal or fetal factors"

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is trying to become pregnant. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of folate?

1 cup cooked spinach

Anal Stage (Freud)

1-3: Anus focus of pleasure & toilet training most important activity

A nurse is teaching the parent of an infant who has seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You can use petrolatum to help soften and remove patches from your infant's scalp." B. "When patches are present, you should keep your infant away from others." C. "You should avoid washing your infant's hair while patches are present on the scalp." D. "When patches are present, it indicates that your infant has a systemic infection."

A

Homeostasis

A balance

Equilibrium

A balance or state of homeostasis

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

A benign enlargement of the prostate gland that causes difficulty voiding, diminished urine stream, dribbling, and frequency

Acrocyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the newborn's hands and feet as a result of poor peripheral circulation

Mongolian spot

A bluish-black, flat, irregularly pigmented area found in the lumbosacral region in darker pigmented infants

Sexuality

A broad term that includes anatomy, gender roles, relationships, and a person's thought, feelings, and attitudes about sex

Opacity

A clouding of the lens of the eye

Cataracts

A cloudy formation on the lens of the eye

Papanicolaou test

A common screening test used to detect cancer of the cervix

Cholesterol

A component of many foods in our diet; an essential component of cells in the brain, nerves, blood, and hormones

Cephalocaudal

A directional term that refers to growth and development that begins at the head and progresses downward toward the feet

Proximodistal

A directional term that refers to growth and development that progresses from the center of the body toward the extremities

Glaucoma

A disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure

Osteoporosis

A disorder characterized by decreased bone mass resulting from the loss of minerals from the bones

Unable to meet the family's needs

A dysfunctional family is one that is?

Functional family

A family that fosters the growth and development of its members

Dysfunctional family

A family that is unable to offer its members a stable structure

Intimacy

A feeling of warmth, love, and affection

Zygote

A fertilized ovum

Placenta

A flattened circular mass of tissue attached to the inner uterine wall; has several functions (to produce hormones, transport nutrients and wastes, and protect the unborn from harmful substances)

Living will

A form of advance directive that states the wishes of a person for life-sustaining treatment in case of serious illness

Palliative care

A form of helping to relieve the suffering of terminally ill persons

Introspection

A form of self-reflection; may serve as a tool that permits sharing of our innermost thoughts

Empowerment

A form of self-responsibility that demands that people take charge of their own decision making

Protect its members

A function basic to all families is the need to?

Fosters growth and development

A functional family is one that?

Prostate Gland

A gland in males that contributes to the seminal fluid.

Hospice care

A health care organization, under Medicare and Medicaid and other third-party insurers, that provides care to terminally ill persons in the comfort of their homes

Advance directive

A legal document that states the person's wishes for medical treatment in the event that he or she cannot make these decisions

shaken baby syndrome

A life-threatening injury that occurs from being forcefully shaken back and forth ( a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections.)

Normal physiological weight loss

A loss of 5% to 10% of birth weight occurring in the early neonatal period with a regain in approximately 10 days

Malocclusion

A malposition or imperfect contact between the upper and lower teeth

Identification

A mental mechanism in which one takes on the personality traits of another person, usually one held in high esteem

Undoing

A mental mechanism in which the individual acts in a manner that symbolically cancels a previous unacceptable thought or action

Sublimation

A mental mechanism in which the individual channels or redirects unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable outlets

Projection

A mental mechanism referred to as the blaming mechanism; the individual rejects unacceptable thoughts or feelings and attributes them to another person

Conversion

A mental mechanism that converts unconscious feelings and anxiety into physical symptoms that have no underlying organic basis for the complaints

Reaction formation

A mental mechanism that keeps unacceptable feelings or thoughts out of one's awareness and replaces them with opposite feelings or thoughts

Displacement

A mental mechanism that transfers emotions associated with a person or object to another, less threatening person or object

Rationalization

A mental mechanism used to justify or excuse undesirable actions or feelings; a face-saving technique that may or may not deal with the truth

Ego integrity

A period of self-satisfaction that occurs during old age

Conscience

A person's internal system of values, similar to the superego

Lipofuscin

A pigmented metabolic waste product that has been found in greater amounts in various organs of the aged body

Cooperative play

A play style typical of preschool children in which they begin to take turns and share in a cooperative manner

Parallel play

A play style typical of toddlers whereby they play alongside each other but do not really interact or share

Reminiscence

A process of remembering and discussing key life events

Anticipatory grief

A reaction to an expected loss such as in terminal illness

Xerostomia

A reduction in saliva and resultant drying of the mouth

Wellness

A relative state of health

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A response to stress that was described by Hans style

Regression

A return to an earlier stage of development during stressful periods

Scrotum

A sac that holds the testes

Nutrition

A science that studies the body's need for foods, how foods are digested, and how food choices relate to health and disease

Leopold's Maneuvers

A series of four maneuvers designed to provide a systematic approach whereby the examiner may determine fetal presentation and position.

Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Bereavement

A state of having sustained a loss

Clockwork theory

A theory of aging suggesting that connective-tissue cells have an internal clock that determines length of life

Free-radical theory

A theory of aging that states that highly unstable molecules contribute to the aging process

Autoimmune theory

A theory of aging that suggests that aging is related to the body's weakening immune system, which fails to recognize its own tissues and may destroy itself

Immune-system-failure theory

A theory of aging that suggests that it results when the immune system is unable to perform its function

Disengagement theory

A theory of aging that suggests that older persons and society gradually withdraw from one another to assist the transfer of power from the old to the young

Preadolescence

A time of rapid growth ending with reproductive maturation

Vernix caseosa

A white, cheeselike protective covering found on the neonate's skin

Doula

A woman who helps with the birth process.

Physiological jaundice

A yellowish tinge to the skin of the newborn seen in the first 48 to 72 hours after birth

Oedipus complex

A young boy's sexual attraction for his mother and unconscious wish to replace

Electra complex

A young girl's sexual attraction toward her father and unconscious wish to replace her mother

A nurse is planning to administer recommended immunizations to a 4 year old child. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse plan to give? (Select all that apply) A. Inactivated poliovirus (IPV) B. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) C. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) D. Varicella (VAR) E. Hepatitis B (HepB) F. Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP)

A, C, D, F

A nurse is assessing a child who has rhabdomyosarcoma of the upper arm. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A. Pain B. Discoloration of the skin C. Lymph node enlargement D. Easy bruising E. Palpable mass

A, C, E

A nurse is reviewing sick-day management with a parent of a child who has DM1. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Monitor blood glucose levels every 3 hours B. Discontinue taking insulin until feeling better C. Drink 8 oz. of fruit juice every hour D. Test urine for ketones E. Call the provider if blood glucose is greater than 240 mg/dL

A, D, E

A nurse is caring for a child who has contact dermatitis due to poison ivy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Remove the clothing over the rash B. Initiate contact isolation while the rash is present. C. Expose the rash to a heat lamp for 15 min. D. Cleanse the affected skin with hydrogen peroxide solution E. Apply calamine lotion to the skin

A, E

A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Which of the following home care instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Provide extra time for completion of ADLs B. Use cold compresses for joint pain C. Take ibuprofen on an empty stomach D. Remain home during periods of exacerbation E. Perform range-of-motion exercises

A, E

The school nurse is counseling a group of adolescent girls. What does the nurse explain about sperm ejaculated near the cervix? a. They are destroyed by the acidic pH of the vagina. b. They survive up to 5 days and can cause pregnancy. c. They lose their motility in about 12 hours after intercourse. d. They are usually pushed out of the vagina by the muscular action of the vaginal wall.

ANS: B Sperm ejaculated near the cervix can survive up to 5 days and cause pregnancy even before ovulation.

A nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about HIV/AIDS. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You can contract HIV through casual kissing." B. "HIV is transmitted through IV substance use." C. "HIV is now curable if caught in the early stages." D. "Medications inhibit transmission of the HIV virus."

B

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about fractures. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "Children need a longer time to heal from a fracture than an adult." B. "Epiphyseal plate injuries can result in altered bone growth." C. "A greenstick fracture is a complete break in the bone." D. "Bones are unable to bend, so they break."

B

A nurse is teaching a lesson on fetal development to a class of high school students and explains the primary germ layers. What are the germ layers? (Select all that apply.) a. Ectoderm b. Endoderm c. Mesoderm d. Plastoderm e. Blastoderm

ANS: A, B, C The zygote transforms its embryonic disc into three layers: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm

What does the nurse explain can affect the survival of the X- and Y-bearing sperm after intercourse? a. Age b. Estrogen level c. Body temperature d. Level of feminine hygiene

ANS: B Estrogen levels and the pH of the female reproductive tract can affect the survival of the X- and Y-bearing sperm as well as their motility.

What is the most common site for fertilization? a. Lower segment of the uterus b. Outer third of the fallopian tube near the ovary c. Upper portion of the uterus d. Area of the fallopian tube farthest from the ovary

ANS: B Fertilization takes place in the outer third of the fallopian tube, which is closest to the ovary.

When preparing to teach a class about prenatal development, the nurse would include information about folic acid supplementation. What is folic acid known to prevent? a. Congenital heart defects b. Neural tube defects c. Mental retardation d. Premature birth

ANS: B It is now known that folic acid supplements can prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida.

A nurse is assessing an infant. Which of the following findings are clinical manifestations of acute otitis media? (Select all that apply) A. Decreased pain in the supine position B. Rolling head side to side C. Loss of appetite D. Increased sensitivity to sound E. Crying

B, C, E

A nurse is caring for a child who has poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Frothy urine B. Periorbital edema C. Ill appearance D. Decreased creatinine E. Hypertension

B, C, E

A nurse in an outpatient facility is caring for an infant who has manifestations of acute otitis media (AOM). Which of the following factors places the infant at risk for otitis media? (Select all that apply.) A. Breastfeeding without formula supplementation B. Attends day care 4 days/week C. Immunizations are up to date D. History of cleft palate repair E. Parents smoke cigarettes outside

B, D, E

A nurse is assessing a child who has Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Longer affected leg B. Hip stiffness C. Intense pain D. Limited ROM E. Limp with walking

B, D, E

A nurse is assessing an infant who has a suspected urinary tract infection. Which of the following are anticipated findings? (Select all that apply). A. Increase in hunger B. Irritability C. Decrease in urination D. Vomiting E. Fever

B, D, E

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about preventing insect bites. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Wear perfumes when outside B. Avoid areas of tall grass C. Wear bright-colored clothing D. Wear insect repellent E. Check house pets frequently

B, D, E

A nurse is teaching an adolescent who has DM about manifestations of hypoglycemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply) A. Increased urination B. Hunger C. Signs of dehydration D. Irritability E. Sweating and pallor F. Kussmaul respirations

B, D, E

A nurse is caring for an infant who has obstructive uropathy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Decreased urine flow B. Urinary tract infection C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Concentrated urine E. Hydronephrosis

B, E

A nurse is planning care for an infant who has diaper dermatitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.) A. Apply talcum powder with every diaper change B. Allow the buttocks to air dry C. Use commercial baby wipes to cleanse the area D. Use cloth diapers until the rash is gone E. Apply zinc oxide ointment to the affected area

B, E

Mammography

Breast x-ray for diagnostic screening

3 month milestones

Briefly holds head up (milestone)

Transitional newborn stool

Brown to yellowish green, first 2-3 days

A nurse is caring for a 2-year old child who has had three ear infections in the past 5 months. Which of the following long-term complications is the child at risk for developing? A. Balance difficulties B. Prolonged hearing loss C. Speech delays D. Mastoiditis

C

A nurse is caring for a client who has a moderate burn. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Maintain immobilization of the affected area B. Expose affected area to the air C. Initiate a high-protein, high-calorie diet D. Implement contact isolation

C

A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has pediculosis capitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Apply mayonnaise to the affected area at night B. Treat all household pets C. Use an over-the-counter medication containing 1% permethrin D. Discard the child's stuffed animals

C

A parent of a school-age child who has GH deficiency asks the nurse how long the child will need to take injections for growth delay. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "Injections are usually continued until age 10 for girls and age 12 for boys." B. "Injections continue until your child reaches the fifth percentile on the growth chart." C. "Injections should be continued until there is evidence of epiphyseal closure." D. "The injections will need to be administered throughout your child's entire life."

C

erythroblastosis fatalis

caused by Rh-positive father and a Rh-negative mother produce an Rh positive fetus

sublimation (defense mechanism)

channeling threatening devices into acceptable outlets (e.g. working out) sublet-->outlet

First priority upon removal of the infant from the birth canal?

clearing airway mouth first then nostrils followed by drying

extended family

closely related people of several generations

physiological jaundice

condition that does not appear until after 24 hours. caused by hemolysis of extra blood cells that are no longer needed

If woman's heart cannot handle increased workload

congestive failure (CHF) results Fetus suffers from reduced placental blood flow *IF MOTHER HAS DECREASED BLOOD FLOW TO ORGANS FETUS HAS DECREASED BLOOD FLOWW TO ORGANS!!!! RESULTING IN FETAL DISTRESS!!

Supression

conscious forgetting

economic abuse

controlling a person's access to economic resources

hydatidiform mole

cystic mass resembling a cluster of grapes that develops in the place of a normal placenta and fetus shouldn't get pregnant for 1 yr after having one of these

The caloric intake of the school-age child is determined by: a. Heart rate and blood pressure b. Organ maturity and function c. Cognitive ability d. Activity and metabolism

d. Activity and metabolism

Identify which eating habit is common to toddlers: a. Consistency with the same foods b. Food fads and fluctuating appetites c. Dawdling, playing with their food d. All of the above

d. All of the above

In a greenstick fracture, the bone: a. Breaks in two distinct pieces b. Breaks in several small pieces c. Breaks and punctures the skin d. Bends but does not break

d. Bends but does not break

At 2 1/2-years-old, which of the following vital signs would be considered normal? a. Respiratory rate of 40 b. Temperature of 99.4°F c. Heart rate of 110 bpm d. Blood pressure of 110/60

d. Blood pressure of 110/60

An example of play that fosters fine motor development is: a. Push toys b. Riding a bike c. Playing with pots and pans d. Building blocks

d. Building blocks

As 6-year-old Damion enters school, you would expect which of the following accomplishments? a. A period of increased growth b. Relationship with family closer and peers more distant c. A more self-centered person d. Deciduous teeth being replaced by permanent teeth

d. Deciduous teeth being replaced by permanent teeth

When a young child from a troubled family acts as though stress does not exist, he is using which coping skill? a. Repression b. Regression c. Compensation d. Denial

d. Denial

To help increase visual acuity in 2-year-old Charles, you would have his parents: a. Hold large objects at close range b. Place color objects on the wall 19 feet away c. Hold brightly colored paintings at close range d. Hold large objects 6 feet away

d. Hold large objects 6 feet away

When the young girl reached high school, she chose track just like her older sister had done a few years earlier. The young girl is probably using: a. Compensation b. Rationalization c. Reaction formation d. Identification

d. Identification

Two parents are describing the process of maturation of their children. Which statement about maturation is correct? a. Skills are acquired through practice. b. It is the unfolding of moral and intellectual capacity. c. It is the acquisition of knowledge potential. d. It is the unfolding of the child's potential regardless of practice and training.

d. It is the unfolding of the child's potential regardless of practice and training

School plays a vital role in 9-year-old Kevin's life to provide: a. Protection b. Play c. Nurturing d. Learning

d. Learning

The nurse recognizes that according to Freud's theory, the 5-year-old boy who expresses "When I'm bigger I want to marry you, Mommy," is demonstrating: a. Sublimation b. Wishful thinking c. Displacement d. Oedipal complex

d. Oedipal complex

Respiratory infection increases in school-age children because: a. Of an immature immune system b. The trachea is wider and shorter c. Of the alveoli balloon d. Of increased exposure to other children

d. Of increased exposure to other children

Toddlers generally prefer to: a. Play with other children b. Play alone c. Play with grown-ups d. Play alongside other children

d. Play alongside other children

A 4-year-old reacts to the birth of a baby brother by starting to wet his bed at night and sucking his thumb. These coping mechanisms are called: a. Repression b. Suppression c. Denial d. Regression

d. Regression

To reduce temper tantrums, the parent would best be instructed to: a. Restrict the child's movement b. Punish the child c. Allow the child more choices d. Remove the child from the environment

d. Remove the child from the environment

Growth and development in the school-age child can be best described as: a. Rapid and rhythmic b. Slow and irregular c. Rapid and consistent d. Slow and steady

d. Slow and steady

Sheila Torres brings her 18-month-old toddler to the pediatric clinic. Which of the following findings would represent normal growth? a. The child can independently brush her teeth. b. There is complete ossification of all the bones. c. Language development is complete. d. The anterior fontanel is closed.

d. The anterior fontanel is closed

Intense feelings of physical harm experienced by school-age children may be due to: a. Peer influence b. Parental practices c. Self-will d. Violence on television

d. Violence on television

Gestational hypertension (GH)

develops as a complication of pregnancy After 20 weeks (>140/90)

Defense Mechanism: Projection

disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

cerebrovascular disease

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain

Compensation : Defense Mechanism

doing well in one area to make up for doing poorly in another area

EDD

estimated date of delivery

Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S)

evaluate fetal lung maturity

fetal Stress test

evaluates FHR response to mild uterine contractions by using an electronic fetal monitor. contractions are induced by oxytocin

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)

federal law passed that includes minimum standards for nursing assistant training, staffing requirements, resident assessment instructions, and information on rights for residents

positive signs of pregnancy

fetal heart sounds fetal movements palpated by examiner fetal outline by sonography

In true GDM

glucose usually returns to normal by 6 weeks postpartum

hypovolemic shock s/s

hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, pallor, diaphoresis, cool, clammy skin, confusion, or other mental status changes urine output low less than 30 ml/hr thirst

monozygotic twins

identical twins

Alpha fetoprotein testing

identify high levels associated with open defects such as spinal bifida, anencephaly or gastroschisis or hydatidiform mole

Describe abuse

if you say, "stop you're hurting me" and they don't stop, then that is abuse

Preoperational

in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

formal operational stage

in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

defense mechanisms

in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

spinal bifida (neural tube defect)

incomplete closure of the spinal canal through which the spinal cord and meninges may or may not protrude

Stages of a contraction

increment acme decrement

communal family

individuals who share common ownership of property and goods and exchange services without monetary consideration

What are complications of pelvic inflammatory disease?

infertility eptopic pregnancy pelvic abscess adhesions

Name of the opening of cervix into uterus

internal OS

pathological jaundice

jaundice in 1st 24 hours -usually means Rh/ABO incompatibility

developmental milestones

key skills, such as learning to walk, used to check a child's progress against average development

victims of abuse 2 most common traits

low self-esteem (may be easily manipulated to think they deserve the abuse, even making excuses for abuser) Reliance on abuser (people reliant for financial, emotional, or physical support are vulnerable at any age group)

Geriatrics

medical treatment and care of old age

Child bearing stage

new members are added to the family. need to relign responsibilities, finances, and space.

Non-stress test

non-invasive measurement of fetal well being

CHF Treatment

obstetrician and cardiologist limiting physical activity Drug therapy May include beta-adrenergic blockers anticoagulants diuretics Vaginal birth is preferred as it carries less risk for infection or respiratory complications

Elderly

old people

victim

one who is hurt by another

abuser

one who mistreats others

survivor

one who stays alive while others die

Freud's Psychosexual Stages

oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage

usual site of fertilization

outer 1/3 of the fallopian tube

ectopic pregnancy refers to an abnormal implantation of the fertilized ovum where?

outside of the uterine cavity, usually in the fallopian tube

viable fetus

over 28 weeks of gestation capable of surviving outside the womb

Group B Streptococcus (GBS)

perinatal infection with high mortality rate Mother has GBS swab of vaginal/rectal done at around 35-37 weeks (If positive does not affect mother at all ONLY NEWBORN) Antibiotics given in labor

acute battering

physical abuse occurs (victim senses it is coming and may even provoke to get it over with)

lochia serosa

pink brownish watery odorless discharge 4-10 days post delivery

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

preconventional, conventional, postconventional

the purpose of the foramen ovule is to

reduce blood flow to the lungs

whartons jelly

reduces compression and torsion of the umbilical vessels

oligohydraminios

refers to a decreased amount of the fluid (<300mL)

reflexes of neonate

rooting reflex, sucking, moro, tonic neck, babinski, palmar grasp

Fundus

rounded upper portion of the uterus

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

breast fed stool

several small light yellow stools, very little or no odor, milk goes in and out so easily because its so easily digested. Bowels settle into normal pattern after a few weeks, remains loose cuz there's very little undigested

date rape

sexual intercourse that is forced on a victim by someone the victim knows

incest

sexual relations with a close relative

Montgomery's glands

small glands in the areola that secrete a substance that lubricates and protects the breasts during lactation

safe house

specified "Secret" for people who are being abused to go for shelter

prolactin

stimulates milk production

oxytocin

stimulates uterine contractions and milk delivery

Vaginal Rugae

stretches during birthing process

neglect

the failure to provide for a persons basic needs

testosterone

the most important of the male sex hormones

Elder Abuse

the physical or psychological mistreatment or neglect of elderly individuals

child abuse

the physical, emotional, or sexual mistreatment of a child

a woman who wants to become pregnant should avoid all medications unless they are prescribed by a physician who knows she is pregnant, because

the placenta allows most medications to cross into the fetus

Restorative nursing

the process by which a disabled or ill person is helped to reach the highest possible level of wellness, considering his/her limitations. (Baseline)

domestic violence

the use of force to control and maintain power over a spouse in the home

verbal abuse

the use of words to mistreat or injure another person

meconium

thick green black tarry oderless that collects in the intestine of a fetus and forms the first stools of a newborn

Eclampsia

true toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, severe headaches, dizziness, convulsions, and coma

sexual abuse

unwanted sexual contact of any kind

EFM

used to record fetal movement and fetal heart rate accelerations.

when a couple has unprotected sex 4 days before the woman ovulates, the risk of the woman becoming pregnant is

very low because that is not the womans fertile period

Characteristics of an abuser

victims inconsistent explanation of injuries failure to show empathy for the victim demand to take victim home (refusal of hospitalization for injured victim) speaks for victim criticizes victim abuses family pet

emotional abuse

willful use of words or actions that undermine another person's self-esteem

A nurse is caring for a child who has muscular dystrophy. For which of the following findings should the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.) A. Purposeless, involuntary, abnormal movements B. Spinal defect and saclike protrusion C. Muscular weakness in lower extremities D. Unsteady, wide-based or waddling gait E. Upward slant to the eyes

C, D

A nurse is admitting a child who has HIV. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication that the child is in the mildly symptomatic category of HIV? (Select all that apply) A. Herpes zoster B. Anemia C. Dermatitis D. Hepatomegaly E. Lymphadenopathy

C, D, E

A nurse is caring for a child who has DM1. Which of the following are manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis? (Select all that apply) A. Blood glucose 58 mg/dL B. Weight gain C. Dehydration D. Mental confusion E. Fruity breath

C, D, E

Types of play: Sedentary

Collecting cards, items, doing crafts

Senile lentigo

Common, flat, discolored "age spots" found on the skin

Fontanels

Commonly called soft spots; spaces found between the infant's cranial bones where the sutures cross

Substance abuse

Commonly refers to the abuse of drugs such as alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine

Therapeutic communication

Communication that is purposeful and goal directed

Social communication

Communication that is used every day and is light and superficial

Nonverbal communication

Communication using body language

Spirituality

Concerned with how each individual finds a purpose and meaning to his or her life

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is in her third trimester of pregnancy. When monitoring for indications of preeclampsia, the nurse should ask the client if she has which of the following manifestations?

Continuous headache

Prevent falls children

Continuous supervision unless In crib with all side rails up

A nurse is teaching a school-age child who has diabetes mellitus about insulin administration. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You should inject the needle at a 30-degree angle." B. "You should combine your glargine and regular insulin in the same syringe." C. "You should aspirate for blood before injecting the insulin." D. "You should give four or five injections in one area before switching sites."

D

Abruptio placentae

Dark-red bleeding with pain, enlarging uterus suggest blood is accumulating within the cavity

Term for uterine lining during pregnancy?

Decidua

What color does nitrazine paper turn if the result is positive for amniotic fluid?

Deep blue/purple

Values

Deeply embedded feelings that determine what is considered good or bad, right or wrong

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is primigravida and has hyperthyroidism. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Diaphoresis

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing

Ageism

Discrimination based on age

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse

formula fed stool

Drier and more formed that breastfed stools. It is a paler yellow or brownish yellow and has an unpleasant odor.

Health care proxy

Durable power of attorney; designates someone to make decisions in the event that the person is unable to do so

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Erikson's second stage in which a toddler (18 mo-3 yr) learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt

Industry vs. Inferiority

Erikson's stage between 5 and 13 years, when the child learns to be productive develop self-confidence.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young adults (13-21yr) search for and become their true selves

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Erikson's stage in which individuals (21-39 yr) form deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families

Generativity

Erikson's task for middle-aged adults; involves individual's desires to serve the larger community and have positive influences on their children

Initiative

Erikson's task for the preschool child demonstrated by pretend, exploration, and trying on of new roles

Industry

Erikson's task for the school-age child; children are productive and focus on the real world and their roles in it

Initiative vs. Guilt

Erikson's third stage in which the child (3-5 yr) finds independence in planning, learn new concepts playing and other activities. May feel guilt if child cannot make decisions

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Fourth Need

Esteem- self esteem, confidence, respect of others

What are the 2 primary hormones secreted by the ovary?

Estrogen progesterone

Biophysical Profile (BPP)

Evaluation of fetus with a non-reactive NST Ultrasound Looks at 5 variables *Amniotic fluid volume *Breathing *movement Flexion (fine motor) *Gross movement (motor) NST Score 0-2 points for each parameter

Hyperemesis Gravidarum Signs and Symptoms

Excessive N/V Dehydration Reduced delivery of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the fetus

Aerobic exercise

Exercise that works the large body muscles and elevates the cardiac output and metabolic rate

Symbols

Expressed as language, gestures, or objects

Emotions

Expressed feeling tones that influence a person's behavior

What carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus?

Fallopian tubes moved through the tube by cilia that lines the tubes

Older family stage

Family consisting of adults enjoying their retirement and recreation along with their new roles in their family

Unsaturated fats

Fats that are usually liquid at room temperature and are derived from plant sources

Saturated fats

Fats that come from animals; found in meats and dairy products

Primary cause of early deceleration of FHR

Fetal head compression resulting from uterine contraction vaginal exam fundal pressure

Prevent suffocation in children

Firm mattress, without plastic cover, infant on back, no pillows

Platypelloid

Flat pelvis not favorable for delivery of a fetus

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who is postpartum and follows kosher dietary laws. Which of the following indicates a meal the nurse should offer this client?

Foods that avoid eating meat and dairy products together.

Genes

Found on strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) within the cell nucleus

Sam will feel a need to compete with his other siblings

Four year old Sam is the second child of Jim and Pat gates. How may SAMs birth order affect his development?

A nurse is collecting data from a 28-year-old client who is requesting a prescription for an oral contraceptive. Which of the following information in the client's history should the nurse identify as a contraindication for the use of oral contraceptives?

Frequent headaches with visual changes.

gestation

Fundal height = weeks of gestation

A nurse is collecting data from a client who gave birth 18 hr ago. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of a postpartum complication?

Fundus is palpable at 2cm above the umbillicus.

Recessive genes

Genes for inherited traits that can only be transmitted if they exist in pairs

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Giving estrogen during menopause to treat symptoms

(GDM)

Glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy BECAUSE PREGNANCY AFFECTS WOMAN'S METABOLISM DUE TO BODY NEEDING TO MAKE ENOUGH GLUCOSE AVAILABLE TO FETUS

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is at 38 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provide?

Glycosuria

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is in her second trimester of pregnancy during a routine prenatal visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a potential danger sign of pregnancy?

Glycosuria

probable signs of pregnancy

Goodell's sign softening of cervix Hegar's sign softening of lower uterus painless ,irregular contractions Braxton- Hicks

DM BLOOD GLUCOSE

HYPOGLYCEMIA=BG under 60 DIABETES CRITERIA: 1. 8 Hr fasting BG 126 + 2. Random BG 200+ w/ classic s/s of diabetes 3. Oral glucose tol test of 200+ or more in 2 hr sample NORMAL Ha1C=4%-6% ACCEPTABLE TARGET FOR DIABETIC CHILD=6.5-8%, with TARGET GOAL less than 7%

A nurse is caring for a client following a cesarean birth. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to decrease the client's risk of developing thrombophlebitis?

Have the client ambulate several times each day.

Health promotion

Health care directed toward increasing one's optimum level of wellness

A nurse in a postpartum unit is caring for a client who has endometritis and is 48 hr postpartum following a cesarean birth. Which of the following findings should the nurse anticipate?

Heart rate 110/min

A nurse in an antepartum clinic is reviewing laboratory test results for multiple clients. The nurse should notify the provider of which of the following results?

Hematocrit 31%

Iron-Deficiency Anemia Prevention

Iron supplements Vitamin C may enhance absorption Do not take iron with milk antacids Calcium impairs absorption

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Irregular respiratory rates with periods of apnea

Landmarks used to determine how far the fetal head has descended into the birth canal?

Ischial Spine

Sibling rivalry

Jealously of siblings that causes feelings or insecurity

Amblyopia

Known as "lazy eye," a condition seen in early childhood caused by weaker muscles in one eye that, if not corrected may lead to blindness

Euthanasia

Known as mercy killing in the past, now refers to the deliberate ending of one's life as well as the withholding of treatment

Preconventional

Kohlberg's stage of moral development in which rewards and punishments dominate moral thinking

URINE OUTPUT

LESS THAN 30 KG (66 LB)=1-2 mL/kg/hr OVER 30 KG=30 mL/hr

Enculturation

Learning the culture through observation and instruction, thereby integrating oneself into the cultural group

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Third Need

Love/Belonging- friendship, family, sexual intimacy

management of preeclampsia

MAGNESIUM SULFATE TO PREVENT CONVULSIONS Maintaining blood flow to the woman's vital organs and to the placenta Preventing convulsions and FETAL HYPOXIA

Risks of HRT

MI, CVA,Thromophlebitis breast cancer

If a mother has a blood type that is negative and baby is born with positive blood type

MOTHER RECEIVES RHOGAM WITHIN 72 HOURS AFTER DELIVERY (THIS IS TO PROTECT BABY IN NEXT PREGNANCY)

IF MOTHER'S blood type is NEGATIVE and the FETUS has a POSITIVE blood type;

MOTHERS body will create ANTIBODIES which will destroy the positive erythrocytes

Trans fat

Made by adding hydrogen to vegetable oil, which helps retard food spoilage while enhancing its taste

preexisting DM maternal effects

Major risk for congenital anomalies to occur from maternal hyperglycemia during the embryonic period of development

7 month milestones

Makes progress with self feeding (milestone)

Have periodic health screenings

Margaret G, senior member of her family, wants to know what can best protect her family from illness. The nurse could instruct her to?

Shock

Mary age 30 just experienced the untimely death of her father. You might expect her to immediately exhibit feelings of?

She says little but stays with the patient

Middle aged couple was admitted to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident. Two days later the husband expired. While observing a staff member offering grief support, which action is correct?

Cohesiveness

Milicent age 30 is being discharged from the hospital after being treated for depression. The nurse should encourage the family to spend time together, because this will lead to?

Fetal Kick Counts

Moms way of evaluating fetal well-being once or twice a day number of movements Recommend eating prior but no caffeine tobacco other stimulants Done after 28 wks gestation

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has hyperemesis gravidarum. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?

Monitor intake and output

Mores

Moral issues that are strongly believed

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxytocin. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse report to the provider?

More than 5 contractions in 10 min.

Within 3 days , cell division changes a zygote into a solid mass of 16 cells called a ?

MorullaDecidua

nuclear family

Mother, father and children living as a unit

Gross motor skills

Movements of the large muscles of the arms and legs

RESPIRATIONS

NB-1 YR=30-35/min 1-2 YR=25-30/min 2-6 YR=21-25/min 6-12 YR=19-21/min 12 YR +=16-19/min

PULSE

NB=80-180 1 WK-3 MO=80-220 3 MO-2 YR=70-150 2-10 YR=60-110 10+=50-90

Placenta previa

NO PAIN Abnormal implantation placenta Bright-red bleeding occurs when cervix dilates, resulting in painless bleeding *Three degrees Marginal Placenta reaches within 2 to 3 cm of the cervical opening *Partial placenta covers part of the cervix *Total placenta completely covers the cervical opening

If a mother negative blood type and baby is born with negative blood type

NO Rhogam given after delivery

Proximity

Nearness in location

Negativistic behavior

Negative, rebellious behavior exhibited by toddlers that is caused by frustration or a conflict of wills

sucking (newborn reflex)

Newborn makes sucking movements when anything touches lips or tongue

Aging

Normal, inevitable, progressive process that produces irreversible changes over an extended period

To prevent choking, infants and children should not be given _____.

Nuts, hard candy, seeds

Important approach in managing adverse food reactions

One food at a time for a few days at a time to check for adverse reactions

Roles and resources are shared

One of the major advantages of the extended family is?

Quad test- Screening for identification of a risk

Optional test done between weeks 16 - 18 Neural tube defects Downs syndrome trisomy 18 Offer amniocentesis Genetic counseling w/Abnormal quad with normal f/u: watch for perinatal problems

Iron-Deficiency Anemia Treatment

Oral doses of elemental iron Continue therapy for about 3 months after anemia has been corrected

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about formula preparation with the mother of a newborn. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Overdiluted formula can result in inadequate growth.

Dyspareunia

Pain or discomfort during intercourse

Leopold's maneuvers

Palpation of the abdomen to identify the position of the fetus in utero

Signs of CHF During Pregnancy

Persistent cough Crackles Fatigue or fainting on exertion Difficulty breathing on exertion Severe pitting edema of the lower extremities or generalized edema Palpitations

Somatic

Pertaining to the body

Maslowe's Hierarchy of Needs: First Need

Physiological- breathing, good, sex, water, sleep

Assimilation

Piaget's second concept, which can be described as the ability to absorb new information into the existing schemas

Abruptio placenta

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall painful, usually traumatic dark red blood

Depression

Prolonged feelings of profound sadness and unworthiness

A nurse is planning to reinforce discharge teaching about formula feeding with the guardian of a newborn. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include?

Provide the newborn with six to eight feedings during a 24-hr period.

A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has mastitis of the left breast. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Pump the affected breast frequently

Norms

Socially accepted rules and behavior within a culture

Lanugo

Soft, fine, downy hair covering newborns

Bleeding Disorders of Early Pregnancy Types of Abortions

Spontaneous (non-intentional) Threatened-vaginal bleeding occurs Inevitable-membranes rupture and cervix dialates Incomplete-some products not expelled Complete-all products expelled Missed-nothing expelled, must be medically expelled Recurrent two or more spontaneous abortions Induced Therapeutic -intentional termination due to health of mother Elective intentional termination for reasons other than

Subconscious

Stores memories, thoughts, and feelings

Schedule of food (7-8mo)

Strained fruits/vegetables, yogurt, strained meats

Danger Signs in Pregnancy

Sudden gush of fluid from the vagina Vaginal bleeding Abdominal pain Persistent vomiting Epigastric pain Edema of face and hands Severe, persistent headache Blurred vision or dizziness Chills with fever over 38.0° C (100.4° F) Painful urination or reduced urine output

moro (newborn reflex)

Sudden movement/jarring of position causes extension and addiction of extremity

Nursing Tip for grieving process

Supporting and encouraging the grieving process in families who suffer a pregnancy loss, such as a spontaneous abortion or ectopic pregnancy allows them to resolve their grief

Circumcision

Surgical removal of the foreskin performed for hygienic or religious reasons

Centration

The child focuses or centers attention on only one cue

Dominant genes

Those genes that are more capable of expressing their traits than are other genes

Childbearing stage

Two adults bringing home their newborn infant son

Cultural awareness

Understanding of culture, race and ethnicity of diverse minority groups

Nystagmus

Unequal eye movements (crossing) owing to immature ciliary muscles

Conception

Union of the female ovum and the male sperm cell; also called fertilization

A nurse on a postpartum unit is contributing to the discharge teaching plan for a client. Which of the following instructions should the nurse suggest for the plan?

Use a firm mattress in the newborn's crib.

A nurse in a clinic is collecting data from a client who is at 12 weeks of gestation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Use an ultrasound stethoscope to listen to fetal heart tones.

Children in car accidents

Use car restraints

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is 1 day postpartum. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of infection?

WBC 35,000 /mm3

A nurse is performing a blood collection via heel stick on a newborn for blood glucose monitoring. After washing her hands and donning gloves, which of the following actions should the nurse take next?

Warm the newborn's heel.

Atrophy

Wasting away

Peristalsis

Wavelike muscular movement in the gastrointestinal tract

Cerumen

Wax buildup found in the ear

Acculturation

When values and beliefs are exchanged as a result of continuous direct interactions between cultures

lochia alba

Whitish/yellowish discharge - lasts 10-14 days, may last 3-6 weeks and remain normal.

single-parent family

a family in which only one parent is present to care for the children

blended family

a family whose members were once part of other families

eclampsia

a more serious form of preeclampsia, characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma

Sue Ellen Chambers asks the nurse how to manage 10-year-old Keisha's daily food intake. She can be told that breakfast should represent at least: a. 1/3 of the total daily intake b. 3/4 of the total daily intake c. 1/8 of the total daily intake d. 1/6 of the total daily intake

a. 1/3 of the total daily intake

Bladder training can usually be accomplished by age: a. 3 1/2 years b. 18 months c. 12 months d. 2 years

a. 3 1/2 years

Fine motor development during school age is more focused on: a. Accuracy and smoothness b. Control and balance c. Gain and losses d. Force and balance

a. Accuracy and smoothness

According to Freud, experiences that are reality based and logical and in one's immediate awareness are in the: a. Conscious b. Unconscious c. Subconscious d. Preconscious

a. Conscious

Play that is symbolic means the child: a. Engages in pretend play b. Likes to squeeze soft toys c. Must be placed in real play situations d. Plays in isolation

a. Engages in pretend play

Two major influences on one's growth and development patterns are: a. Heredity and environment b. Age and religion c. Race and ethnicity d. Mental and intellectual skills

a. Heredity and environment

According to Freud, the driving force behind all human behavior is the: a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Preconscious mind

a. Id

The egocentric child: a. Is focused on himself or herself b. Feels separate and alone c. Has a need to be loved by others d. Is threatened by others

a. Is focused on himself or herself

May is worried that 21/2-year-old Tracy has not grown in the past few months. You would tell her: a. It is normal for growth to be slowed at this time. b. This could be a sign of bone disease. c. This results from a poor state of nutrition. d. She is expected to grow 4 to 5 inches during this period.

a. It is normal for growth to be slowed at this time.

In object permanence, the toddler: a. No longer believes objects will disappear b. Is afraid that mother will abandon him or her c. Believes objects change and disappear d. Has paranoid tendencies

a. No longer believes objects will disappear

Play of the school-age child typically involves: a. Same sex b. Mixed sex c. Noncompetitive acts d. Repetitive acts

a. Same sex

Bedtime rituals provide the child with a: a. Sense of security b. Sense of vulnerability c. Feeling of panic d. Sleepless night

a. Sense of security

The toddler's eating habits are often influenced by: a. Siblings b. Reward c. Instinct d. Play

a. Siblings

Which of the following is not an accomplishment of children ages 4 to 6? a. They begin to grow their deciduous teeth. b. They move away from family toward peers. c. They become less self-centered and more goal oriented. d. Their sexual energies are dormant.

a. They begin to grow their deciduous teeth

According to Erikson, the foundation for a healthy personality is: a. Trust b. Autonomy c. Intimacy d. Ego integrity

a. Trust

Given paper and pencil, a 3-year-old can draw: a. Vertical strokes b. A detailed face and body c. A hand d. A triangle

a. Vertical strokes

Maturation occurs: a. Without training b. With practice c. Quickly d. With experience

a. Without training

The parent of 3-year-old Camille complains that she has eaten only a small amount of food over the past week. She does not appear to be ill, and her mother would like to know how to resolve the problem. You would advise her that: a. In order to maintain her nutritional state, she must be force fed. b. This is not an unusual pattern and will disappear without any intervention. c. Allowing play at and close to mealtimes can stimulate the appetite. d. Use of a stool softener or laxative at night can stimulate the appetite.

b. This is not an unusual pattern and will disappear without any intervention

What does an elevation in AFP ( alpha-fetoprotein) indicte?

birth defects

Cephalohematoma

blood that does not cross the suture line on the baby's scalp

Anencephaly (neural tube defect)

born without cerebral hemispheres

Lochia Rubra

bright red- lasts about 3 days after birth

Excessive discipline in school-age children can lead to: a. Insecurity b. Doubt c. Acting-out behavior d. Overimpulsiveness

c. Acting-out behavior

The characteristic thinking pattern of a 10-year-old is: a. Unorganized b. An inability to understand rules c. An ability to follow rules d. Unfocused

c. An ability to follow rules

The parents of a 3-year-old and 5-month-old are concerned that their toddler is very jealous when they are caring for the infant. The toddler becomes demanding and unreasonable. The nurse is correct when she advises the parents that this is a. A sign of delayed development b. A sign of emotional instability c. An expected outcome d. A delayed reaction to the birth

c. An expected outcome

Caregivers should understand that it is best to prepare children for sex education: a. Before they ask questions b. In schools and churches c. At each child's level of understanding d. Using street terms that they understand

c. At each child's level of understanding

The characteristic pattern of growth and development is that growth and development: a. Progress from complex to simple b. Occur at the same rate for each person c. Can be slow and steady with rapid periods d. Only affect physical changes

c. Can be slow and steady with rapid periods

Carol Wright is instructed at the health clinic to limit the intake of saturated fats for her 9- year-old. She understands the instructions if she tells you she will avoid giving him: a. Vegetable oils b. Nut oils c. Dairy products d. Oils from sunflower

c. Dairy products

The nurse recognizes that one of these behaviors is typical of 9-year-old boys: a. Starts but rarely finishes anything b. Likes to pretend at play c. Enjoys secret codes with friends d. Plays best alongside of friends

c. Enjoys secret codes with friends

The landmark of the school-age period is the: a. Onset of moral reasoning b. Maturing of ethical decision making c. Entrance into formal school and onset of puberty d. Beginning of aging and reproductive processes

c. Entrance into formal school and onset of puberty

An 84-year-old woman has just moved to an assisted living apartment. She is anxious about leaving her home and friends and meeting people. What level of Maslow's hierarchy is she struggling with? a. Physiological b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self-actualization

c. Love and belonging

In Piaget's concept of seriation, the child is able to: a. Understand the relationship between the part and the whole b. Understand the cause and effect relationship c. Order objects according to size d. Outline a plan of behavior for his or her lifetime

c. Order objects according to size

Mrs. King is concerned about what can be done to correct her toddler's lazy eye. Which of the following responses by the nurse practitioner would be correct? a. Correction is spontaneous. b. Patching the weaker eye will restore strength. c. Patching the stronger eye forces use of the weaker eye. d. Surgical correction will be necessary.

c. Patching the stronger eye forces use of the weaker eye

What strategies can a parent use to encourage the school-age child to complete his or her homework assignments? a. Make homework the last project each evening before bedtime. b. Leave the child alone until the homework is completed. c. Provide attention and contact with the child during homework sessions. d. Allow the child to decide the time and duration of homework sessions

c. Provide attention and contact with the child during homework sessions

A young couple brought their 6-year-old son to the doctor's office concerned that he frequently awakens in the night frightened by nightmares. What would be good advice for these parents? a. Give the child a glass of warm milk. b. Read the child another bedtime story. c. Reassure the child he is safe and not alone. d. Bring the child to your bed until he falls asleep

c. Reassure the child he is safe and not alone

The goal of school age is to provide: a. Moral development b. Discipline c. Self-satisfaction d. Sex role identity

c. Self-satisfaction

Ten-year-old Simon's mother tells you that Simon is unable to sleep at nights. You will know that sleep deprivation can affect Simon's: a. Mental development b. Muscle function c. Social relationships d. Aging process

c. Social relationships

Your neighbor is discussing a problem her 7-year-old son is having in school. She has just discovered he is being bullied. She is handling the problem correctly if she tells you she plans to: a. Go to the school and confront the bully herself b. Send the older child with him, and they both can handle the situation c. Support and encourage him to talk each day so he can cope d. Call the police before her son is harmed

c. Support and encourage him to talk each day so he can cope

The nurse instructs the parents of a 2 1/2-year-old boy on dental health. The nurse is correct to advise the parents to: a. Offer carbohydrate snacks b. Brush teeth once a day c. Visit the dentist yearly d. Use milk in the night bottle

c. Visit the dentist yearly

The typical potbellied appearance of the toddler is due to: a. Rapid growth in the limbs b. Separation of the vertebrae c. Weak abdominal muscles d. A rounded chest wall

c. Weak abdominal muscles

Nancy, age 3, is being seen in the managed care clinic. As part of the yearly health screen, the nurse assesses her patterns of growth and development. Development is assessed based on: a. How many inches she has grown b. How much she weighs c. What skills she has acquired d. Her head circumference

c. What skills she has acquired

10 month milestones

Change position from prone to sitting (milestone)

Method

The way a message is conveyed

A nurse is preparing to administer phytonadione to a newborn. The nurse should plan to administer this medication by which of the following routes?

Intramuscular

Demographics

The study of a group of people including the size of the group. changes within the group, and information about where the group lives

Gerontology

The study of the normal aging process

Senescence

The symptoms or changes associated with normal aging

Reversibility

The understanding of how two actions may be related to each other

Maturation

The unfolding of skills or potential regardless of practice or training

Fertilization

The union of the female ovum and male sperm cell; also called conception

Personality

The unique behavior patterns that distinguish one person from another

Cyberbullying

The use of the Internet, phone, or other technology to repeatedly harass or taunt persons

Larynx

The voice box that houses the vocal cords

Wear-and-tear theory

Theory suggesting that after repeated injury, cells wear out and cease to function, hastening, the aging process

Couple stage

These adults have chosen to start out on their own and focus on developing their careers.

Sutures

Thick bands of cartilage that separate the infant's skull bones

posterior fontanel

This (fontanel) is smaller, Triangular shaped, closes in 2-3 months. located at the back of head

Care During Labor of the Woman with GDM

Intravenous infusion of dextrose may be needed Regular insulin Assess blood glucose levels hourly and adjust insulin administration accordingly

A nurse in a providers office is collecting data from a client who is at 35 weeks of gestation. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as the priority to report to the provider?

Intense and regular uterine contractions

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about car seat safety with the guardian of a newborn. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I will position the retainer clip at the level of the baby's armpits."

Defense mechanisms serve the following purpose: a. They are reflex mechanisms. b. They help cope with anxiety. c. They are a cause and effect response. d. They are manipulative responses

b. They help cope with anxiety

A nurse is caring for a child who has cellulitis on the hand. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Administer oral antibiotics B. Cleanse area using Burrow solution C. Prepare for cryotherapy D. Apply a topical antifungal medication

A

TEMPERATURE

3 MO-1 YR=99.5-99.9 (37.5-37.7) 3-5 YR=98.6-99.0 (37.0-37.2) 7-13 YR=97.9-98.6 (36.6-36.8)

Offer several choices

Angie has a 2 year old and asks how she can instill good discipline. Your response?

Scoliosis

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

A nurse is caring for a child who is suspected to have Enterobius vermicularis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Perform a tape test B. Collect stool specimen for culture C. Test the stool for occult blood D. Initiate IV fluids

A

Interventions of late deceleration of FHR

Change to left side-lying position 8-10 L if O2 Monitor BP Correct hypertension decrease rate of maintenance infusion D/C oxytocin infusion prepare tocolytic rx administration assist with fetal blood sampling notify PCP

Separation anxiety

Anxiety brought on by stress when the young child is separated from family by school, hospitalization, or family death

Cleft palate

Incomplete congenital formation and nonunion of the hard palate

Occult blood

Hidden or invisible blood

Survival

Reproduction provides the family with a means of?

Ovaries

The female sex glands or gonads

Ductus Venous

allows fetal blood to bypass the liver

A nurse is reinforcing education about the prevention of newborn abduction with a client who recently delivered. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions?

"An alarm will sound if someone removes my baby's safety device."

Deciduous teeth

"Baby" or primary teeth, which usually appear at about 6 to 7 months of age

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about newborn home safety precautions with a group of new mothers. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

"Crib slats should be no more than 2.25 inches apart."

A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about home care with the parent of a newborn. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

"Ensure the water temperature during your newborn's bath is maintained at 100 F."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription of medroxyprogesterone acetate injection for contraception. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?

"I am likely to gain weight while taking this medication."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is at 8 weeks of gestation. Which of the following responses by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I should expect to have a white vaginal discharge during pregnancy."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about brestfeeding with a client who has a 12-hr-old newborn. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions?

"I should wake up my baby to feed during the night."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about newborn umbilical cord care with a client who is postpartum. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions?

"I will report any drainage from my baby's umbilical cord."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has an intrauterine device (IUD). Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"If I have pain during intercourse, I will notify my doctor."

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is at 16 weeks of gestation, has diabetes mellitus, and has a BMI of 31. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the teaching?

"My intake should be 25 calories per kilogram of my body weight or less per day."

During a normal pregnancy

Increased HR Cardiac output increases 45% Blood volume increase Manifestations of Pregnancy occur by Increasing levels of clotting factors Increasing risk of thrombosis

Autonomy

Independence and a sense of self

A nurse is caring for a client who is in preterm labor and is receiving betamethasone. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Inject the medication into the client's vastus lateralis muscles.

Normal FHR

110-160 bpm

Genital Stage (Freud)

13-20 hormones rewaken sexual instincts; love object is now nonfamilial

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is postpartum and is receiving lactated Ringer's 1,500 mL IV to infuse over 10 hr. The nurse should verify that the IV pump's settings will deliver how many mL/hr?

150 mL/hr

PLATELETS

150,000-400,000

PAIN SCALES

2 MO-7 YR=FLACC 3 YR AND OLDER=FACES 3-13 YR=OUCHER OVER 5=NUMERIC SCALE 3-18 YEARS=NON-COMMUNICATING CHILD PAIN CHECKLIST

HCT

2 MO=28-42% 6-12 YR=35-45% 12-18 YR=37-49% M, 36-46% F

HBG

2 MO=9-14 6-12 YR=11.5-15.5 12-18 YR=13-16 M, 12-16 F

normal contraction frequency

2-5 min

Phallic Stage (Freud)

3 - 6 years receives pleasure from self-stimulation of genitals, identifies parent of same sex

Normal weight gain during pregnancy

25-35 lbs

RhoGAM administration IM

28 weeks gestation with in 72 hours of delivery

A nurse is caring for a client who has a major burn and is experiencing severe pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement to manage this client's pain? A. Administer morphine sulfate IV via continuous infusion B. Administer meperidine IM as needed C. Administer acetaminophen PO every 4 hours D. Administer hydrocodone PO every 6 hours

A

A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has acne and a prescription for isotretinoin from the dermatologist. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse plan to monitor? A. Cholesterol and triglycerides B. BUN and creatinine C. Serum potassium D. Serum sodium

A

A nurse is assessing a child who has short stature. Which of the following findings would indicate a growth hormone deficiency? A. Proportional height to weight B. Heigh proportionally greater than weight C. Weight proportionally greater than height D. BMI greater than heigh/weight ratio

A

A nurse is caring for a 10-year old child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Serum protein 5.0 g/dL B. Hgb 14.5 g/dL C. Hct 40% D. Platelet 200,000 mm3

A

How long can spermatozoa remain viable in the female reproductive tract?

5 days

WBC

5,000-10,000

Latency Stage (Freud)

5- puberty age. No further psychosexual development takes place during this stage (latent means hidden). The libido is dormant. Freud thought that most sexual impulses are repressed during the latent stage and sexual energy can be sublimated (re: defense mechanisms) towards school work, hobbies and friendships. Much of the child's energy is channeled into developing new skills and acquiring new knowledge and play becomes largely confined to other children of the same gender.

Concrete (Piaget)

6-12 logical thinking and socializing

normal contraction duration

60 seconds

When is fetal HR detectable on sonography?

8 weeks

BG

80-120

Ectopic Pregnancy

95% occur in fallopian tube Scarring or tubal deformity may result from Hormonal abnormalities Inflammation

SAO2

95-100 Acceptable -Under 91 require intervention -Under 86 is 911

A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has HIV. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply) A. Obtain yearly influenza vaccination B. Monitor a fever for 24hr before seeking medical care C. Avoid individuals who have colds D. Provide nutritional supplements E. Administer aspirin for pain

A, C, D

A nurse is planning care for a child who has tinea capitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (select all that apply.) A. Treat infected house pets B. Use selenium sulfide shampoo C. Cleanse area with Burrow solution D. Administer antiviral medication E. Use moist, warm compresses

A, B

A nurse is assessing a client who has pertussis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Runny nose B. Mild fever C. Cough with whooping sound D. Swollen salivary glands E. Red rash

A, B, C

A nurse is providing home care instructions to a parent of a child who is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply) A. Manifestations of infection B. Bleeding precautions C. Hand hygiene D. Homeschooling E. Airborne precautions

A, B, C

A nurse is caring for a child who has short stature. Which of the following diagnostic tests should be completed to confirm growth hormone (GH) deficiency? (Select all that apply) A. CT scan of the head B. Bone age scan C. GH stimulation test D. Serum IGF-1 E. DNA testing

A, B, C, D

A nurse is planning to administer recommended immunizations to a 2-month old infant. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse plan to give? (Select all that apply.) A. Rotavirus (RV) B. Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) C. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) D. Hepatitis A (HepA) E. Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) F. Inactivated poliovirus (IPV)

A, B, C, E, F

A nurse is assessing a child who has rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasopharynx. Which of the following are manifestations of rhabdomyosarcoma? (Select all that apply) A. Enlarged neck lymph nodes B. Pain C. Vomiting D. Epistaxis E. Diplopia

A, B, D

A nurse is assessing an infant who has eczema. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Generalized distribution of lesions B. Papules C. Ecchymosis in flexural areas D. Crusting lesions E. Keratosis pilaris

A, B, D

A nurse is assessing an infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A. Projectile vomiting B. Dry mucus membranes C. Currant jelly stools D. Sausage-shaped abdominal mass E. Constant hunger

A, B, E

A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a child who has a neuroblastoma. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. "Half of the children who have neuroblastoma have metastatic disease." B. "Your child will need a bone marrow biopsy." C. "Your child will be paralyzed because of this tumor." D. "Most children are diagnosed around age 12." E. "Your child will need surgery for resection of the tumor."

A, B, E

A nurse is caring for a child who has Meckel's diverticulum. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A. Abdominal pain B. Fever C. Mucus, bloody stools D. Vomiting E. Rapid, shallow breathing

A, C

A nurse is admitting a child who has severely symptomatic HIV. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A. Kaposi's sarcoma B. Hepatitis C. Wasting syndrome D. Pulmonary candidiasis E. Cardiomyopathy

A, C, D

A nurse is caring for a child who is experiencing neuropathy due to chemotherapy. Which of the following are manifestations of neuropathy? (Select all that apply) A. Constipation B. Skin breakdown C. Foot drop D. Jaw pain E. Hemorrhage cystitis

A, C, D

A nurse is caring for a male infant who has an epispadias. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A. Bladder exstrophy B. Inability to retract foreskin C. Widened pubic symphysis D. Broad, spade-like penis E. Pain

A, C, D

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about E. Coli. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Severe abdominal cramping occurs B. Watery diarrhea is present for more than 5 days C. It can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome D. It is a foodborne pathogen E. Antibiotics are given for treatment

A, C, D

Ambivalence

An emotional state of having conflicting, opposite feelings, such as love and hate for a person or object

Loss

An encounter that one faces during the course of one's life

1. The normal volume of amniotic fluid is approximately _______________ mL at 37 weeks' gestation

ANS: 1000 The volume of amniotic fluid steadily increases from about 30 mL at 10 weeks of pregnancy to 350 mL at 20 weeks. The volume of fluid is about 1000 mL at 37 weeks. In the latter part of pregnancy, the fetus may swallow up to 400 mL of amniotic fluid per day and normally excretes urine into the fluid.

A woman who is 25 weeks pregnant asks the nurse what her fetus looks like. What does the nurse explain is one physical characteristic present in a 25-week-old fetus? a. Lanugo covering the body b. Constant motion c. Skin that is pink and smooth d. Eyes that are closed

ANS: A By 25 weeks, the body of the fetus is covered with lanugo, the eyes are open, the skin is wrinkled, and the fetus has definite periods of movement and sleeping.

During an ultrasound, two amnions and two placentas are observed. What will be the most likely result of this pregnancy? a. Dizygotic twins b. Monozygotic twins c. Conjoined twins d. High-birth weight twins

ANS: A Dizygotic twins always have two amnions and two chorions (placentas)

What organ does the ductus venosus shunt blood away from in fetal circulation? a. Liver b. Heart c. Lungs d. Kidneys

ANS: A Fetal blood bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus by carrying blood directly to the inferior vena cava.

A pregnant patient asks the nurse when her infant's heart will begin to pump blood. What will the nurse reply? a. By the end of week 3 b. Beginning in week 8 c. By the end of week 16 d. Beginning in week 24

ANS: A The fetal heart begins to pump by week 3 of gestation.

The nurse is reviewing fetal circulation with a pregnant patient and explains that blood circulates through the placenta to the fetus. What vessel(s) carry blood to the fetus? a. One umbilical vein b. Two umbilical veins c. One umbilical artery d. Two umbilical arteries

ANS: A The umbilical vein transports richly oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.

Where is the usual location for implantation of the zygote? a. Upper section of the posterior uterine wall b. Lower portion of the uterus near the cervical os c. Inner third of the fallopian tube near the uterus d. Lateral aspect of the uterine wall

ANS: A The zygote usually implants in the upper section of the posterior uterine wall.

Lordosis

An exaggerated lumbar curvature seen in the toddler period

Divorce

An example of a break in the family structure is?

Night terrors

An extreme form of nightmare

Prebycusis

An impairment of high-frequency hearing associated with advancing age

The nurse is educating a class of expectant parents about fetal development. What is considered fetal age of viability? a. 14 weeks b. 20 weeks c. 25 weeks d. 30 weeks

ANS: C 25 weeks

At what point in prenatal development do the lungs begin to produce surfactant? a. 17 weeks b. 20 weeks c. 25 weeks d. 30 weeks

ANS: C During week 25, the alveoli begin to produce surfactant, which enables the alveoli to stay open for adequate lung oxygenation to occur.

A woman missed her menstrual period 1 week ago and has come to the doctor's office for a pregnancy test. Which placental hormone is measured in pregnancy tests? a. Progesterone b. Estrogen c. Human chorionic gonadotropin d. Human placental lactogen

ANS: C Human chorionic gonadotropin is the basis for most pregnancy tests. It is detectable in maternal blood as soon as implantation occurs, usually 7 to 9 days after fertilization.

The nurse is presenting a conference on gene dominance. What does the nurse report as the percentage of children carrying the dominant gene if one parent has a dominant gene and the other parent does not? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 100%

ANS: C If one parent has a dominant trait and the other does not, then 50% of the children will inherit the trait.

Growth

An increase in physical size

palmar grasp

An infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant's palm; the infant grasps the object.

Gingivitis

An inflammation of the gums

School phobia

An intense fear of going to school

Mantoux skin test

An intracutaneous test for tuberculosis

What is the embryonic membrane that contains fingerlike projections on its surface, which attach to the uterine wall? a. Amnion b. Yolk sac c. Chorion d. Decidua basalis

ANS: C The chorion is a thick membrane with fingerlike projections (villi) on its outermost surface.

A couple just learned they are expecting their first child and are curious if they are having a boy or a girl. At what point of development can the couple first expect to see the sex of their child on ultrasound? a. 4 weeks' gestational age b. 6 weeks' gestational age c. 10 weeks' gestational age d. 16 weeks' gestational age

ANS: C The fetal period begins at the 9th week, and by the 10th week the external genitalia are visible to ultrasound examination.

The embryo is termed a fetus at which stage of prenatal development? a. 2 weeks b. 4 weeks c. 9 weeks d. 16 weeks

ANS: C The fetus (third stage of prenatal development) begins at the ninth week and continues until the 40th week of gestation or until birth.

What part of the fetal body derives from the mesoderm? a. Nails b. Oil glands c. Muscles d. Lining of the bladder

ANS: C The mesoderm is responsible for the development of muscles. Nails and oil glands derive from the ectoderm. The lining of the bladder derives from the endoderm.

Of what is the normal umbilical cord comprised? a. 1 artery carrying blood to the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood away from the fetus b. 1 artery carrying blood to the fetus and 2 veins carrying blood away from the fetus c. 2 arteries carrying blood away from the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood to the fetus d. 2 arteries carrying blood to the fetus and 2 veins carrying blood away from the fetus

ANS: C The umbilical cord is comprised of 2 arteries carrying blood away from the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood to the fetus.

A patient at the obstetric office has just learned she is pregnant with dizygotic twins. What facts will the nurse include when educating this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Dizygotic twins are the same sex. b. Dizygotic twins share a placenta. c. Dizygotic pregnancies tend to repeat in families. d. Dizygotic twins have separate chorions. e. Dizygotic twin incidence decreases with maternal age.

ANS: C, D Dizygotic twins tend to repeat in families and have separate chorions. They can be the same sex or different sexes and have their own placenta. Incidence increases with maternal age.

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)

An order that guides health care workers with regard to the wishes of patients should the patient go into cardiac or respiratory arrest

Which hormone is responsible for converting the endometrium into decidual cells for implantation? a. Estrogen b. Human chorionic gonadotropin c. Human placental lactogen d. Progesterone

ANS: D At high levels, progesterone maintains the endometrial lining for implantation of the zygote.

What complication can result from untreated respiratory distress in the newborn? a. Esophageal atresia b. Gastric dilation c. Cold stress d. Reopening of the foramen ovale

ANS: D Respiratory distress can cause increased pressure in the right ventricle, causing reopening of the foramen ovale.

Coitus

Another term for sexual intercourse

A nurse is caring for an infant who is postoperative following cleft lip and palate repair. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Remove the packing in the mouth B. Place the infant in an upright position C. Offer a pacifier with sucrose D. Assess the mouth with a tongue blade

B

The nurse explains that the birth weight of monozygotic twins is frequently below average. What is the most likely cause? a. Inadequate space in the uterus b. Inadequate blood supply c. Inadequate maternal health d. Inadequate placental nutrition

ANS: D The single placenta may not be able to provide adequate nutrition to two fetuses.

A pregnant woman states, "My husband hopes I will give him a boy because we have three girls." What will the nurse explain to this woman? a. The sex chromosome of the fertilized ovum determines the gender of the child. b. When the sperm and ovum are united, there is a 75% chance the child will be a girl. c. When the pH of the female reproductive tract is acidic, the child will be a girl. d. If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes an ovum, then a boy is produced.

ANS: D When a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes an ovum, a male child is produced.

Apnea

Absence of respiration

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate. Which of the following feedings should the nurse report to the provider?

Absent deep-tendon reflexes

Anatomy of breast and mild producing organs

Acini produce milk alveoli secrete mild lactiferous ducts transport ampulla stores

Naegele's Rule

Add 7 days and subtract 3 months from date of LMP

Schedule of food (9-10mo)

Add finger foods, cooked bite size meat, vegetables, soft fresh or canned unsweetened fruits, yogurt, cheese, etc

Schedule of food (11-12mo)

Add soft table foods, dry cereals, cheese slices, noodles

A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has eclampsia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse identify and plan to include as the priority immediately following a seizure?

Administer oxygen via facemask at 10L/min.

Providing protection against current infectious diseases

After birth, a child is given immunization as a way of?

Antioxidants

Agents that prevent the formation of free radicals and may affect the aging process

Heredity

All characteristics that are transmitted through the genes and determined at the time of fertilization

Culture

All of the learned patterns of behavior

Secondary sex characteristics

All the changes that play no direct role in reproduction, such as the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair; an increase in activity of the sebaceous and apocrine glands; breast development; and widening of the pelvic and hip bones

Ductus Arteriosus

Allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs

hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy)

Also known as gestational trophoblastic disease Occurs when chorionic villi abnormally increase and develop vesicles that resemble tiny grapes The mole may be complete, with no fetus present or partial, in which only part of the placenta has the characteristic vesicle. May cause hemorrhage, clotting abnormalities, hypertension, and later development of cancer More likely to occur women at age extremes of the reproductive life

Defense mechanisms

Also known as mental mechanisms, techniques used at all stages of the life cycle to help individuals cope with the threat of anxiety

Neurons

Also known as nerve cells

Delirium

An acute response in brain functioning that manifests itself as an acute impairment in cognition and attention

Team play

An advanced style of play typical of older children that requires the ability to follow rules and regulations; may be competitive in nature

Socializing agent

An agent that helps to instill beliefs, values, and mores in a child

Continuity-developmental theory

An aging theory that suggests that aging should be viewed as part of the life cycle, not as a separate terminal stage

Apgar score

An assessment scale used to indicate an overall picture of the newborn's status

Bulimia

An eating disorder characterized by a series of binges followed by purging or self-induced vomiting

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder that is characterized by willful starvation and severe weight loss

Molding

An elongation or overriding of the cranial bones that occurs during passage through the birth canal

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a toddler who has cerebral palsy. Which of the following actions should the nurse include? A. Structure interventions according to the toddler's chronological age B. Evaluate the toddler's need for an evaluation of hearing ability C. Monitor the toddler's pain level routinely using a numeric rating scale D. Provide total care for daily hygiene activities

B

A nurse is caring for a toddler who has rhinitis, cough, and diarrhea for 2 days. Upon assessment, it is noted that the tympanic membrane has an orange discoloration and decreased movement. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A. "Your child has an ear infection that requires antibiotics." B. "Your child could experience transient hearing loss." C. "Your child will need to be on a decongestant until this clears." D. "Your child will need to have a myringotomy."

B

A nurse is caring for an infant who has a hydrocele. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Prepare the child for surgery B. Explain to the parents that the issue will self-resolve C. Retract the foreskin and cleanse several times daily D. Refer the family for genetic counseling

B

In Antepartum Fetal Testing

Before any test, parent should know: What information will the test provide that is not already known? How will the information be used in the management of the pregnancy? What are the risks?

Right to die

Belief that persons have the right to refuse medical treatment even though it may result in death

Fibrocystic breast disease

Benign cystic growths found int breast tissue

Oral Stage (Freud)

Birth - 1: Lips, Tongue and gums focus and sucking and feeding stimulating activities (birth-1 yr)

Child abuse

Any recent act or failure to act by a parent or caregiver that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation

Stress

Anything that upsets psychological or physiological balance

When is the sex of an individual determined?

At time of fertilization

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is pregnant and will undergo a 1-hr oral glucose tolerance test. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Avoid caffeine the morning of the test.

A nurse is assessing a preschool-age child for developmental dysplasia of the hip. Which of the following assessments should the nurse include? A. Barlow test B. Trendelenburg sign C. Manipulation of foot and ankle D. Ortolani test

B

A nurse is caring for a 10-year old child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Serum BUN 8 mg/dL B. Serum creatinine 1.3 mg/dL C. Blood pressure 100/74 mmHg D. Urine output 550 mL in 24 hr

B

A nurse is caring for a child who has Hirschsprung's disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Encourage a high-fiber, low-protein, low-calorie diet B. Prepare the family for surgery C. Place an NG tube for decompression D. Initiate bed rest

B

A nurse is caring for a child who has enuresis. Which of the following is a complication of enuresis? A. Urinary tract infections B. Emotional problems C. Urosepsis D. Progressive kidney disease

B

A nurse is caring for a child who has had watery diarrhea for the past 3 days. Which of the following is an appropriate action for the nurse to take? A. Offer chicken broth B. Initiate oral rehydration therapy C. Start hypertonic IV solution D. Keep NPO until the diarrhea subsides

B

A nurse is caring for a client who has a superficial partial-thickness burn. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Administer IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride B. Apply cool, wet compresses to the affected area C. Clean the affected area using a soft-bristle brush D. Administer morphine sulfate

B

A nurse is caring for a toddler who has a Wilm's tumor. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Palpate the child's abdomen to identify the size of the tumor B. Prepare the child for surgery C. Teach the parents about dialysis D. Obtain a 24-hr urine specimen from the child

B

A nurse is caring for a child who is in skeletal traction. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Remove the weights to reposition the client B. Assess the child's position frequently C. Assess pin sites every 4 hrs D. Ensure the weights are hanging freely E. Ensure that rope's knot is in contact with the pulley

B, C, D

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about Salmonella. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Incubation period is nonspecific B. It is a bacterial infection C. Bloody diarrhea is common D. Transmission can be from house pets E. Antibiotics are used for treatment

B, C, D

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about complications of communicable diseases. Which of the following communicable diseases can lead to pneumonia? (Select all that apply.) A. Rubella (German measles) B. Rubeola (measles) C. Pertussis (whooping cough) D. Varicella (chickenpox) E. Mumps

B, C, D

A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Wear nylon underpants B. Avoid bubble baths C. Empty bladder completely with each void D. Provide information about manifestations of infection E. Wipe perineal area back to front

B, C, D

A nurse is assessing a child who has neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland. Which of the following are indications of metastasis from the primary site? (Select all that apply.) A. Weight gain B. Bone pain C. Periorbital ecchymoses D. Proptosis E. Ill appearance

B, C, D, E

A nurse is providing teaching for an adolescent client who has mononucleosis. The client has a fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and a sore upper abdomen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Take antibiotics until symptoms subside B. Drink plenty of liquids C. Avoid participating in strenuous activities D. Allow for periods of rest E. Take aspirin as needed for fever and discomfort F. Gargle with saltwater every 2-3 hrs

B, C, D, E, F

A nurse is assessing a child who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following are manifestations of a urinary tract infection? (Select all that apply.) A. Night sweats B. Swelling of the face C. Pallor D. Pale-colored urine E. Fatigue

B, C, E

A nurse is assessing a child who has leukemia. Which of the following are early manifestations of leukemia? (Select all that apply) A. Hematuria B. Anorexia C. Petechiae D. Ulcerations in the mouth E. Unsteady gait

B, C, E

A nurse is assessing a child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Dipstick protein of 1+ B. Edema in the ankles C. Hyperlipidemia D. Weight loss E. Anorexia

B, C, E

A nurse is assessing an infant who has scabies. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Presence of nits on the hair shaft B. Pencil-like marks on hands C. Blisters on the soles of the feet D. Small, red bumps on the scalp E. Pimples on the trunk

B, C, E

A nurse is caring for a client who is 2 hr postpartum. The nurse locates the client's fundus 2 cm above the umbilicus, with displacement to the right of the midline, and notes it is boggy. The nurse should identify which of the following complications as the likely cause of these findings?

Bladder distention

Enuresis

Bed-wetting after the age when urinary control has been established

Globalization

Change by a combination of diffusion, acculturation, migration patterns and tourism

Climacteric

Change of life

Listening

Can be active or passive and involves the interpretation of the spoken word

Carcinogens

Cancer-producing agents such as cigarettes, radiation, etc.

palliative care

Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his or her family.

Meiosis

Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms

Schedule of food (5-6mo)

Cereal, rice cereal, unsweetened fruit juice diluted with half water

Hyperemesis Gravidarum Treatment

Correct dehydration and electrolyte or acid base imbalance Antiemetic drugs In extreme cases TPN/Hospitalization required

Cohabitation family

Couples live together but are not married

Trisomy 21 characteristics?

Craniofacial features upward slanted eyes prushfields spots in iris small nose w/ wide nasal bridge low set ears tongue protruded fingers short and broad 1 palmar crease

9-11 months milestone

Crawling, rise on all limbs,

Kyphosis

Curvature of the thoracic spine

A nurse is assessing a child who has chronic renal failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Flushed face B. Hyperactivity C. Weight gain D. Delayed growth

D

A nurse is caring for a child who has AIDS. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse implement? A. Contact B. Airborne C. Droplet D. Standard

D

A nurse is caring for a child who is in a plaster spica cast. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Use a heat lamp to facilitate drying B. Avoid turning the child until the cast is dry C. Assist the client with crutch walking after the cast is dry D. Apply moleskin to the edges of the cast

D

A nurse is caring for a child who is suspected of having Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. The nurse should prepare the child for which of the following diagnostic procedures? A. Bone biopsy B. Genetic testing C. MRI D. Radiographs

D

A nurse is caring for a toddler who has acute otitis media. Which of the following is the priority action for the nurse to take? A. Provide emotional support to the family B. Educate the family on care of the child C. Prevent clinical complications D. Administer analgesics

D

A nurse is caring for a toddler who is diagnosed with hip dysplasia and has been placed in a hip spica cast. The child's mother asks the nurse why a Pavlik harness is not being used. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "The Pavlik harness is used for children with scoliosis, not hip dysplasia." B. "The Pavlik harness is used for school-age children." C. "The Pavlik harness cannot be used for your child because her condition is too severe." D. "The Pavlik harness is used for infants less than 6 months of age."

D

A nurse is caring for an infant who has a myelomeningocele. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the preoperative plan of care? A. Assist the mother with cuddling the infant B. Assess the infant's temperature rectally C. Place the infant in a supine position D. Apply a sterile, moist dressing on the sac

D

A nurse is planning care of a child who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following should the nurse include? A. Administer an antidiuretic B. Restrict fluids C. Evaluate the child's self-esteem D. Encourage frequent voiding

D

A nurse is preparing to administer immunizations to a 4-month old infant. Which of the following is an appropriate action for the nurse to take in providing atraumatic care? A. Administer 81mg of aspirin B. Use the Z-track method when injecting C. Ask the parents to leave the room during the injection D. Provide sucrose solution on the pacifier

D

A nurse is teaching a group of parents about communicable diseases. The nurse should include that which of the following is the beset method to prevent a communicable disease? A. Hand washing B. Avoiding persons who have active disease C. Covering your cough D. Obtaining immunizations

D

Gilligan is a critic of Kohlberg's theory of moral development. One difference between males and females cited by Gilligan is that females are more concerned with: a. Morality and justice b. Relationships and intimacy c. Regulation and punishment d. Abstract reasoning

b. Relationships and intimacy

A nurse is caring for a client who gave birth to a newborn who is large for gestation age (LGA) 16 hr ago. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a complication of the birth of a newborn who is LGA?

Hemorrhage

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Free radicals

Highly unstable chemical substances produced by metabolism

Estrogen

Hormone produced by the ovary

Predisposing factors of Abruptio placentae

Hypertension Cocaine / alcohol Cigarette smoking poor nutrition Blows to the abdomen Prior hx: abruptio placentae Folate deficiency

Neonate Whose Mother Has GDM monitor

Hypoglycemia Respiratory distress Injury related to macrosomia Blood glucose monitored closely for at least the first 24 hours after birth Breastfeeding should be encouraged

A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who is at 10 weeks gestation about danger signs of pregnancy during her first trimester. The nurse should identify which of the following client statements as an indication of understanding?

I should report persistent vomiting that causes weight loss

BP

INFANT=65-80/40-50q 1 YR: 83-114/38-67 3 YR: 86-117/47-76 6 YR: 91-122/54-83 10 YR: 98-129/59-88 16 YR: 108-138/64-93

Have complete freedom in making all decisions

In a laissez fair type family pattern, 9 year old Jane would?

Perineum

In females, the area between the anus and the vagina

Types of play: Team

In groups of same sex may be competitive

Insomnia

Inability to sleep

Fine motor skills

Include the movements of the hands and fingers

Holistic

Including not only physical aspects of health but also psychological, social, cognitive, and environmental influences

Cultural sensitivity

Recognizes that diversity exists and one needs to respect a person's uniqueness

Adducted

Referring to movements of the extremities toward the center of the body

Dementia

Refers to a loss of cognitive abilities

Conscious

Refers to all those experiences that are within one's immediate awareness

Schema

Refers to patterns consisting of a number of organized ideas that grow with a child's experiences

Unconscious

Refers to that part of the mind that is closed to one's awareness

Object permanence

Refers to the understanding that things will not disappear even if they cannot be seen

Babinski reflex

Reflex in which a newborn fans out the toes when the sole of the foot is touched

Station

Relation of the presenting fetal part to the pelvic ischial spines of the birth canal

Amniocentesis

Removal of amniotic fluid from the uterine cavity by inserting a needle through the abdomen into the amniotic sack under ultrasound guidance.

Integumentary system

Skin and related structures

A nurse is caring for a 12-hr-old male newborn who was delivered from a breech position. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the charge nurse?

Skin appears jaundiced.

Bullying

Repeated negative actions by one or more persons against chosen victims

Ritualistic behavior

Repetitive behavior, habits, or routines that serve to lower anxiety

Post-Abortion Teaching include

Report increased bleeding Take temperature every 8 hours for 3 days Take an oral iron supplement if prescribed Resume sexual activity as recommended by the health care provider Pregnancy can occur before the first menstrual period returns after the abortion procedure

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate IV for preeclampsia. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of toxicity to report to the provider?

Respiratory rate 10/min

Maladaptive grief

Responses to loss that usually exhibit an exaggerated, lengthy, unpredictable course that results in unresolved conflicts

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Responsible for the death of about 1 out of every 500 babies, most commonly between the ages of 1 and 4 months

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is at 26 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for the development of preeclampsia?

Rheumatoid arthritis

Tinnitus

Ringing in the ears

4 stages of Labor

S tage 1 L antent A ctive T ransition S tage 2

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Second Need

Safety- security of body, employment, resources

Nursing Care of Early Pregnancy Bleeding Disorders

Save anything that looks like clots or tissue for evaluation by a pathologist Perineal pad count/amount and character of bleeding Monitor VS * If actively bleeding, woman should be kept NPO in case surgical intervention is needed

Bulbourethral gland

Secretes fluid that lubricates end of penis

Bartholin's Gland

Secretes mucus which acts as lubricant (in females).

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Fifth Need

Self actualization- morality, creativity, problem solving

Hot flashes

Sensations caused by vasodilatation of the capillaries that produces a rush of blood to the skin surface

Omnipotence

Sense of unlimited power or authority

Libido

Sex drive

Acuity

Sharpness or clearness

Effacement

Shortening and thinning of the cervix

Keratosis

Skin thickening

Milia

Small clusters of pearly white spots found mostly on the infant's nose, chin, and forehead; result from nonfunctioning or clogged sebaceous glands

Lacrimal ducts

Tear ducts

The Abuse Cycle by Walker follows a pattern

Tension building Acute Battering incident Honeymoon

Menarche

Th onset of menses (first menstrual period)

Health restoration

That which begins once the disease process is stabiltzed

Vital capacity

The ability of the lungs to move air in and out

Procreation

The ability to reproduce

Activity theory

The aging theory that suggests that individuals remain active and engaged throughout their later years

Residual volume

The amount of air left in the lungs after forceful exhalation

Basal metabolic rate

The amount of energy that an individual uses at rest

Sun protection factor (SPF)

The amount of time a person can stay exposed to sunlight without burning

Adenohypophysis

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Durable power of attorney for health care

The appointing of someone to make one's wishes known and carry out some decisions regarding one's medical care in the event that one can no longer express oneself

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person is likely to live

Animistic

The belief that inanimate objects have feelings and motives

Id

The body's basic, primitive urges

Epiphyseal cartilage

The center for ossification and growth at the end of long bones

Menopause

The cessation of menses, usually between 45 and 55 years of age

Sanctions

The social remedies for violating any of the norms

Reaction time

The speed at which a person responds to a stimulus

Obesity

The state of having 20% to 30% excess weight

Eustachian tube

The structure that connects the pharynx to the middle ear

Umbilical cord

The connecting link between between the fetus and the placenta

Folkways

The customs within the culture that determine how we greet one another

Presbyopia

The decreased ability to see objects clearly at close distance; occurs with advancing age

Blastocyst

The developing mass of cells at the point of implantation of a fertilized egg

Fetus

The developing organism; called this from the eighth week until birth

Embryo

The developing organism; called this until the end of the eighth week

Time grown children leave home

The empty nest is best described as the?

Ego

The executive of the mind; relates most closely to reality

Message

The expression of thoughts and feelings in words, symbols, and body language

The regulation of behavior according to society's standards

The family is the primary socializing agent for the child. For the family to be successful, it should help in?

Grown child stage

The family unit has changed resulting in an empty nest.

Grief

The feeling tone or the expression in response to a loss

Meconium

The first newborn stool, usually greenblack in color and odorless

Nephrons

The functional, working units found in the kidneys

Weaning

The gradual substitution of the cup for the breast or bottle

Primary sex characteristics

The growth and maturation of the sex glands

Ossification

The hardening process whereby bone tissue gradually replaces the soft cartilage tissue

Egocentric

The inability to sense the world from any point of view other than their own

Karyotype

The individual chromosomal pattern of a person

Individualism

The individual's interests and needs are the primary focus

Dermis

The inner layer of the skin directly below the epidermis

Stagnation

The lack of generativity, characterized by having feelings of self-absorption and general dissatisfaction with life

Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)

The law that requires that a patient has the right to have advance directives in place; failure of an institution to inform a person of this right will result in withholding reimbursement of funding to the insitution

Cervix

The lower "neck" portion of the uterus

Gonads

The male and female sex glands

Testes

The male gonads

Sperm

The male sex cell

Testosterone

The male sex hormone produced by the interstitial cells of the testes

Penis

The male sex organ

Morula

The mass of cells following fertilization that resembles a mulberry

Life span

The maximum number of years that s species is capable of surviving

Suppression

The mental mechanism whereby one consciously puts out of awareness one's distressing feelings

Denial

The mental mechanism whereby the individual is unable to recognize the event or emotions surrounding an occurrence; events so painful they are pushed out of consciousness

Mourning

The natural process that one goes through following a major loss

Neonate

The newborn or the first 4 weeks of extrauterine life

Infant mortality rate

The number of infant deaths before the first birthday per 1,000 live births

Emotional needs are met, support from others, freedom to grow and explore.

The nurse recognizes that a functional family has which of the following characteristics?

Cultural competence

The ongoing and continuous self-evaluation and development of cultural skills, which can only be acquired by interacting with or learning about diverse cultural groups

External OS

The opening of the cervical canal of the uterus into the vagina

Lumen

The opening or diameter of a vessel

Superego

The part of the mind that dictates right from wrong and is similar to the conscience

Old

The period between age 75 and age 90

Latency

The period describe by Freud when school-age children's sexual energies are relatively dormant

Puberty

The period following childhood and before adolescence in which the body prepares for the changes necessary for reproduction

Young old

The period from ages 65 to 74

Very old

The period of age 90 and older

honeymoon phase

The perpetrator is loving, even apologetic about abuse (abuser may try to make amends with gifts, promises to get help. The victim will believe perpetrator in hopes of the relationship getting back to "Normal". Victim still very much in love and believes that love will conquer all.)

Receiver

The person to whom a message is sent

Sender

The person who delivers a message

Ova

The plural form of ovum; female sex cells

Socialization

The process of having the individual adapt to social customs

Engrossment

The process of neonatal-father bonding

Development

The progressive acquisition and skills and the capacity to function

Nurturance

The provision of love, care and attention to each family member

Anemia deficiency

The reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen to the cells -4 types are significant during pregnancy Two are nutritional *Iron deficiency *Folic acid deficiency Two are genetic disorders *Sickle cell disease (abnormal hemoglobin shape) *Thalassemia (abnormal hemoglobin through gene inheritance)

Ejaculation

The release of sperm and semen

Feedback

The response to a message

Anxiety

The response to a stressful situation

Involution

The return of the uterus to its nonpregnant state

Ovulation

The rupture and release of the ovum

post conventional

adolesence on actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles, respect for universal laws

responsible for temperature control for the fetus

amniotic fluid

foster family

an adult or couple cares for children whose biological parents are unable to care for them

Hydraminos

an excess of anmiotic fluid

foramen ovale

an opening in the septum between right and left atria of the fetal heart

rape

any form of violent sexual act that takes place against a person's will

Define Victim

any person who has suffered harm

sexual harassment

any unwanted remark, behavior, or touch that has sexual content

crowning

appearance of the top of the baby's head during labor

APGAR

appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration

Apgar scale

appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration

When does involution begin?

as soon as placenta is released/discharged

amniocentesis

aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis of possible fetal abnormalities

Nurse Clarke is assisting with assessment at the pediatric clinic. Her correct recall of growth and development is that they are: a. Independent of each other b. An interdependent process c. Events that take place at the same time d. The same for all children

b. An interdependent process

Personality is best defined: a. As the part of the mind that avoids conflict b. As a pattern of behavior unique to an individual c. As the focus that enhances the quality of one's life d. As the quality and intensity of one's feelings

b. As a pattern of behavior unique to an individual

To foster good eating habits, toddlers should have: a. Large meals offered b. At least three meals per day c. Staggered mealtimes d. An appetite stimulant

b. At least three meals per day

Kohlberg's reciprocity is when children: a. Think only of themselves b. Begin to be concerned for others c. Fight parental discipline d. Gain independent thought

b. Begin to be concerned for others

An attempt to make up for an unconsciously perceived inadequacy by excelling at something else is known as: a. Identification b. Compensation c. Sublimation d. Projection

b. Compensation

To enhance food intake, toddlers need: a. Snacks scheduled before meals b. Consistent mealtimes c. Food to soothe their crying d. Decreased fluid intake

b. Consistent mealtimes

In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the child's moral reasoning begins because of a need to: a. Avoid punishment b. Gain love and support from others c. Seek self-satisfaction d. Reduce feelings of ambivalence

b. Gain love and support from others

Discipline in the toddler years is directed toward: a. Denying the child freedom b. Giving more opportunities to explore c. Challenging creativity d. Developing good behavior

b. Giving more opportunities to explore

Cephalocaudal development progresses from: a. The center outward b. Head toward the toe c. Outward to within d. Inside to outside

b. Head toward the toe

Seven-year-old Amos may develop a sense of inferiority if his parents take which of the following actions? a. Praise the child. b. Ignore the child's effort. c. Provide positive reinforcement. d. Guide the child.

b. Ignore the child's effort

After and during toilet training, accidents should be handled: a. By scolding the child b. In a matter-of-fact way c. Aggressively d. By punishing the child

b. In a matter-of-fact way

Freud's psyche receives its energy from the: a. Conscience b. Libido c. Ego d. Superego

b. Libido

Children are prone to accidents because: a. They act like grown-ups. b. Of an inability to recognize danger c. Of poor peripheral vision d. Of muscle weakness

b. Of an inability to recognize danger

Mr. and Mrs. Banks complain to the nurse that 5-year-old Bryan is obsessive and openly exposes himself and masturbates. According to Freud, Bryan is in which stage of psychosocial development? a. Anal stage b. Phallic stage c. Latency d. Genital

b. Phallic stage

A 72-year-old patient with congestive heart failure is complaining of dyspnea. He would be unable to satisfy which of the following needs? a. Self-actualization b. Physiological c. Safety d. Belonging

b. Physiological

A newborn infant sucks automatically on its mother's breast. This is an example of: a. Schemata b. Reflexes c. Conditioning d. Assimilation

b. Reflexes

The conscience is often referred to as the: a. Ego b. Superego c. Id d. Libido

b. Superego


Ensembles d'études connexes

Module 2 _ Red Cross BLS/ CPR for healthcare

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Unit 16: Types and Characteristics of Derivative Securities

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2.2.2 Databases and Spreadsheets

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