OB/ Introduction to Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
Common warning signs of abuse
-Delay in seeking treatment -Hx of being accident prone -Pattern of injuries (identical burns on both feet) -Multiple injuries in varying stages of healing -Victim and abuser's stories don't match -Previous report of abuse-Patient fearful of partner -Visits many different ED, Dr.'s for treatment
Nutritional Anemias Symptoms
-easily fatigued -skin and mucous membranes are pale -shortness of breath -pounding heart -rapid pulse (with severe anemia)
Sensorimotor Stage (Piaget)
0-2. Sensations and perceptions. Master object permanence. Emphasis on the senses: touch, vision, motor (sucking and grasping)
Recommended folic acid dosage for women of childbearing age?
0.4 mg
normal output of newborn
1-3 ml/kg/hr
Abandonment
4 year old Henry parents were separated for several months and are now divorced. He may likely experience feelings of?
A nurse is caring for a child who has cerebral palsy. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer to treat painful muscle spasms? (Select all that apply.) A. Baclofen B. Diazepam C. Oxybutynin D. Methotrexate E. Prednisone
A, B
A nurse is assessing a child who has a rotavirus infection. Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply) A. Fever B. Vomiting C. Watery stools D. Bloody stools E. Confusion
A, B, C
A nurse is caring for a child who has a fracture. Which of the following are manifestations of a fracture? (Select all that apply) A. Crepitus B. Edema C. Pain D. Fever E. Ecchymosis
A, B, C, E
A nurse is caring for a client who has major burns and suspected septic shock. Which of the following findings are consistent with septic shock? (Select all that apply.) A. Increased body temperature B. Altered sensorium C. Decreased capillary refill D. Decreased urine output E. Increased bowel sounds
A, B, D
A nurse is teaching a parent of an infant about gastrointestinal reflux disease. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Offer frequent feedings B. Thicken formula with rice cereal C. Use a bottle with a one-way valve D. Position baby upright after feedings E. Use a wide-based nipple for feedings
A, B, D
A nurse is teaching the parent of a child who has a growth hormone deficiency. Which of the following are complications of untreated growth hormone deficiency? (Select all that apply) A. Delayed sexual development B. Premature aging C. Advanced bone age D. Short stature E. Increased epiphyseal closure
A, B, D
A nurse is caring for an infant who has ambiguous genitalia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply). A. Prepare the child for surgery B. Obtain a detailed family history C. Gather supplies for a circumcision D. Refer the family for genetic counseling E. Explain the need for a chromosomal analysis
A, B, D, E
A nurse is caring for a child who has thrombocytopenia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply) A. Monitor for signs of bleeding B. Administer routine immunizations C. Obtain rectal temperatures D. Avoid peripheral venipunctures E. Limit visitors
A, D
What are the functions of amniotic fluid? (Select all that apply.) a. Maintaining an even temperature b. Impeding excessive fetal movement c. Lubricating fetal skin d. Acting as a reservoir for nutrients e. Acting as a cushion for the fetus
ANS: A, E The amniotic fluid provides maintenance of even temperature; prevents amnion from adhering to fetal skin; allows buoyancy, symmetrical growth, and fetal movement; and acts as a cushion for the fetus. Although the fetus does swallow amniotic fluid, it has no nutritional value.
What is the total number of chromosomes contained in a mature sperm or ovum? a. 22 b. 23 c. 44 d. 46
ANS: B Gametes (sex cells) contain 23 chromosomes.
Progesterone
A female sex hormone
Race
A group of people sharing certain characteristics including skin color, hair texture, facial shape, and/or body size or shape
Apathy
A lack of interest in one's surroundings
Compensation
A mental mechanism that allows the person to make up for deficiencies in one area by excelling in another
Pseudomenstruation
A slight blood-tinged vaginal discharge that may appear shortly after birth; it is thought to be related to the maternal hormones and disappears without any treatment
Religion
A specific system of beliefs and worship
Fight-or-flight response
A state of readiness to attack or flee caused by a perceived threat
placenta
A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply
Compatibility
A sympathetic, comfortable feeling tone in a relationship
Empty-nest syndrome
A term used to define the reaction to having grown children leave the home
Pruritus
A term used to describe itching
Adolescence
A transitional period beginning with sexual maturity and ending with growth cessation and movement toward emotional maturity
Transcultural nursing
A view of nursing as caring for one world with many cultures
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is 20 weeks gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indicator of fetal compromise.
Frtal heart rate of 110/min
A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is in the active phase of the first stage of labor. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the charge nurse?
Green fluid from the vagina.
Proximosdistal
Growth that progresses from center of body toward extremities
What pelvic type is optimal for delivery?
Gynecoid
Preeclampsia
HBP during pregnancy proteinuria edema headache
2 months milestones
Head Control (milestone)
IUGR
Intrauterine growth restriction (retardation)
physical abuse
intentionally causing physical harm to another person
Nuclear family
Jeremy age 4 lives with his mother, father, and 6 month old sister. This living arrangement describes the?
LEAD
Less than 10
Purpose of the scrotum?
keep the testes temperature regulated
dizgotic twins
not identical
Nonjudgmental
Melvin carry, a 22 year old nurse is employed in the intensive care unit. When interacting with patients families, he must be which of the following?
4 phases of menstrual cycle
Menstrual Phase day 1-5 Proliferative phase day 6-14 Secretory phase day 15-26 Ischemic phase day 27-27
Reciprocity
Moral feelings of concern for what is fair to others, as described by Kohlberg
The causes of high-risk pregnancies usually include the following characteristics:
Occur because the woman has a medical condition injury that complicates pregnancy Result from the environmental hazards that affect the mother or her fetus Arise from maternal behaviors or lifestyles that have a negative effect on the mother or fetus
Types of Play: Parallel
Pay along side without interaction
Same sex family
People of the same sex are the primary caregivers of one or more children.
Accommodation
Piaget's third concept, occurs with new experiences that no longer fit or can be assimilated into existing schemas
Melanocytes
Pigmented skin cells
Malnutrition
Poor dietary practice that results from the lack of essential nutrients or from failure to eat available foods
Colostrum
Precursor of breast milk, present as early as the seventh month of fetal life
If the mother has a NEGATIVE blood type
she receives RHOGAM at 28 weeks to prevent issoimmunization from happening erythrocytes (RBC) CAUSING ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS (DANGEROUS FOR FETUS)
the childs sex is determined by the
sperm, which contains either an X or Y chromosome
why are twins often born early
the uterus becomes overdistended
colostrum
thin, yellow fluid, precursor of milk, secreted for a few days after birth
tonic neck reflex
turning the head to one side, extending the arm and leg on that side, and flexing the limbs on the opposite side
Attachment and commitment
two common bonds that hold a family together are?
AVA 2 arteries 1 vein
umbilical cord
Conversion defense mechanism
unconscious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause
Function of the fallopian tubes
where the sperm and ovum meet site of fertilization safe, nourishing environment for the ovum r zygote transport the ovum or zugotes to the corpus of the uterus
What determines the sex of an embryo?
Spermatozoa, if an X is a girl Y is a boy
Ethnicity
Stable cultural patterns shared by a group of families with the same historical roots
Chromosomes
Substances that carry the genes that transmit inherited characteristics
Major Safety Issues with Children
Suffocation, falls, choking, car acccidents
Apocrine glands
Sweat glands in the axillae and pubic region
Have open communication
To resolve a family conflict, the members must be able to?
Dental caries
Tooth decay
TORCH infections
Toxoplasmosis Other Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes infections that can be devastating
Verbal communication
Transmission of attitudes, thoughts, and feelings using spoken or written words
Beliefs
Truths held by a culture
Hydatidiform mole treatment
Uterine evacuation Dilation
PEDS ATI
VS + LAB VALUES
Resistance exercise
Weight lifting that builds muscle mass
Reproduction
Which of the following is a stage of family development?
Redirecting the child's actions
Which of the following is an accepted method of discipline for a toddler?
Dilation
Widening or expansion of an opening
development from fertilization to fetus
Zygote from fertilization to week 2 embryo between 2nd and 8th week fetus 9 week of gestation to birth
rooting reflex
a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple
Hand dominance is not determined until: a. 15 months b. 12 months c. 2 years d. 3 years
a. 15 months
son. You could tell her that this behavior represents: a. A need for independence b. Developing self-esteem c. Cognitive achievement d. Ego integrity
a. A need for independence
The parent of the school-age child can be told to expect normal average growth to include: a. Average weight increase of 2 to 3 kilograms each year b. Average height increase of 2 to 3 centimeters each year c. Budding of the wisdom teeth d. Maximum cardiac output
a. Average weight increase of 2 to 3 kilograms each year
Jeremy attends the mental health clinic. He has a history of personality disorder with childlike behavior. This can result from: a. Unrestrained id dominance b. An overdeveloped superego c. Conflict with the ego d. Unresolved Electra complex
a. Unrestrained id dominance
preclampsia
abnormal condition associated with pregnancy marked by high blood pressure gestational hypertension, proteinuria, and edema.
Placenta Previa
abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus painless bright red blood
presumptive signs of pregnancy
absent of menses amenorrhea quickening
At what age can a child climb the stairs two feet at a time? a. 18 months b. 12 months c. 2 years d. 3 years
c. 2 years
Twenty-year-old Timothy is unable to bond with others and develop any meaningful relationship. Timothy would be unable to meet which of Maslow's needs? a. Physiological b. Safety c. Belonging d. Self-esteem
c. Belonging
According to Piaget, a person begins to understand the principle that matter can take on many forms in the: a. Sensorimotor stage b. Preoperational stage c. Concrete stage d. Formal stage
c. Concrete stage
Toddlers are more prone to ear infection because the: a. Internal ear is larger than that in the adult b. Bones in the inner ear have not fused. c. Eustachian tube is shorter and wider d. Ear fills more rapidly with wax
c. Eustachian tube is shorter and wider
Erikson believes that 5-year-old Devon should be mastering the task of: a. Trust b. Autonomy c. Initiative d. Industry
c. Initiative
When a young man attempts to go to see a new movie that just opened, he is turned away as the tickets are all sold out. He responds, "it doesn't really matter, the movie was probably overrated by the reviewers." The young man is probably: a. Repressing b. Regressing c. Rationalizing d. Compensating
c. Rationalizing
Moral development of the school-age child is focused on: a. Revenge b. Hatred c. Reciprocity d. Healing
c. Reciprocity
After a traumatic car accident, the driver cannot remember any of the details. A common defense mechanism that could explain this is known as: a. Rationalization b. Compensation c. Repression d. Reaction formation
c. Repression
According to Maslow, self-actualization is achieved when the person is: a. Uncomfortable in the presence of strangers b. Able to recognize the need to excel in whatever he or she does c. Self-fulfilled and strives to reach potential d. Firm and unbending in his or her ideas
c. Self-fulfilled and strives to reach potentia
A nurse is caring for a child who sustained a fracture. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Place a heat pack on the site of injury B. Elevate the affected limb C. Assess neurovascular status frequently D. Encourage ROM of the affected limb E. Stabilize the injury
B, C, E
A nurse is caring for a client who has a skin graft. Which of the following manifestations indicate infection? (Select all that apply) A. Pink color to subcutaneous fat B. Unstable body temperature C. Generation of granulation tissue D. Subeschar hemorrhage E. Change in skin color around the affected area
B, D, E
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is at 37 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Blurred vision
Diffusion
Borrowing cultural traits from another culture borrowing cultural traits from another culture
Obstetrics
Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth
Schedule of food (0-6mo)
Breast milk, formula, add water
A nurse is caring for a child following an above the knee left leg amputation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Avoid discussing the amputation B. Administer aspirin for phantom pain C. Prepare the child for a prosthesis fitting D. Maintain the affected limb in the dependent position
C
A nurse is caring for a child who is postoperative following surgical removal of a Wilms' tumor. Which of the following assessments is an indication to continue NPO status? A. Abdominal girth 1 cm larger than yesterday B. Report of pain at the operative site C. Absent bowel sounds D. Passing off flatus every 30 min.
C
A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has a new diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Ensure that the adolescent has a referral for a psychiatrist visit B. Prepare a teaching plan to educate the adolescent in detail about his diagnosis and treatment C. Spend time with the adolescent to answer any questions he can have D. Perform a mental status examination to assess the adolescent's thought patterns
C
A nurse is completing preoperative teaching with an adolescent client who is scheduled to receive spinal instrumentation for scoliosis. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You will go home the same day of surgery." B. "You will have minimal pain." C. "You will need to receive blood." D. "You will not be able to eat until the day after surgery."
C
A nurse is planning care for an infant who is scheduled to have a lumbar puncture. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? A. Cleanse the thoracic area of the infant's back with an antiseptic solution B. Apply a eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream just before the procedure begins. C. Restrain the infant during the procedure to prevent movement D. Position the infant with his head extended and chin raised
C
A nurse is preparing to administer the varicella vaccine to an adolescent. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask to determine whether there is a contraindication to administering the vaccine? A. "Do you have an allergy to eggs?" B. "Have you ever had encephalopathy following immunizations?" C. "Are you currently taking corticosteroid medication?" D. "Have you ever had an anaphylactic reaction to yeast?"
C
A nurse is teaching a child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about self-care. Which of the following statements by the child indicates understanding of the teaching? A. "I should skip breakfast when I'm not hungry." B. "I should increase my insulin with exercise." C. "I should drink a glass of milk when I am feeling irritable." D. "I should draw up the NPH insulin into the syringe before the regular insulin."
C
A nurse is caring for a child who has oral mucositis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply) A. Swab the mucosa with lemon glycerin swabs B. Apply viscous lidocaine C. Offer soft foods D. Use a soft, disposable toothbrush for oral care E. Encourage gargling with a warm saline mouthwash
C, D, E
A nurse is teaching the parent of a child who has a Wilms' tumor. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply) A. "Your child will need to have chemotherapy for 12 months." B. "Wilms' tumors are typically genetic in nature." C. "Surgery is done usually within 48 hours of diagnosis." D. "Palpating the tumor could cause spread of the cancer." E. "Further treatments will start immediately after surgery."
C, D, E
Teratogens
Chemical or physical substances that can adversely affect the unborn
Down's syndrome Trisomy 18 Test Results
Clarifying and interpreting results should be carried out collaboratively by all health care providers involved in the procedure Guidance should be provided for choices and to consider options
A nurse is collecting data from the parent of a newborn immediately following birth. The parent states, "She is so tiny. We don't know how to pick her up without hurting her." Which of the following actions should the nurse take first to promote parent-newborn attachment?
Demonstrate to the parent how to hold the newborn.
Bottle-mouth syndrome
Dental caries caused by sugar in the milk or juice; usually occurs when bottles are given at nighttime
mechanisms of labor
Descent engagement flexion internal rotation extension external rotation expulsion
A nurse is monitoring a client who is in the first stage of labor and received IV fentanyl citrate 10 min ago for pain. The client has slurred speech and an altered mental status. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Determine the client's oxygen saturation level.
Anterior Fontanel
Diamond shaped soft spot on cranium of fetus or infant. Located at front of head
Management Woman with GDM
Diet Monitoring blood glucose levels Ketone monitoring Exercise Fetal assessment
insomnia
Difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
What is the difference between true and false labor?
Dilation of the cervix
Explain to the children that they are not to blame for the marriage failing
Divorce is a known stressor for the family unit. Which of the following responses by the nurse would best support the individuals decision go divorce?
Care of the Pregnant Woman with Excessive Bleeding
Document blood loss monitor VS and 1&O Observe for Pain Uterine rigidity or tenderness Verify that orders for blood typing and cross-match have been carried out Monitor intravenous infusion Prepare for surgery, if indicated Monitor FHR and contractions Monitor labs results, including coagulation studies Administer oxygen by mask Prepare for newborn resuscitation
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who is pregnant and has intermittent constipation. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend in the plan?
Drink 2 L of water per day.
Technological innovation
Drives rapid changes in our society today; create cultural change
Attachment
Emotional bonds between the mother and child
Respectability
Emphasizes role modeling and valuing
Conventional (Kohlberg)
care for others and uphold laws and social rules simply because they are laws, respect authority
complications of breech presentation
cord prolapse increased risk of birth trauma postpartum hemorrhage
Caput Succedaneum
edema under scalp, crosses suture lines
Trust vs. Mistrust
Erikson's first stage during the first year of life, infants learn to trust when they are cared for in a consistent warm manner
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Erikson's stage of social development in which middle-aged (40-65 yr) people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service. Finding their meaning in life.
Prenatal Visits (Frequency) in Uneventful pregnancy
Every month for 7 months Every 2 weeks during the 8th month Every week during 9th month Each visit may include: Weight and vital signs Urine checked glucose fetal HR
fimbrae
fingerlike projections of fallopian tube which sweep ova into tube
respite care
give caretaker break
Initial dangers to mother pastpartum are ____ and after that_____?
hemorrhage infections
A nurse is caring for a client who is postpartum and is receiving carboprost. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understand the purpose of this medication?
"This medication will slow down my bleeding."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about preventing urinary tract infections with a client who is at 25 weeks of gestation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"You should empty your bladder before you go to bed at night."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a bacterial infection. Which of the following statements should the nurse include int he teaching?
"You should suspend breastfeeding for 8-10 days."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about a nonstress test with a client who is at 33 weeks of gestation. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
"You will press a button when you feel the baby move."
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
(Erikson) People in late adulthood (65+) either achieve a sense of integrity of the self by accepting the lives they have lived or yield to despair that their lives cannot be relived
Ultrasound Amniotic fluid volume checking for
(OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS POLYHYDRAMNIOS) monitor to Identify fetal well-being
Hepatitis B transmitted through
*Saliva *semen *breast milk Fetus may be infected transplacentally or by contact with blood vaginal secretions during delivery After delivery 1 dose of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG), followed by the hepatitis B vaccine
HELLP Syndrome
*hemolysis *erythrocytes *elevated liver enzymes *low platelets
Assessment of Fetal Well-Being
*safe birth so that they can develop to their maximum potential *Preconception care* reduces risks prevent or minimize health problems *Prenatal assessments* Indications for testing maternal risk factors Prenatal Diagnostic
Undoing: Defense Mechanism
- Symbolically negating or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable. EX: Joe is nervous about his new job and yells at his wife. On his way home he stops and buys her flowers.
tension building phase
- The abuser has minor episodes of anger and maybe verbally abusive - Responsible for some minor physical violence - Victim is tense during this stage and tends to accept the blame for what is happening.
Characteristics of child victim
-Blames self for family conflict -Low self-esteem -Fear of parent or caretaker -cheating, lying, low achievement in school -Helplessness, signs of depression -One child singled out in family (due to being labeled "difficult", product of unwanted pregnancy, reminds the parent of someone they dislike, maybe even themselves, prematurity- inhibited parent-child bonding) -Chronic illness
General Nursing Interventions for victims of Abuse
-Ensure Safety (survivor will be confused and fearful) -Establish a trusting relationship -Know your own thoughts/feelings on abuse -Remain nonjudgmental/show empathy -Know your agency policies and use your resources -Maintain to the victim, they are blameless -Assist with contacting proper outside agencies
Common warning signs of Domestic/spouse abuse
-Low self-esteem -Blames self -Sense of hopelessness to escape -Isolation from family and friends -Views self as subservient to partner -dependence on abuser
Common warning signs of Elder abuse
-Older than 75 -Mentally or physically impaired -isolated from others -Female
A nurse is caring for a client who is 18 hr postpartum and has a fourth-degree perineal laceration. The client reports a pain rating of 4 on a scale from 0-10. Which of the following should the nurse take? (SATA)
-Promote the use of witch hazel pads -Give the client ice packs -Have the client take a cool water sitz bath -Encourage the client to practice relaxation techniques
A nurse is caring for a client who is 48 hr postpartum following a vaginal delivery. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? (SATA)
-Reddened area on the calf -Dysuria -Cracked nipples
Non Stress Test (NST)
-a test that monitors fetal heart rate. A positive test would be in which the heart rate accelerates by at least 15 beats per minute for at least 15 seconds, with at least two acceleration episodes, in a 20 minute period. For "high risk maternal or fetal factors"
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is trying to become pregnant. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of folate?
1 cup cooked spinach
Anal Stage (Freud)
1-3: Anus focus of pleasure & toilet training most important activity
A nurse is teaching the parent of an infant who has seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You can use petrolatum to help soften and remove patches from your infant's scalp." B. "When patches are present, you should keep your infant away from others." C. "You should avoid washing your infant's hair while patches are present on the scalp." D. "When patches are present, it indicates that your infant has a systemic infection."
A
Homeostasis
A balance
Equilibrium
A balance or state of homeostasis
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
A benign enlargement of the prostate gland that causes difficulty voiding, diminished urine stream, dribbling, and frequency
Acrocyanosis
A bluish discoloration of the newborn's hands and feet as a result of poor peripheral circulation
Mongolian spot
A bluish-black, flat, irregularly pigmented area found in the lumbosacral region in darker pigmented infants
Sexuality
A broad term that includes anatomy, gender roles, relationships, and a person's thought, feelings, and attitudes about sex
Opacity
A clouding of the lens of the eye
Cataracts
A cloudy formation on the lens of the eye
Papanicolaou test
A common screening test used to detect cancer of the cervix
Cholesterol
A component of many foods in our diet; an essential component of cells in the brain, nerves, blood, and hormones
Cephalocaudal
A directional term that refers to growth and development that begins at the head and progresses downward toward the feet
Proximodistal
A directional term that refers to growth and development that progresses from the center of the body toward the extremities
Glaucoma
A disease of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure
Osteoporosis
A disorder characterized by decreased bone mass resulting from the loss of minerals from the bones
Unable to meet the family's needs
A dysfunctional family is one that is?
Functional family
A family that fosters the growth and development of its members
Dysfunctional family
A family that is unable to offer its members a stable structure
Intimacy
A feeling of warmth, love, and affection
Zygote
A fertilized ovum
Placenta
A flattened circular mass of tissue attached to the inner uterine wall; has several functions (to produce hormones, transport nutrients and wastes, and protect the unborn from harmful substances)
Living will
A form of advance directive that states the wishes of a person for life-sustaining treatment in case of serious illness
Palliative care
A form of helping to relieve the suffering of terminally ill persons
Introspection
A form of self-reflection; may serve as a tool that permits sharing of our innermost thoughts
Empowerment
A form of self-responsibility that demands that people take charge of their own decision making
Protect its members
A function basic to all families is the need to?
Fosters growth and development
A functional family is one that?
Prostate Gland
A gland in males that contributes to the seminal fluid.
Hospice care
A health care organization, under Medicare and Medicaid and other third-party insurers, that provides care to terminally ill persons in the comfort of their homes
Advance directive
A legal document that states the person's wishes for medical treatment in the event that he or she cannot make these decisions
shaken baby syndrome
A life-threatening injury that occurs from being forcefully shaken back and forth ( a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections.)
Normal physiological weight loss
A loss of 5% to 10% of birth weight occurring in the early neonatal period with a regain in approximately 10 days
Malocclusion
A malposition or imperfect contact between the upper and lower teeth
Identification
A mental mechanism in which one takes on the personality traits of another person, usually one held in high esteem
Undoing
A mental mechanism in which the individual acts in a manner that symbolically cancels a previous unacceptable thought or action
Sublimation
A mental mechanism in which the individual channels or redirects unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable outlets
Projection
A mental mechanism referred to as the blaming mechanism; the individual rejects unacceptable thoughts or feelings and attributes them to another person
Conversion
A mental mechanism that converts unconscious feelings and anxiety into physical symptoms that have no underlying organic basis for the complaints
Reaction formation
A mental mechanism that keeps unacceptable feelings or thoughts out of one's awareness and replaces them with opposite feelings or thoughts
Displacement
A mental mechanism that transfers emotions associated with a person or object to another, less threatening person or object
Rationalization
A mental mechanism used to justify or excuse undesirable actions or feelings; a face-saving technique that may or may not deal with the truth
Ego integrity
A period of self-satisfaction that occurs during old age
Conscience
A person's internal system of values, similar to the superego
Lipofuscin
A pigmented metabolic waste product that has been found in greater amounts in various organs of the aged body
Cooperative play
A play style typical of preschool children in which they begin to take turns and share in a cooperative manner
Parallel play
A play style typical of toddlers whereby they play alongside each other but do not really interact or share
Reminiscence
A process of remembering and discussing key life events
Anticipatory grief
A reaction to an expected loss such as in terminal illness
Xerostomia
A reduction in saliva and resultant drying of the mouth
Wellness
A relative state of health
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
A response to stress that was described by Hans style
Regression
A return to an earlier stage of development during stressful periods
Scrotum
A sac that holds the testes
Nutrition
A science that studies the body's need for foods, how foods are digested, and how food choices relate to health and disease
Leopold's Maneuvers
A series of four maneuvers designed to provide a systematic approach whereby the examiner may determine fetal presentation and position.
Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Bereavement
A state of having sustained a loss
Clockwork theory
A theory of aging suggesting that connective-tissue cells have an internal clock that determines length of life
Free-radical theory
A theory of aging that states that highly unstable molecules contribute to the aging process
Autoimmune theory
A theory of aging that suggests that aging is related to the body's weakening immune system, which fails to recognize its own tissues and may destroy itself
Immune-system-failure theory
A theory of aging that suggests that it results when the immune system is unable to perform its function
Disengagement theory
A theory of aging that suggests that older persons and society gradually withdraw from one another to assist the transfer of power from the old to the young
Preadolescence
A time of rapid growth ending with reproductive maturation
Vernix caseosa
A white, cheeselike protective covering found on the neonate's skin
Doula
A woman who helps with the birth process.
Physiological jaundice
A yellowish tinge to the skin of the newborn seen in the first 48 to 72 hours after birth
Oedipus complex
A young boy's sexual attraction for his mother and unconscious wish to replace
Electra complex
A young girl's sexual attraction toward her father and unconscious wish to replace her mother
A nurse is planning to administer recommended immunizations to a 4 year old child. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse plan to give? (Select all that apply) A. Inactivated poliovirus (IPV) B. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) C. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) D. Varicella (VAR) E. Hepatitis B (HepB) F. Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP)
A, C, D, F
A nurse is assessing a child who has rhabdomyosarcoma of the upper arm. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A. Pain B. Discoloration of the skin C. Lymph node enlargement D. Easy bruising E. Palpable mass
A, C, E
A nurse is reviewing sick-day management with a parent of a child who has DM1. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Monitor blood glucose levels every 3 hours B. Discontinue taking insulin until feeling better C. Drink 8 oz. of fruit juice every hour D. Test urine for ketones E. Call the provider if blood glucose is greater than 240 mg/dL
A, D, E
A nurse is caring for a child who has contact dermatitis due to poison ivy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Remove the clothing over the rash B. Initiate contact isolation while the rash is present. C. Expose the rash to a heat lamp for 15 min. D. Cleanse the affected skin with hydrogen peroxide solution E. Apply calamine lotion to the skin
A, E
A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Which of the following home care instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Provide extra time for completion of ADLs B. Use cold compresses for joint pain C. Take ibuprofen on an empty stomach D. Remain home during periods of exacerbation E. Perform range-of-motion exercises
A, E
The school nurse is counseling a group of adolescent girls. What does the nurse explain about sperm ejaculated near the cervix? a. They are destroyed by the acidic pH of the vagina. b. They survive up to 5 days and can cause pregnancy. c. They lose their motility in about 12 hours after intercourse. d. They are usually pushed out of the vagina by the muscular action of the vaginal wall.
ANS: B Sperm ejaculated near the cervix can survive up to 5 days and cause pregnancy even before ovulation.
A nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about HIV/AIDS. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You can contract HIV through casual kissing." B. "HIV is transmitted through IV substance use." C. "HIV is now curable if caught in the early stages." D. "Medications inhibit transmission of the HIV virus."
B
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about fractures. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "Children need a longer time to heal from a fracture than an adult." B. "Epiphyseal plate injuries can result in altered bone growth." C. "A greenstick fracture is a complete break in the bone." D. "Bones are unable to bend, so they break."
B
A nurse is teaching a lesson on fetal development to a class of high school students and explains the primary germ layers. What are the germ layers? (Select all that apply.) a. Ectoderm b. Endoderm c. Mesoderm d. Plastoderm e. Blastoderm
ANS: A, B, C The zygote transforms its embryonic disc into three layers: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm
What does the nurse explain can affect the survival of the X- and Y-bearing sperm after intercourse? a. Age b. Estrogen level c. Body temperature d. Level of feminine hygiene
ANS: B Estrogen levels and the pH of the female reproductive tract can affect the survival of the X- and Y-bearing sperm as well as their motility.
What is the most common site for fertilization? a. Lower segment of the uterus b. Outer third of the fallopian tube near the ovary c. Upper portion of the uterus d. Area of the fallopian tube farthest from the ovary
ANS: B Fertilization takes place in the outer third of the fallopian tube, which is closest to the ovary.
When preparing to teach a class about prenatal development, the nurse would include information about folic acid supplementation. What is folic acid known to prevent? a. Congenital heart defects b. Neural tube defects c. Mental retardation d. Premature birth
ANS: B It is now known that folic acid supplements can prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida.
A nurse is assessing an infant. Which of the following findings are clinical manifestations of acute otitis media? (Select all that apply) A. Decreased pain in the supine position B. Rolling head side to side C. Loss of appetite D. Increased sensitivity to sound E. Crying
B, C, E
A nurse is caring for a child who has poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Frothy urine B. Periorbital edema C. Ill appearance D. Decreased creatinine E. Hypertension
B, C, E
A nurse in an outpatient facility is caring for an infant who has manifestations of acute otitis media (AOM). Which of the following factors places the infant at risk for otitis media? (Select all that apply.) A. Breastfeeding without formula supplementation B. Attends day care 4 days/week C. Immunizations are up to date D. History of cleft palate repair E. Parents smoke cigarettes outside
B, D, E
A nurse is assessing a child who has Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Longer affected leg B. Hip stiffness C. Intense pain D. Limited ROM E. Limp with walking
B, D, E
A nurse is assessing an infant who has a suspected urinary tract infection. Which of the following are anticipated findings? (Select all that apply). A. Increase in hunger B. Irritability C. Decrease in urination D. Vomiting E. Fever
B, D, E
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about preventing insect bites. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Wear perfumes when outside B. Avoid areas of tall grass C. Wear bright-colored clothing D. Wear insect repellent E. Check house pets frequently
B, D, E
A nurse is teaching an adolescent who has DM about manifestations of hypoglycemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply) A. Increased urination B. Hunger C. Signs of dehydration D. Irritability E. Sweating and pallor F. Kussmaul respirations
B, D, E
A nurse is caring for an infant who has obstructive uropathy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Decreased urine flow B. Urinary tract infection C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Concentrated urine E. Hydronephrosis
B, E
A nurse is planning care for an infant who has diaper dermatitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.) A. Apply talcum powder with every diaper change B. Allow the buttocks to air dry C. Use commercial baby wipes to cleanse the area D. Use cloth diapers until the rash is gone E. Apply zinc oxide ointment to the affected area
B, E
Mammography
Breast x-ray for diagnostic screening
3 month milestones
Briefly holds head up (milestone)
Transitional newborn stool
Brown to yellowish green, first 2-3 days
A nurse is caring for a 2-year old child who has had three ear infections in the past 5 months. Which of the following long-term complications is the child at risk for developing? A. Balance difficulties B. Prolonged hearing loss C. Speech delays D. Mastoiditis
C
A nurse is caring for a client who has a moderate burn. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Maintain immobilization of the affected area B. Expose affected area to the air C. Initiate a high-protein, high-calorie diet D. Implement contact isolation
C
A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has pediculosis capitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Apply mayonnaise to the affected area at night B. Treat all household pets C. Use an over-the-counter medication containing 1% permethrin D. Discard the child's stuffed animals
C
A parent of a school-age child who has GH deficiency asks the nurse how long the child will need to take injections for growth delay. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "Injections are usually continued until age 10 for girls and age 12 for boys." B. "Injections continue until your child reaches the fifth percentile on the growth chart." C. "Injections should be continued until there is evidence of epiphyseal closure." D. "The injections will need to be administered throughout your child's entire life."
C
erythroblastosis fatalis
caused by Rh-positive father and a Rh-negative mother produce an Rh positive fetus
sublimation (defense mechanism)
channeling threatening devices into acceptable outlets (e.g. working out) sublet-->outlet
First priority upon removal of the infant from the birth canal?
clearing airway mouth first then nostrils followed by drying
extended family
closely related people of several generations
physiological jaundice
condition that does not appear until after 24 hours. caused by hemolysis of extra blood cells that are no longer needed
If woman's heart cannot handle increased workload
congestive failure (CHF) results Fetus suffers from reduced placental blood flow *IF MOTHER HAS DECREASED BLOOD FLOW TO ORGANS FETUS HAS DECREASED BLOOD FLOWW TO ORGANS!!!! RESULTING IN FETAL DISTRESS!!
Supression
conscious forgetting
economic abuse
controlling a person's access to economic resources
hydatidiform mole
cystic mass resembling a cluster of grapes that develops in the place of a normal placenta and fetus shouldn't get pregnant for 1 yr after having one of these
The caloric intake of the school-age child is determined by: a. Heart rate and blood pressure b. Organ maturity and function c. Cognitive ability d. Activity and metabolism
d. Activity and metabolism
Identify which eating habit is common to toddlers: a. Consistency with the same foods b. Food fads and fluctuating appetites c. Dawdling, playing with their food d. All of the above
d. All of the above
In a greenstick fracture, the bone: a. Breaks in two distinct pieces b. Breaks in several small pieces c. Breaks and punctures the skin d. Bends but does not break
d. Bends but does not break
At 2 1/2-years-old, which of the following vital signs would be considered normal? a. Respiratory rate of 40 b. Temperature of 99.4°F c. Heart rate of 110 bpm d. Blood pressure of 110/60
d. Blood pressure of 110/60
An example of play that fosters fine motor development is: a. Push toys b. Riding a bike c. Playing with pots and pans d. Building blocks
d. Building blocks
As 6-year-old Damion enters school, you would expect which of the following accomplishments? a. A period of increased growth b. Relationship with family closer and peers more distant c. A more self-centered person d. Deciduous teeth being replaced by permanent teeth
d. Deciduous teeth being replaced by permanent teeth
When a young child from a troubled family acts as though stress does not exist, he is using which coping skill? a. Repression b. Regression c. Compensation d. Denial
d. Denial
To help increase visual acuity in 2-year-old Charles, you would have his parents: a. Hold large objects at close range b. Place color objects on the wall 19 feet away c. Hold brightly colored paintings at close range d. Hold large objects 6 feet away
d. Hold large objects 6 feet away
When the young girl reached high school, she chose track just like her older sister had done a few years earlier. The young girl is probably using: a. Compensation b. Rationalization c. Reaction formation d. Identification
d. Identification
Two parents are describing the process of maturation of their children. Which statement about maturation is correct? a. Skills are acquired through practice. b. It is the unfolding of moral and intellectual capacity. c. It is the acquisition of knowledge potential. d. It is the unfolding of the child's potential regardless of practice and training.
d. It is the unfolding of the child's potential regardless of practice and training
School plays a vital role in 9-year-old Kevin's life to provide: a. Protection b. Play c. Nurturing d. Learning
d. Learning
The nurse recognizes that according to Freud's theory, the 5-year-old boy who expresses "When I'm bigger I want to marry you, Mommy," is demonstrating: a. Sublimation b. Wishful thinking c. Displacement d. Oedipal complex
d. Oedipal complex
Respiratory infection increases in school-age children because: a. Of an immature immune system b. The trachea is wider and shorter c. Of the alveoli balloon d. Of increased exposure to other children
d. Of increased exposure to other children
Toddlers generally prefer to: a. Play with other children b. Play alone c. Play with grown-ups d. Play alongside other children
d. Play alongside other children
A 4-year-old reacts to the birth of a baby brother by starting to wet his bed at night and sucking his thumb. These coping mechanisms are called: a. Repression b. Suppression c. Denial d. Regression
d. Regression
To reduce temper tantrums, the parent would best be instructed to: a. Restrict the child's movement b. Punish the child c. Allow the child more choices d. Remove the child from the environment
d. Remove the child from the environment
Growth and development in the school-age child can be best described as: a. Rapid and rhythmic b. Slow and irregular c. Rapid and consistent d. Slow and steady
d. Slow and steady
Sheila Torres brings her 18-month-old toddler to the pediatric clinic. Which of the following findings would represent normal growth? a. The child can independently brush her teeth. b. There is complete ossification of all the bones. c. Language development is complete. d. The anterior fontanel is closed.
d. The anterior fontanel is closed
Intense feelings of physical harm experienced by school-age children may be due to: a. Peer influence b. Parental practices c. Self-will d. Violence on television
d. Violence on television
Gestational hypertension (GH)
develops as a complication of pregnancy After 20 weeks (>140/90)
Defense Mechanism: Projection
disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
cerebrovascular disease
disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain
Compensation : Defense Mechanism
doing well in one area to make up for doing poorly in another area
EDD
estimated date of delivery
Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S)
evaluate fetal lung maturity
fetal Stress test
evaluates FHR response to mild uterine contractions by using an electronic fetal monitor. contractions are induced by oxytocin
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)
federal law passed that includes minimum standards for nursing assistant training, staffing requirements, resident assessment instructions, and information on rights for residents
positive signs of pregnancy
fetal heart sounds fetal movements palpated by examiner fetal outline by sonography
In true GDM
glucose usually returns to normal by 6 weeks postpartum
hypovolemic shock s/s
hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, pallor, diaphoresis, cool, clammy skin, confusion, or other mental status changes urine output low less than 30 ml/hr thirst
monozygotic twins
identical twins
Alpha fetoprotein testing
identify high levels associated with open defects such as spinal bifida, anencephaly or gastroschisis or hydatidiform mole
Describe abuse
if you say, "stop you're hurting me" and they don't stop, then that is abuse
Preoperational
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
formal operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
defense mechanisms
in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
spinal bifida (neural tube defect)
incomplete closure of the spinal canal through which the spinal cord and meninges may or may not protrude
Stages of a contraction
increment acme decrement
communal family
individuals who share common ownership of property and goods and exchange services without monetary consideration
What are complications of pelvic inflammatory disease?
infertility eptopic pregnancy pelvic abscess adhesions
Name of the opening of cervix into uterus
internal OS
pathological jaundice
jaundice in 1st 24 hours -usually means Rh/ABO incompatibility
developmental milestones
key skills, such as learning to walk, used to check a child's progress against average development
victims of abuse 2 most common traits
low self-esteem (may be easily manipulated to think they deserve the abuse, even making excuses for abuser) Reliance on abuser (people reliant for financial, emotional, or physical support are vulnerable at any age group)
Geriatrics
medical treatment and care of old age
Child bearing stage
new members are added to the family. need to relign responsibilities, finances, and space.
Non-stress test
non-invasive measurement of fetal well being
CHF Treatment
obstetrician and cardiologist limiting physical activity Drug therapy May include beta-adrenergic blockers anticoagulants diuretics Vaginal birth is preferred as it carries less risk for infection or respiratory complications
Elderly
old people
victim
one who is hurt by another
abuser
one who mistreats others
survivor
one who stays alive while others die
Freud's Psychosexual Stages
oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
usual site of fertilization
outer 1/3 of the fallopian tube
ectopic pregnancy refers to an abnormal implantation of the fertilized ovum where?
outside of the uterine cavity, usually in the fallopian tube
viable fetus
over 28 weeks of gestation capable of surviving outside the womb
Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
perinatal infection with high mortality rate Mother has GBS swab of vaginal/rectal done at around 35-37 weeks (If positive does not affect mother at all ONLY NEWBORN) Antibiotics given in labor
acute battering
physical abuse occurs (victim senses it is coming and may even provoke to get it over with)
lochia serosa
pink brownish watery odorless discharge 4-10 days post delivery
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
preconventional, conventional, postconventional
the purpose of the foramen ovule is to
reduce blood flow to the lungs
whartons jelly
reduces compression and torsion of the umbilical vessels
oligohydraminios
refers to a decreased amount of the fluid (<300mL)
reflexes of neonate
rooting reflex, sucking, moro, tonic neck, babinski, palmar grasp
Fundus
rounded upper portion of the uterus
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
breast fed stool
several small light yellow stools, very little or no odor, milk goes in and out so easily because its so easily digested. Bowels settle into normal pattern after a few weeks, remains loose cuz there's very little undigested
date rape
sexual intercourse that is forced on a victim by someone the victim knows
incest
sexual relations with a close relative
Montgomery's glands
small glands in the areola that secrete a substance that lubricates and protects the breasts during lactation
safe house
specified "Secret" for people who are being abused to go for shelter
prolactin
stimulates milk production
oxytocin
stimulates uterine contractions and milk delivery
Vaginal Rugae
stretches during birthing process
neglect
the failure to provide for a persons basic needs
testosterone
the most important of the male sex hormones
Elder Abuse
the physical or psychological mistreatment or neglect of elderly individuals
child abuse
the physical, emotional, or sexual mistreatment of a child
a woman who wants to become pregnant should avoid all medications unless they are prescribed by a physician who knows she is pregnant, because
the placenta allows most medications to cross into the fetus
Restorative nursing
the process by which a disabled or ill person is helped to reach the highest possible level of wellness, considering his/her limitations. (Baseline)
domestic violence
the use of force to control and maintain power over a spouse in the home
verbal abuse
the use of words to mistreat or injure another person
meconium
thick green black tarry oderless that collects in the intestine of a fetus and forms the first stools of a newborn
Eclampsia
true toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, severe headaches, dizziness, convulsions, and coma
sexual abuse
unwanted sexual contact of any kind
EFM
used to record fetal movement and fetal heart rate accelerations.
when a couple has unprotected sex 4 days before the woman ovulates, the risk of the woman becoming pregnant is
very low because that is not the womans fertile period
Characteristics of an abuser
victims inconsistent explanation of injuries failure to show empathy for the victim demand to take victim home (refusal of hospitalization for injured victim) speaks for victim criticizes victim abuses family pet
emotional abuse
willful use of words or actions that undermine another person's self-esteem
A nurse is caring for a child who has muscular dystrophy. For which of the following findings should the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.) A. Purposeless, involuntary, abnormal movements B. Spinal defect and saclike protrusion C. Muscular weakness in lower extremities D. Unsteady, wide-based or waddling gait E. Upward slant to the eyes
C, D
A nurse is admitting a child who has HIV. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication that the child is in the mildly symptomatic category of HIV? (Select all that apply) A. Herpes zoster B. Anemia C. Dermatitis D. Hepatomegaly E. Lymphadenopathy
C, D, E
A nurse is caring for a child who has DM1. Which of the following are manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis? (Select all that apply) A. Blood glucose 58 mg/dL B. Weight gain C. Dehydration D. Mental confusion E. Fruity breath
C, D, E
Types of play: Sedentary
Collecting cards, items, doing crafts
Senile lentigo
Common, flat, discolored "age spots" found on the skin
Fontanels
Commonly called soft spots; spaces found between the infant's cranial bones where the sutures cross
Substance abuse
Commonly refers to the abuse of drugs such as alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine
Therapeutic communication
Communication that is purposeful and goal directed
Social communication
Communication that is used every day and is light and superficial
Nonverbal communication
Communication using body language
Spirituality
Concerned with how each individual finds a purpose and meaning to his or her life
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is in her third trimester of pregnancy. When monitoring for indications of preeclampsia, the nurse should ask the client if she has which of the following manifestations?
Continuous headache
Prevent falls children
Continuous supervision unless In crib with all side rails up
A nurse is teaching a school-age child who has diabetes mellitus about insulin administration. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You should inject the needle at a 30-degree angle." B. "You should combine your glargine and regular insulin in the same syringe." C. "You should aspirate for blood before injecting the insulin." D. "You should give four or five injections in one area before switching sites."
D
Abruptio placentae
Dark-red bleeding with pain, enlarging uterus suggest blood is accumulating within the cavity
Term for uterine lining during pregnancy?
Decidua
What color does nitrazine paper turn if the result is positive for amniotic fluid?
Deep blue/purple
Values
Deeply embedded feelings that determine what is considered good or bad, right or wrong
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is primigravida and has hyperthyroidism. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Diaphoresis
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Ageism
Discrimination based on age
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse
formula fed stool
Drier and more formed that breastfed stools. It is a paler yellow or brownish yellow and has an unpleasant odor.
Health care proxy
Durable power of attorney; designates someone to make decisions in the event that the person is unable to do so
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Erikson's second stage in which a toddler (18 mo-3 yr) learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Erikson's stage between 5 and 13 years, when the child learns to be productive develop self-confidence.
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young adults (13-21yr) search for and become their true selves
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Erikson's stage in which individuals (21-39 yr) form deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families
Generativity
Erikson's task for middle-aged adults; involves individual's desires to serve the larger community and have positive influences on their children
Initiative
Erikson's task for the preschool child demonstrated by pretend, exploration, and trying on of new roles
Industry
Erikson's task for the school-age child; children are productive and focus on the real world and their roles in it
Initiative vs. Guilt
Erikson's third stage in which the child (3-5 yr) finds independence in planning, learn new concepts playing and other activities. May feel guilt if child cannot make decisions
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Fourth Need
Esteem- self esteem, confidence, respect of others
What are the 2 primary hormones secreted by the ovary?
Estrogen progesterone
Biophysical Profile (BPP)
Evaluation of fetus with a non-reactive NST Ultrasound Looks at 5 variables *Amniotic fluid volume *Breathing *movement Flexion (fine motor) *Gross movement (motor) NST Score 0-2 points for each parameter
Hyperemesis Gravidarum Signs and Symptoms
Excessive N/V Dehydration Reduced delivery of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the fetus
Aerobic exercise
Exercise that works the large body muscles and elevates the cardiac output and metabolic rate
Symbols
Expressed as language, gestures, or objects
Emotions
Expressed feeling tones that influence a person's behavior
What carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus?
Fallopian tubes moved through the tube by cilia that lines the tubes
Older family stage
Family consisting of adults enjoying their retirement and recreation along with their new roles in their family
Unsaturated fats
Fats that are usually liquid at room temperature and are derived from plant sources
Saturated fats
Fats that come from animals; found in meats and dairy products
Primary cause of early deceleration of FHR
Fetal head compression resulting from uterine contraction vaginal exam fundal pressure
Prevent suffocation in children
Firm mattress, without plastic cover, infant on back, no pillows
Platypelloid
Flat pelvis not favorable for delivery of a fetus
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who is postpartum and follows kosher dietary laws. Which of the following indicates a meal the nurse should offer this client?
Foods that avoid eating meat and dairy products together.
Genes
Found on strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) within the cell nucleus
Sam will feel a need to compete with his other siblings
Four year old Sam is the second child of Jim and Pat gates. How may SAMs birth order affect his development?
A nurse is collecting data from a 28-year-old client who is requesting a prescription for an oral contraceptive. Which of the following information in the client's history should the nurse identify as a contraindication for the use of oral contraceptives?
Frequent headaches with visual changes.
gestation
Fundal height = weeks of gestation
A nurse is collecting data from a client who gave birth 18 hr ago. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of a postpartum complication?
Fundus is palpable at 2cm above the umbillicus.
Recessive genes
Genes for inherited traits that can only be transmitted if they exist in pairs
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Giving estrogen during menopause to treat symptoms
(GDM)
Glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy BECAUSE PREGNANCY AFFECTS WOMAN'S METABOLISM DUE TO BODY NEEDING TO MAKE ENOUGH GLUCOSE AVAILABLE TO FETUS
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is at 38 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provide?
Glycosuria
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is in her second trimester of pregnancy during a routine prenatal visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a potential danger sign of pregnancy?
Glycosuria
probable signs of pregnancy
Goodell's sign softening of cervix Hegar's sign softening of lower uterus painless ,irregular contractions Braxton- Hicks
DM BLOOD GLUCOSE
HYPOGLYCEMIA=BG under 60 DIABETES CRITERIA: 1. 8 Hr fasting BG 126 + 2. Random BG 200+ w/ classic s/s of diabetes 3. Oral glucose tol test of 200+ or more in 2 hr sample NORMAL Ha1C=4%-6% ACCEPTABLE TARGET FOR DIABETIC CHILD=6.5-8%, with TARGET GOAL less than 7%
A nurse is caring for a client following a cesarean birth. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to decrease the client's risk of developing thrombophlebitis?
Have the client ambulate several times each day.
Health promotion
Health care directed toward increasing one's optimum level of wellness
A nurse in a postpartum unit is caring for a client who has endometritis and is 48 hr postpartum following a cesarean birth. Which of the following findings should the nurse anticipate?
Heart rate 110/min
A nurse in an antepartum clinic is reviewing laboratory test results for multiple clients. The nurse should notify the provider of which of the following results?
Hematocrit 31%
Iron-Deficiency Anemia Prevention
Iron supplements Vitamin C may enhance absorption Do not take iron with milk antacids Calcium impairs absorption
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Irregular respiratory rates with periods of apnea
Landmarks used to determine how far the fetal head has descended into the birth canal?
Ischial Spine
Sibling rivalry
Jealously of siblings that causes feelings or insecurity
Amblyopia
Known as "lazy eye," a condition seen in early childhood caused by weaker muscles in one eye that, if not corrected may lead to blindness
Euthanasia
Known as mercy killing in the past, now refers to the deliberate ending of one's life as well as the withholding of treatment
Preconventional
Kohlberg's stage of moral development in which rewards and punishments dominate moral thinking
URINE OUTPUT
LESS THAN 30 KG (66 LB)=1-2 mL/kg/hr OVER 30 KG=30 mL/hr
Enculturation
Learning the culture through observation and instruction, thereby integrating oneself into the cultural group
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Third Need
Love/Belonging- friendship, family, sexual intimacy
management of preeclampsia
MAGNESIUM SULFATE TO PREVENT CONVULSIONS Maintaining blood flow to the woman's vital organs and to the placenta Preventing convulsions and FETAL HYPOXIA
Risks of HRT
MI, CVA,Thromophlebitis breast cancer
If a mother has a blood type that is negative and baby is born with positive blood type
MOTHER RECEIVES RHOGAM WITHIN 72 HOURS AFTER DELIVERY (THIS IS TO PROTECT BABY IN NEXT PREGNANCY)
IF MOTHER'S blood type is NEGATIVE and the FETUS has a POSITIVE blood type;
MOTHERS body will create ANTIBODIES which will destroy the positive erythrocytes
Trans fat
Made by adding hydrogen to vegetable oil, which helps retard food spoilage while enhancing its taste
preexisting DM maternal effects
Major risk for congenital anomalies to occur from maternal hyperglycemia during the embryonic period of development
7 month milestones
Makes progress with self feeding (milestone)
Have periodic health screenings
Margaret G, senior member of her family, wants to know what can best protect her family from illness. The nurse could instruct her to?
Shock
Mary age 30 just experienced the untimely death of her father. You might expect her to immediately exhibit feelings of?
She says little but stays with the patient
Middle aged couple was admitted to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident. Two days later the husband expired. While observing a staff member offering grief support, which action is correct?
Cohesiveness
Milicent age 30 is being discharged from the hospital after being treated for depression. The nurse should encourage the family to spend time together, because this will lead to?
Fetal Kick Counts
Moms way of evaluating fetal well-being once or twice a day number of movements Recommend eating prior but no caffeine tobacco other stimulants Done after 28 wks gestation
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has hyperemesis gravidarum. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend?
Monitor intake and output
Mores
Moral issues that are strongly believed
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxytocin. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse report to the provider?
More than 5 contractions in 10 min.
Within 3 days , cell division changes a zygote into a solid mass of 16 cells called a ?
MorullaDecidua
nuclear family
Mother, father and children living as a unit
Gross motor skills
Movements of the large muscles of the arms and legs
RESPIRATIONS
NB-1 YR=30-35/min 1-2 YR=25-30/min 2-6 YR=21-25/min 6-12 YR=19-21/min 12 YR +=16-19/min
PULSE
NB=80-180 1 WK-3 MO=80-220 3 MO-2 YR=70-150 2-10 YR=60-110 10+=50-90
Placenta previa
NO PAIN Abnormal implantation placenta Bright-red bleeding occurs when cervix dilates, resulting in painless bleeding *Three degrees Marginal Placenta reaches within 2 to 3 cm of the cervical opening *Partial placenta covers part of the cervix *Total placenta completely covers the cervical opening
If a mother negative blood type and baby is born with negative blood type
NO Rhogam given after delivery
Proximity
Nearness in location
Negativistic behavior
Negative, rebellious behavior exhibited by toddlers that is caused by frustration or a conflict of wills
sucking (newborn reflex)
Newborn makes sucking movements when anything touches lips or tongue
Aging
Normal, inevitable, progressive process that produces irreversible changes over an extended period
To prevent choking, infants and children should not be given _____.
Nuts, hard candy, seeds
Important approach in managing adverse food reactions
One food at a time for a few days at a time to check for adverse reactions
Roles and resources are shared
One of the major advantages of the extended family is?
Quad test- Screening for identification of a risk
Optional test done between weeks 16 - 18 Neural tube defects Downs syndrome trisomy 18 Offer amniocentesis Genetic counseling w/Abnormal quad with normal f/u: watch for perinatal problems
Iron-Deficiency Anemia Treatment
Oral doses of elemental iron Continue therapy for about 3 months after anemia has been corrected
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about formula preparation with the mother of a newborn. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Overdiluted formula can result in inadequate growth.
Dyspareunia
Pain or discomfort during intercourse
Leopold's maneuvers
Palpation of the abdomen to identify the position of the fetus in utero
Signs of CHF During Pregnancy
Persistent cough Crackles Fatigue or fainting on exertion Difficulty breathing on exertion Severe pitting edema of the lower extremities or generalized edema Palpitations
Somatic
Pertaining to the body
Maslowe's Hierarchy of Needs: First Need
Physiological- breathing, good, sex, water, sleep
Assimilation
Piaget's second concept, which can be described as the ability to absorb new information into the existing schemas
Abruptio placenta
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall painful, usually traumatic dark red blood
Depression
Prolonged feelings of profound sadness and unworthiness
A nurse is planning to reinforce discharge teaching about formula feeding with the guardian of a newborn. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include?
Provide the newborn with six to eight feedings during a 24-hr period.
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has mastitis of the left breast. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Pump the affected breast frequently
Norms
Socially accepted rules and behavior within a culture
Lanugo
Soft, fine, downy hair covering newborns
Bleeding Disorders of Early Pregnancy Types of Abortions
Spontaneous (non-intentional) Threatened-vaginal bleeding occurs Inevitable-membranes rupture and cervix dialates Incomplete-some products not expelled Complete-all products expelled Missed-nothing expelled, must be medically expelled Recurrent two or more spontaneous abortions Induced Therapeutic -intentional termination due to health of mother Elective intentional termination for reasons other than
Subconscious
Stores memories, thoughts, and feelings
Schedule of food (7-8mo)
Strained fruits/vegetables, yogurt, strained meats
Danger Signs in Pregnancy
Sudden gush of fluid from the vagina Vaginal bleeding Abdominal pain Persistent vomiting Epigastric pain Edema of face and hands Severe, persistent headache Blurred vision or dizziness Chills with fever over 38.0° C (100.4° F) Painful urination or reduced urine output
moro (newborn reflex)
Sudden movement/jarring of position causes extension and addiction of extremity
Nursing Tip for grieving process
Supporting and encouraging the grieving process in families who suffer a pregnancy loss, such as a spontaneous abortion or ectopic pregnancy allows them to resolve their grief
Circumcision
Surgical removal of the foreskin performed for hygienic or religious reasons
Centration
The child focuses or centers attention on only one cue
Dominant genes
Those genes that are more capable of expressing their traits than are other genes
Childbearing stage
Two adults bringing home their newborn infant son
Cultural awareness
Understanding of culture, race and ethnicity of diverse minority groups
Nystagmus
Unequal eye movements (crossing) owing to immature ciliary muscles
Conception
Union of the female ovum and the male sperm cell; also called fertilization
A nurse on a postpartum unit is contributing to the discharge teaching plan for a client. Which of the following instructions should the nurse suggest for the plan?
Use a firm mattress in the newborn's crib.
A nurse in a clinic is collecting data from a client who is at 12 weeks of gestation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Use an ultrasound stethoscope to listen to fetal heart tones.
Children in car accidents
Use car restraints
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is 1 day postpartum. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of infection?
WBC 35,000 /mm3
A nurse is performing a blood collection via heel stick on a newborn for blood glucose monitoring. After washing her hands and donning gloves, which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
Warm the newborn's heel.
Atrophy
Wasting away
Peristalsis
Wavelike muscular movement in the gastrointestinal tract
Cerumen
Wax buildup found in the ear
Acculturation
When values and beliefs are exchanged as a result of continuous direct interactions between cultures
lochia alba
Whitish/yellowish discharge - lasts 10-14 days, may last 3-6 weeks and remain normal.
single-parent family
a family in which only one parent is present to care for the children
blended family
a family whose members were once part of other families
eclampsia
a more serious form of preeclampsia, characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma
Sue Ellen Chambers asks the nurse how to manage 10-year-old Keisha's daily food intake. She can be told that breakfast should represent at least: a. 1/3 of the total daily intake b. 3/4 of the total daily intake c. 1/8 of the total daily intake d. 1/6 of the total daily intake
a. 1/3 of the total daily intake
Bladder training can usually be accomplished by age: a. 3 1/2 years b. 18 months c. 12 months d. 2 years
a. 3 1/2 years
Fine motor development during school age is more focused on: a. Accuracy and smoothness b. Control and balance c. Gain and losses d. Force and balance
a. Accuracy and smoothness
According to Freud, experiences that are reality based and logical and in one's immediate awareness are in the: a. Conscious b. Unconscious c. Subconscious d. Preconscious
a. Conscious
Play that is symbolic means the child: a. Engages in pretend play b. Likes to squeeze soft toys c. Must be placed in real play situations d. Plays in isolation
a. Engages in pretend play
Two major influences on one's growth and development patterns are: a. Heredity and environment b. Age and religion c. Race and ethnicity d. Mental and intellectual skills
a. Heredity and environment
According to Freud, the driving force behind all human behavior is the: a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Preconscious mind
a. Id
The egocentric child: a. Is focused on himself or herself b. Feels separate and alone c. Has a need to be loved by others d. Is threatened by others
a. Is focused on himself or herself
May is worried that 21/2-year-old Tracy has not grown in the past few months. You would tell her: a. It is normal for growth to be slowed at this time. b. This could be a sign of bone disease. c. This results from a poor state of nutrition. d. She is expected to grow 4 to 5 inches during this period.
a. It is normal for growth to be slowed at this time.
In object permanence, the toddler: a. No longer believes objects will disappear b. Is afraid that mother will abandon him or her c. Believes objects change and disappear d. Has paranoid tendencies
a. No longer believes objects will disappear
Play of the school-age child typically involves: a. Same sex b. Mixed sex c. Noncompetitive acts d. Repetitive acts
a. Same sex
Bedtime rituals provide the child with a: a. Sense of security b. Sense of vulnerability c. Feeling of panic d. Sleepless night
a. Sense of security
The toddler's eating habits are often influenced by: a. Siblings b. Reward c. Instinct d. Play
a. Siblings
Which of the following is not an accomplishment of children ages 4 to 6? a. They begin to grow their deciduous teeth. b. They move away from family toward peers. c. They become less self-centered and more goal oriented. d. Their sexual energies are dormant.
a. They begin to grow their deciduous teeth
According to Erikson, the foundation for a healthy personality is: a. Trust b. Autonomy c. Intimacy d. Ego integrity
a. Trust
Given paper and pencil, a 3-year-old can draw: a. Vertical strokes b. A detailed face and body c. A hand d. A triangle
a. Vertical strokes
Maturation occurs: a. Without training b. With practice c. Quickly d. With experience
a. Without training
The parent of 3-year-old Camille complains that she has eaten only a small amount of food over the past week. She does not appear to be ill, and her mother would like to know how to resolve the problem. You would advise her that: a. In order to maintain her nutritional state, she must be force fed. b. This is not an unusual pattern and will disappear without any intervention. c. Allowing play at and close to mealtimes can stimulate the appetite. d. Use of a stool softener or laxative at night can stimulate the appetite.
b. This is not an unusual pattern and will disappear without any intervention
What does an elevation in AFP ( alpha-fetoprotein) indicte?
birth defects
Cephalohematoma
blood that does not cross the suture line on the baby's scalp
Anencephaly (neural tube defect)
born without cerebral hemispheres
Lochia Rubra
bright red- lasts about 3 days after birth
Excessive discipline in school-age children can lead to: a. Insecurity b. Doubt c. Acting-out behavior d. Overimpulsiveness
c. Acting-out behavior
The characteristic thinking pattern of a 10-year-old is: a. Unorganized b. An inability to understand rules c. An ability to follow rules d. Unfocused
c. An ability to follow rules
The parents of a 3-year-old and 5-month-old are concerned that their toddler is very jealous when they are caring for the infant. The toddler becomes demanding and unreasonable. The nurse is correct when she advises the parents that this is a. A sign of delayed development b. A sign of emotional instability c. An expected outcome d. A delayed reaction to the birth
c. An expected outcome
Caregivers should understand that it is best to prepare children for sex education: a. Before they ask questions b. In schools and churches c. At each child's level of understanding d. Using street terms that they understand
c. At each child's level of understanding
The characteristic pattern of growth and development is that growth and development: a. Progress from complex to simple b. Occur at the same rate for each person c. Can be slow and steady with rapid periods d. Only affect physical changes
c. Can be slow and steady with rapid periods
Carol Wright is instructed at the health clinic to limit the intake of saturated fats for her 9- year-old. She understands the instructions if she tells you she will avoid giving him: a. Vegetable oils b. Nut oils c. Dairy products d. Oils from sunflower
c. Dairy products
The nurse recognizes that one of these behaviors is typical of 9-year-old boys: a. Starts but rarely finishes anything b. Likes to pretend at play c. Enjoys secret codes with friends d. Plays best alongside of friends
c. Enjoys secret codes with friends
The landmark of the school-age period is the: a. Onset of moral reasoning b. Maturing of ethical decision making c. Entrance into formal school and onset of puberty d. Beginning of aging and reproductive processes
c. Entrance into formal school and onset of puberty
An 84-year-old woman has just moved to an assisted living apartment. She is anxious about leaving her home and friends and meeting people. What level of Maslow's hierarchy is she struggling with? a. Physiological b. Safety and security c. Love and belonging d. Self-actualization
c. Love and belonging
In Piaget's concept of seriation, the child is able to: a. Understand the relationship between the part and the whole b. Understand the cause and effect relationship c. Order objects according to size d. Outline a plan of behavior for his or her lifetime
c. Order objects according to size
Mrs. King is concerned about what can be done to correct her toddler's lazy eye. Which of the following responses by the nurse practitioner would be correct? a. Correction is spontaneous. b. Patching the weaker eye will restore strength. c. Patching the stronger eye forces use of the weaker eye. d. Surgical correction will be necessary.
c. Patching the stronger eye forces use of the weaker eye
What strategies can a parent use to encourage the school-age child to complete his or her homework assignments? a. Make homework the last project each evening before bedtime. b. Leave the child alone until the homework is completed. c. Provide attention and contact with the child during homework sessions. d. Allow the child to decide the time and duration of homework sessions
c. Provide attention and contact with the child during homework sessions
A young couple brought their 6-year-old son to the doctor's office concerned that he frequently awakens in the night frightened by nightmares. What would be good advice for these parents? a. Give the child a glass of warm milk. b. Read the child another bedtime story. c. Reassure the child he is safe and not alone. d. Bring the child to your bed until he falls asleep
c. Reassure the child he is safe and not alone
The goal of school age is to provide: a. Moral development b. Discipline c. Self-satisfaction d. Sex role identity
c. Self-satisfaction
Ten-year-old Simon's mother tells you that Simon is unable to sleep at nights. You will know that sleep deprivation can affect Simon's: a. Mental development b. Muscle function c. Social relationships d. Aging process
c. Social relationships
Your neighbor is discussing a problem her 7-year-old son is having in school. She has just discovered he is being bullied. She is handling the problem correctly if she tells you she plans to: a. Go to the school and confront the bully herself b. Send the older child with him, and they both can handle the situation c. Support and encourage him to talk each day so he can cope d. Call the police before her son is harmed
c. Support and encourage him to talk each day so he can cope
The nurse instructs the parents of a 2 1/2-year-old boy on dental health. The nurse is correct to advise the parents to: a. Offer carbohydrate snacks b. Brush teeth once a day c. Visit the dentist yearly d. Use milk in the night bottle
c. Visit the dentist yearly
The typical potbellied appearance of the toddler is due to: a. Rapid growth in the limbs b. Separation of the vertebrae c. Weak abdominal muscles d. A rounded chest wall
c. Weak abdominal muscles
Nancy, age 3, is being seen in the managed care clinic. As part of the yearly health screen, the nurse assesses her patterns of growth and development. Development is assessed based on: a. How many inches she has grown b. How much she weighs c. What skills she has acquired d. Her head circumference
c. What skills she has acquired
10 month milestones
Change position from prone to sitting (milestone)
Method
The way a message is conveyed
A nurse is preparing to administer phytonadione to a newborn. The nurse should plan to administer this medication by which of the following routes?
Intramuscular
Demographics
The study of a group of people including the size of the group. changes within the group, and information about where the group lives
Gerontology
The study of the normal aging process
Senescence
The symptoms or changes associated with normal aging
Reversibility
The understanding of how two actions may be related to each other
Maturation
The unfolding of skills or potential regardless of practice or training
Fertilization
The union of the female ovum and male sperm cell; also called conception
Personality
The unique behavior patterns that distinguish one person from another
Cyberbullying
The use of the Internet, phone, or other technology to repeatedly harass or taunt persons
Larynx
The voice box that houses the vocal cords
Wear-and-tear theory
Theory suggesting that after repeated injury, cells wear out and cease to function, hastening, the aging process
Couple stage
These adults have chosen to start out on their own and focus on developing their careers.
Sutures
Thick bands of cartilage that separate the infant's skull bones
posterior fontanel
This (fontanel) is smaller, Triangular shaped, closes in 2-3 months. located at the back of head
Care During Labor of the Woman with GDM
Intravenous infusion of dextrose may be needed Regular insulin Assess blood glucose levels hourly and adjust insulin administration accordingly
A nurse in a providers office is collecting data from a client who is at 35 weeks of gestation. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as the priority to report to the provider?
Intense and regular uterine contractions
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about car seat safety with the guardian of a newborn. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will position the retainer clip at the level of the baby's armpits."
Defense mechanisms serve the following purpose: a. They are reflex mechanisms. b. They help cope with anxiety. c. They are a cause and effect response. d. They are manipulative responses
b. They help cope with anxiety
A nurse is caring for a child who has cellulitis on the hand. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Administer oral antibiotics B. Cleanse area using Burrow solution C. Prepare for cryotherapy D. Apply a topical antifungal medication
A
TEMPERATURE
3 MO-1 YR=99.5-99.9 (37.5-37.7) 3-5 YR=98.6-99.0 (37.0-37.2) 7-13 YR=97.9-98.6 (36.6-36.8)
Offer several choices
Angie has a 2 year old and asks how she can instill good discipline. Your response?
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
A nurse is caring for a child who is suspected to have Enterobius vermicularis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Perform a tape test B. Collect stool specimen for culture C. Test the stool for occult blood D. Initiate IV fluids
A
Interventions of late deceleration of FHR
Change to left side-lying position 8-10 L if O2 Monitor BP Correct hypertension decrease rate of maintenance infusion D/C oxytocin infusion prepare tocolytic rx administration assist with fetal blood sampling notify PCP
Separation anxiety
Anxiety brought on by stress when the young child is separated from family by school, hospitalization, or family death
Cleft palate
Incomplete congenital formation and nonunion of the hard palate
Occult blood
Hidden or invisible blood
Survival
Reproduction provides the family with a means of?
Ovaries
The female sex glands or gonads
Ductus Venous
allows fetal blood to bypass the liver
A nurse is reinforcing education about the prevention of newborn abduction with a client who recently delivered. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions?
"An alarm will sound if someone removes my baby's safety device."
Deciduous teeth
"Baby" or primary teeth, which usually appear at about 6 to 7 months of age
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about newborn home safety precautions with a group of new mothers. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Crib slats should be no more than 2.25 inches apart."
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about home care with the parent of a newborn. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Ensure the water temperature during your newborn's bath is maintained at 100 F."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription of medroxyprogesterone acetate injection for contraception. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
"I am likely to gain weight while taking this medication."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is at 8 weeks of gestation. Which of the following responses by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I should expect to have a white vaginal discharge during pregnancy."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about brestfeeding with a client who has a 12-hr-old newborn. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions?
"I should wake up my baby to feed during the night."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about newborn umbilical cord care with a client who is postpartum. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions?
"I will report any drainage from my baby's umbilical cord."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has an intrauterine device (IUD). Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"If I have pain during intercourse, I will notify my doctor."
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is at 16 weeks of gestation, has diabetes mellitus, and has a BMI of 31. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the teaching?
"My intake should be 25 calories per kilogram of my body weight or less per day."
During a normal pregnancy
Increased HR Cardiac output increases 45% Blood volume increase Manifestations of Pregnancy occur by Increasing levels of clotting factors Increasing risk of thrombosis
Autonomy
Independence and a sense of self
A nurse is caring for a client who is in preterm labor and is receiving betamethasone. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Inject the medication into the client's vastus lateralis muscles.
Normal FHR
110-160 bpm
Genital Stage (Freud)
13-20 hormones rewaken sexual instincts; love object is now nonfamilial
A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is postpartum and is receiving lactated Ringer's 1,500 mL IV to infuse over 10 hr. The nurse should verify that the IV pump's settings will deliver how many mL/hr?
150 mL/hr
PLATELETS
150,000-400,000
PAIN SCALES
2 MO-7 YR=FLACC 3 YR AND OLDER=FACES 3-13 YR=OUCHER OVER 5=NUMERIC SCALE 3-18 YEARS=NON-COMMUNICATING CHILD PAIN CHECKLIST
HCT
2 MO=28-42% 6-12 YR=35-45% 12-18 YR=37-49% M, 36-46% F
HBG
2 MO=9-14 6-12 YR=11.5-15.5 12-18 YR=13-16 M, 12-16 F
normal contraction frequency
2-5 min
Phallic Stage (Freud)
3 - 6 years receives pleasure from self-stimulation of genitals, identifies parent of same sex
Normal weight gain during pregnancy
25-35 lbs
RhoGAM administration IM
28 weeks gestation with in 72 hours of delivery
A nurse is caring for a client who has a major burn and is experiencing severe pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement to manage this client's pain? A. Administer morphine sulfate IV via continuous infusion B. Administer meperidine IM as needed C. Administer acetaminophen PO every 4 hours D. Administer hydrocodone PO every 6 hours
A
A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has acne and a prescription for isotretinoin from the dermatologist. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse plan to monitor? A. Cholesterol and triglycerides B. BUN and creatinine C. Serum potassium D. Serum sodium
A
A nurse is assessing a child who has short stature. Which of the following findings would indicate a growth hormone deficiency? A. Proportional height to weight B. Heigh proportionally greater than weight C. Weight proportionally greater than height D. BMI greater than heigh/weight ratio
A
A nurse is caring for a 10-year old child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Serum protein 5.0 g/dL B. Hgb 14.5 g/dL C. Hct 40% D. Platelet 200,000 mm3
A
How long can spermatozoa remain viable in the female reproductive tract?
5 days
WBC
5,000-10,000
Latency Stage (Freud)
5- puberty age. No further psychosexual development takes place during this stage (latent means hidden). The libido is dormant. Freud thought that most sexual impulses are repressed during the latent stage and sexual energy can be sublimated (re: defense mechanisms) towards school work, hobbies and friendships. Much of the child's energy is channeled into developing new skills and acquiring new knowledge and play becomes largely confined to other children of the same gender.
Concrete (Piaget)
6-12 logical thinking and socializing
normal contraction duration
60 seconds
When is fetal HR detectable on sonography?
8 weeks
BG
80-120
Ectopic Pregnancy
95% occur in fallopian tube Scarring or tubal deformity may result from Hormonal abnormalities Inflammation
SAO2
95-100 Acceptable -Under 91 require intervention -Under 86 is 911
A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has HIV. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply) A. Obtain yearly influenza vaccination B. Monitor a fever for 24hr before seeking medical care C. Avoid individuals who have colds D. Provide nutritional supplements E. Administer aspirin for pain
A, C, D
A nurse is planning care for a child who has tinea capitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (select all that apply.) A. Treat infected house pets B. Use selenium sulfide shampoo C. Cleanse area with Burrow solution D. Administer antiviral medication E. Use moist, warm compresses
A, B
A nurse is assessing a client who has pertussis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Runny nose B. Mild fever C. Cough with whooping sound D. Swollen salivary glands E. Red rash
A, B, C
A nurse is providing home care instructions to a parent of a child who is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply) A. Manifestations of infection B. Bleeding precautions C. Hand hygiene D. Homeschooling E. Airborne precautions
A, B, C
A nurse is caring for a child who has short stature. Which of the following diagnostic tests should be completed to confirm growth hormone (GH) deficiency? (Select all that apply) A. CT scan of the head B. Bone age scan C. GH stimulation test D. Serum IGF-1 E. DNA testing
A, B, C, D
A nurse is planning to administer recommended immunizations to a 2-month old infant. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse plan to give? (Select all that apply.) A. Rotavirus (RV) B. Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) C. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) D. Hepatitis A (HepA) E. Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) F. Inactivated poliovirus (IPV)
A, B, C, E, F
A nurse is assessing a child who has rhabdomyosarcoma of the nasopharynx. Which of the following are manifestations of rhabdomyosarcoma? (Select all that apply) A. Enlarged neck lymph nodes B. Pain C. Vomiting D. Epistaxis E. Diplopia
A, B, D
A nurse is assessing an infant who has eczema. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Generalized distribution of lesions B. Papules C. Ecchymosis in flexural areas D. Crusting lesions E. Keratosis pilaris
A, B, D
A nurse is assessing an infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A. Projectile vomiting B. Dry mucus membranes C. Currant jelly stools D. Sausage-shaped abdominal mass E. Constant hunger
A, B, E
A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a child who has a neuroblastoma. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. "Half of the children who have neuroblastoma have metastatic disease." B. "Your child will need a bone marrow biopsy." C. "Your child will be paralyzed because of this tumor." D. "Most children are diagnosed around age 12." E. "Your child will need surgery for resection of the tumor."
A, B, E
A nurse is caring for a child who has Meckel's diverticulum. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A. Abdominal pain B. Fever C. Mucus, bloody stools D. Vomiting E. Rapid, shallow breathing
A, C
A nurse is admitting a child who has severely symptomatic HIV. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A. Kaposi's sarcoma B. Hepatitis C. Wasting syndrome D. Pulmonary candidiasis E. Cardiomyopathy
A, C, D
A nurse is caring for a child who is experiencing neuropathy due to chemotherapy. Which of the following are manifestations of neuropathy? (Select all that apply) A. Constipation B. Skin breakdown C. Foot drop D. Jaw pain E. Hemorrhage cystitis
A, C, D
A nurse is caring for a male infant who has an epispadias. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A. Bladder exstrophy B. Inability to retract foreskin C. Widened pubic symphysis D. Broad, spade-like penis E. Pain
A, C, D
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about E. Coli. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Severe abdominal cramping occurs B. Watery diarrhea is present for more than 5 days C. It can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome D. It is a foodborne pathogen E. Antibiotics are given for treatment
A, C, D
Ambivalence
An emotional state of having conflicting, opposite feelings, such as love and hate for a person or object
Loss
An encounter that one faces during the course of one's life
1. The normal volume of amniotic fluid is approximately _______________ mL at 37 weeks' gestation
ANS: 1000 The volume of amniotic fluid steadily increases from about 30 mL at 10 weeks of pregnancy to 350 mL at 20 weeks. The volume of fluid is about 1000 mL at 37 weeks. In the latter part of pregnancy, the fetus may swallow up to 400 mL of amniotic fluid per day and normally excretes urine into the fluid.
A woman who is 25 weeks pregnant asks the nurse what her fetus looks like. What does the nurse explain is one physical characteristic present in a 25-week-old fetus? a. Lanugo covering the body b. Constant motion c. Skin that is pink and smooth d. Eyes that are closed
ANS: A By 25 weeks, the body of the fetus is covered with lanugo, the eyes are open, the skin is wrinkled, and the fetus has definite periods of movement and sleeping.
During an ultrasound, two amnions and two placentas are observed. What will be the most likely result of this pregnancy? a. Dizygotic twins b. Monozygotic twins c. Conjoined twins d. High-birth weight twins
ANS: A Dizygotic twins always have two amnions and two chorions (placentas)
What organ does the ductus venosus shunt blood away from in fetal circulation? a. Liver b. Heart c. Lungs d. Kidneys
ANS: A Fetal blood bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus by carrying blood directly to the inferior vena cava.
A pregnant patient asks the nurse when her infant's heart will begin to pump blood. What will the nurse reply? a. By the end of week 3 b. Beginning in week 8 c. By the end of week 16 d. Beginning in week 24
ANS: A The fetal heart begins to pump by week 3 of gestation.
The nurse is reviewing fetal circulation with a pregnant patient and explains that blood circulates through the placenta to the fetus. What vessel(s) carry blood to the fetus? a. One umbilical vein b. Two umbilical veins c. One umbilical artery d. Two umbilical arteries
ANS: A The umbilical vein transports richly oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
Where is the usual location for implantation of the zygote? a. Upper section of the posterior uterine wall b. Lower portion of the uterus near the cervical os c. Inner third of the fallopian tube near the uterus d. Lateral aspect of the uterine wall
ANS: A The zygote usually implants in the upper section of the posterior uterine wall.
Lordosis
An exaggerated lumbar curvature seen in the toddler period
Divorce
An example of a break in the family structure is?
Night terrors
An extreme form of nightmare
Prebycusis
An impairment of high-frequency hearing associated with advancing age
The nurse is educating a class of expectant parents about fetal development. What is considered fetal age of viability? a. 14 weeks b. 20 weeks c. 25 weeks d. 30 weeks
ANS: C 25 weeks
At what point in prenatal development do the lungs begin to produce surfactant? a. 17 weeks b. 20 weeks c. 25 weeks d. 30 weeks
ANS: C During week 25, the alveoli begin to produce surfactant, which enables the alveoli to stay open for adequate lung oxygenation to occur.
A woman missed her menstrual period 1 week ago and has come to the doctor's office for a pregnancy test. Which placental hormone is measured in pregnancy tests? a. Progesterone b. Estrogen c. Human chorionic gonadotropin d. Human placental lactogen
ANS: C Human chorionic gonadotropin is the basis for most pregnancy tests. It is detectable in maternal blood as soon as implantation occurs, usually 7 to 9 days after fertilization.
The nurse is presenting a conference on gene dominance. What does the nurse report as the percentage of children carrying the dominant gene if one parent has a dominant gene and the other parent does not? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 100%
ANS: C If one parent has a dominant trait and the other does not, then 50% of the children will inherit the trait.
Growth
An increase in physical size
palmar grasp
An infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant's palm; the infant grasps the object.
Gingivitis
An inflammation of the gums
School phobia
An intense fear of going to school
Mantoux skin test
An intracutaneous test for tuberculosis
What is the embryonic membrane that contains fingerlike projections on its surface, which attach to the uterine wall? a. Amnion b. Yolk sac c. Chorion d. Decidua basalis
ANS: C The chorion is a thick membrane with fingerlike projections (villi) on its outermost surface.
A couple just learned they are expecting their first child and are curious if they are having a boy or a girl. At what point of development can the couple first expect to see the sex of their child on ultrasound? a. 4 weeks' gestational age b. 6 weeks' gestational age c. 10 weeks' gestational age d. 16 weeks' gestational age
ANS: C The fetal period begins at the 9th week, and by the 10th week the external genitalia are visible to ultrasound examination.
The embryo is termed a fetus at which stage of prenatal development? a. 2 weeks b. 4 weeks c. 9 weeks d. 16 weeks
ANS: C The fetus (third stage of prenatal development) begins at the ninth week and continues until the 40th week of gestation or until birth.
What part of the fetal body derives from the mesoderm? a. Nails b. Oil glands c. Muscles d. Lining of the bladder
ANS: C The mesoderm is responsible for the development of muscles. Nails and oil glands derive from the ectoderm. The lining of the bladder derives from the endoderm.
Of what is the normal umbilical cord comprised? a. 1 artery carrying blood to the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood away from the fetus b. 1 artery carrying blood to the fetus and 2 veins carrying blood away from the fetus c. 2 arteries carrying blood away from the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood to the fetus d. 2 arteries carrying blood to the fetus and 2 veins carrying blood away from the fetus
ANS: C The umbilical cord is comprised of 2 arteries carrying blood away from the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood to the fetus.
A patient at the obstetric office has just learned she is pregnant with dizygotic twins. What facts will the nurse include when educating this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Dizygotic twins are the same sex. b. Dizygotic twins share a placenta. c. Dizygotic pregnancies tend to repeat in families. d. Dizygotic twins have separate chorions. e. Dizygotic twin incidence decreases with maternal age.
ANS: C, D Dizygotic twins tend to repeat in families and have separate chorions. They can be the same sex or different sexes and have their own placenta. Incidence increases with maternal age.
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
An order that guides health care workers with regard to the wishes of patients should the patient go into cardiac or respiratory arrest
Which hormone is responsible for converting the endometrium into decidual cells for implantation? a. Estrogen b. Human chorionic gonadotropin c. Human placental lactogen d. Progesterone
ANS: D At high levels, progesterone maintains the endometrial lining for implantation of the zygote.
What complication can result from untreated respiratory distress in the newborn? a. Esophageal atresia b. Gastric dilation c. Cold stress d. Reopening of the foramen ovale
ANS: D Respiratory distress can cause increased pressure in the right ventricle, causing reopening of the foramen ovale.
Coitus
Another term for sexual intercourse
A nurse is caring for an infant who is postoperative following cleft lip and palate repair. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Remove the packing in the mouth B. Place the infant in an upright position C. Offer a pacifier with sucrose D. Assess the mouth with a tongue blade
B
The nurse explains that the birth weight of monozygotic twins is frequently below average. What is the most likely cause? a. Inadequate space in the uterus b. Inadequate blood supply c. Inadequate maternal health d. Inadequate placental nutrition
ANS: D The single placenta may not be able to provide adequate nutrition to two fetuses.
A pregnant woman states, "My husband hopes I will give him a boy because we have three girls." What will the nurse explain to this woman? a. The sex chromosome of the fertilized ovum determines the gender of the child. b. When the sperm and ovum are united, there is a 75% chance the child will be a girl. c. When the pH of the female reproductive tract is acidic, the child will be a girl. d. If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes an ovum, then a boy is produced.
ANS: D When a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes an ovum, a male child is produced.
Apnea
Absence of respiration
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate. Which of the following feedings should the nurse report to the provider?
Absent deep-tendon reflexes
Anatomy of breast and mild producing organs
Acini produce milk alveoli secrete mild lactiferous ducts transport ampulla stores
Naegele's Rule
Add 7 days and subtract 3 months from date of LMP
Schedule of food (9-10mo)
Add finger foods, cooked bite size meat, vegetables, soft fresh or canned unsweetened fruits, yogurt, cheese, etc
Schedule of food (11-12mo)
Add soft table foods, dry cereals, cheese slices, noodles
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has eclampsia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse identify and plan to include as the priority immediately following a seizure?
Administer oxygen via facemask at 10L/min.
Providing protection against current infectious diseases
After birth, a child is given immunization as a way of?
Antioxidants
Agents that prevent the formation of free radicals and may affect the aging process
Heredity
All characteristics that are transmitted through the genes and determined at the time of fertilization
Culture
All of the learned patterns of behavior
Secondary sex characteristics
All the changes that play no direct role in reproduction, such as the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair; an increase in activity of the sebaceous and apocrine glands; breast development; and widening of the pelvic and hip bones
Ductus Arteriosus
Allows fetal blood to bypass the lungs
hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy)
Also known as gestational trophoblastic disease Occurs when chorionic villi abnormally increase and develop vesicles that resemble tiny grapes The mole may be complete, with no fetus present or partial, in which only part of the placenta has the characteristic vesicle. May cause hemorrhage, clotting abnormalities, hypertension, and later development of cancer More likely to occur women at age extremes of the reproductive life
Defense mechanisms
Also known as mental mechanisms, techniques used at all stages of the life cycle to help individuals cope with the threat of anxiety
Neurons
Also known as nerve cells
Delirium
An acute response in brain functioning that manifests itself as an acute impairment in cognition and attention
Team play
An advanced style of play typical of older children that requires the ability to follow rules and regulations; may be competitive in nature
Socializing agent
An agent that helps to instill beliefs, values, and mores in a child
Continuity-developmental theory
An aging theory that suggests that aging should be viewed as part of the life cycle, not as a separate terminal stage
Apgar score
An assessment scale used to indicate an overall picture of the newborn's status
Bulimia
An eating disorder characterized by a series of binges followed by purging or self-induced vomiting
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by willful starvation and severe weight loss
Molding
An elongation or overriding of the cranial bones that occurs during passage through the birth canal
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a toddler who has cerebral palsy. Which of the following actions should the nurse include? A. Structure interventions according to the toddler's chronological age B. Evaluate the toddler's need for an evaluation of hearing ability C. Monitor the toddler's pain level routinely using a numeric rating scale D. Provide total care for daily hygiene activities
B
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has rhinitis, cough, and diarrhea for 2 days. Upon assessment, it is noted that the tympanic membrane has an orange discoloration and decreased movement. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A. "Your child has an ear infection that requires antibiotics." B. "Your child could experience transient hearing loss." C. "Your child will need to be on a decongestant until this clears." D. "Your child will need to have a myringotomy."
B
A nurse is caring for an infant who has a hydrocele. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Prepare the child for surgery B. Explain to the parents that the issue will self-resolve C. Retract the foreskin and cleanse several times daily D. Refer the family for genetic counseling
B
In Antepartum Fetal Testing
Before any test, parent should know: What information will the test provide that is not already known? How will the information be used in the management of the pregnancy? What are the risks?
Right to die
Belief that persons have the right to refuse medical treatment even though it may result in death
Fibrocystic breast disease
Benign cystic growths found int breast tissue
Oral Stage (Freud)
Birth - 1: Lips, Tongue and gums focus and sucking and feeding stimulating activities (birth-1 yr)
Child abuse
Any recent act or failure to act by a parent or caregiver that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation
Stress
Anything that upsets psychological or physiological balance
When is the sex of an individual determined?
At time of fertilization
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is pregnant and will undergo a 1-hr oral glucose tolerance test. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Avoid caffeine the morning of the test.
A nurse is assessing a preschool-age child for developmental dysplasia of the hip. Which of the following assessments should the nurse include? A. Barlow test B. Trendelenburg sign C. Manipulation of foot and ankle D. Ortolani test
B
A nurse is caring for a 10-year old child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Serum BUN 8 mg/dL B. Serum creatinine 1.3 mg/dL C. Blood pressure 100/74 mmHg D. Urine output 550 mL in 24 hr
B
A nurse is caring for a child who has Hirschsprung's disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Encourage a high-fiber, low-protein, low-calorie diet B. Prepare the family for surgery C. Place an NG tube for decompression D. Initiate bed rest
B
A nurse is caring for a child who has enuresis. Which of the following is a complication of enuresis? A. Urinary tract infections B. Emotional problems C. Urosepsis D. Progressive kidney disease
B
A nurse is caring for a child who has had watery diarrhea for the past 3 days. Which of the following is an appropriate action for the nurse to take? A. Offer chicken broth B. Initiate oral rehydration therapy C. Start hypertonic IV solution D. Keep NPO until the diarrhea subsides
B
A nurse is caring for a client who has a superficial partial-thickness burn. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Administer IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride B. Apply cool, wet compresses to the affected area C. Clean the affected area using a soft-bristle brush D. Administer morphine sulfate
B
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has a Wilm's tumor. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Palpate the child's abdomen to identify the size of the tumor B. Prepare the child for surgery C. Teach the parents about dialysis D. Obtain a 24-hr urine specimen from the child
B
A nurse is caring for a child who is in skeletal traction. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Remove the weights to reposition the client B. Assess the child's position frequently C. Assess pin sites every 4 hrs D. Ensure the weights are hanging freely E. Ensure that rope's knot is in contact with the pulley
B, C, D
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about Salmonella. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Incubation period is nonspecific B. It is a bacterial infection C. Bloody diarrhea is common D. Transmission can be from house pets E. Antibiotics are used for treatment
B, C, D
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about complications of communicable diseases. Which of the following communicable diseases can lead to pneumonia? (Select all that apply.) A. Rubella (German measles) B. Rubeola (measles) C. Pertussis (whooping cough) D. Varicella (chickenpox) E. Mumps
B, C, D
A nurse is teaching a parent of a child who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Wear nylon underpants B. Avoid bubble baths C. Empty bladder completely with each void D. Provide information about manifestations of infection E. Wipe perineal area back to front
B, C, D
A nurse is assessing a child who has neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland. Which of the following are indications of metastasis from the primary site? (Select all that apply.) A. Weight gain B. Bone pain C. Periorbital ecchymoses D. Proptosis E. Ill appearance
B, C, D, E
A nurse is providing teaching for an adolescent client who has mononucleosis. The client has a fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, and a sore upper abdomen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Take antibiotics until symptoms subside B. Drink plenty of liquids C. Avoid participating in strenuous activities D. Allow for periods of rest E. Take aspirin as needed for fever and discomfort F. Gargle with saltwater every 2-3 hrs
B, C, D, E, F
A nurse is assessing a child who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following are manifestations of a urinary tract infection? (Select all that apply.) A. Night sweats B. Swelling of the face C. Pallor D. Pale-colored urine E. Fatigue
B, C, E
A nurse is assessing a child who has leukemia. Which of the following are early manifestations of leukemia? (Select all that apply) A. Hematuria B. Anorexia C. Petechiae D. Ulcerations in the mouth E. Unsteady gait
B, C, E
A nurse is assessing a child who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Dipstick protein of 1+ B. Edema in the ankles C. Hyperlipidemia D. Weight loss E. Anorexia
B, C, E
A nurse is assessing an infant who has scabies. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.) A. Presence of nits on the hair shaft B. Pencil-like marks on hands C. Blisters on the soles of the feet D. Small, red bumps on the scalp E. Pimples on the trunk
B, C, E
A nurse is caring for a client who is 2 hr postpartum. The nurse locates the client's fundus 2 cm above the umbilicus, with displacement to the right of the midline, and notes it is boggy. The nurse should identify which of the following complications as the likely cause of these findings?
Bladder distention
Enuresis
Bed-wetting after the age when urinary control has been established
Globalization
Change by a combination of diffusion, acculturation, migration patterns and tourism
Climacteric
Change of life
Listening
Can be active or passive and involves the interpretation of the spoken word
Carcinogens
Cancer-producing agents such as cigarettes, radiation, etc.
palliative care
Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his or her family.
Meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
Schedule of food (5-6mo)
Cereal, rice cereal, unsweetened fruit juice diluted with half water
Hyperemesis Gravidarum Treatment
Correct dehydration and electrolyte or acid base imbalance Antiemetic drugs In extreme cases TPN/Hospitalization required
Cohabitation family
Couples live together but are not married
Trisomy 21 characteristics?
Craniofacial features upward slanted eyes prushfields spots in iris small nose w/ wide nasal bridge low set ears tongue protruded fingers short and broad 1 palmar crease
9-11 months milestone
Crawling, rise on all limbs,
Kyphosis
Curvature of the thoracic spine
A nurse is assessing a child who has chronic renal failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Flushed face B. Hyperactivity C. Weight gain D. Delayed growth
D
A nurse is caring for a child who has AIDS. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse implement? A. Contact B. Airborne C. Droplet D. Standard
D
A nurse is caring for a child who is in a plaster spica cast. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Use a heat lamp to facilitate drying B. Avoid turning the child until the cast is dry C. Assist the client with crutch walking after the cast is dry D. Apply moleskin to the edges of the cast
D
A nurse is caring for a child who is suspected of having Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. The nurse should prepare the child for which of the following diagnostic procedures? A. Bone biopsy B. Genetic testing C. MRI D. Radiographs
D
A nurse is caring for a toddler who has acute otitis media. Which of the following is the priority action for the nurse to take? A. Provide emotional support to the family B. Educate the family on care of the child C. Prevent clinical complications D. Administer analgesics
D
A nurse is caring for a toddler who is diagnosed with hip dysplasia and has been placed in a hip spica cast. The child's mother asks the nurse why a Pavlik harness is not being used. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "The Pavlik harness is used for children with scoliosis, not hip dysplasia." B. "The Pavlik harness is used for school-age children." C. "The Pavlik harness cannot be used for your child because her condition is too severe." D. "The Pavlik harness is used for infants less than 6 months of age."
D
A nurse is caring for an infant who has a myelomeningocele. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the preoperative plan of care? A. Assist the mother with cuddling the infant B. Assess the infant's temperature rectally C. Place the infant in a supine position D. Apply a sterile, moist dressing on the sac
D
A nurse is planning care of a child who has a urinary tract infection. Which of the following should the nurse include? A. Administer an antidiuretic B. Restrict fluids C. Evaluate the child's self-esteem D. Encourage frequent voiding
D
A nurse is preparing to administer immunizations to a 4-month old infant. Which of the following is an appropriate action for the nurse to take in providing atraumatic care? A. Administer 81mg of aspirin B. Use the Z-track method when injecting C. Ask the parents to leave the room during the injection D. Provide sucrose solution on the pacifier
D
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about communicable diseases. The nurse should include that which of the following is the beset method to prevent a communicable disease? A. Hand washing B. Avoiding persons who have active disease C. Covering your cough D. Obtaining immunizations
D
Gilligan is a critic of Kohlberg's theory of moral development. One difference between males and females cited by Gilligan is that females are more concerned with: a. Morality and justice b. Relationships and intimacy c. Regulation and punishment d. Abstract reasoning
b. Relationships and intimacy
A nurse is caring for a client who gave birth to a newborn who is large for gestation age (LGA) 16 hr ago. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a complication of the birth of a newborn who is LGA?
Hemorrhage
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Free radicals
Highly unstable chemical substances produced by metabolism
Estrogen
Hormone produced by the ovary
Predisposing factors of Abruptio placentae
Hypertension Cocaine / alcohol Cigarette smoking poor nutrition Blows to the abdomen Prior hx: abruptio placentae Folate deficiency
Neonate Whose Mother Has GDM monitor
Hypoglycemia Respiratory distress Injury related to macrosomia Blood glucose monitored closely for at least the first 24 hours after birth Breastfeeding should be encouraged
A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who is at 10 weeks gestation about danger signs of pregnancy during her first trimester. The nurse should identify which of the following client statements as an indication of understanding?
I should report persistent vomiting that causes weight loss
BP
INFANT=65-80/40-50q 1 YR: 83-114/38-67 3 YR: 86-117/47-76 6 YR: 91-122/54-83 10 YR: 98-129/59-88 16 YR: 108-138/64-93
Have complete freedom in making all decisions
In a laissez fair type family pattern, 9 year old Jane would?
Perineum
In females, the area between the anus and the vagina
Types of play: Team
In groups of same sex may be competitive
Insomnia
Inability to sleep
Fine motor skills
Include the movements of the hands and fingers
Holistic
Including not only physical aspects of health but also psychological, social, cognitive, and environmental influences
Cultural sensitivity
Recognizes that diversity exists and one needs to respect a person's uniqueness
Adducted
Referring to movements of the extremities toward the center of the body
Dementia
Refers to a loss of cognitive abilities
Conscious
Refers to all those experiences that are within one's immediate awareness
Schema
Refers to patterns consisting of a number of organized ideas that grow with a child's experiences
Unconscious
Refers to that part of the mind that is closed to one's awareness
Object permanence
Refers to the understanding that things will not disappear even if they cannot be seen
Babinski reflex
Reflex in which a newborn fans out the toes when the sole of the foot is touched
Station
Relation of the presenting fetal part to the pelvic ischial spines of the birth canal
Amniocentesis
Removal of amniotic fluid from the uterine cavity by inserting a needle through the abdomen into the amniotic sack under ultrasound guidance.
Integumentary system
Skin and related structures
A nurse is caring for a 12-hr-old male newborn who was delivered from a breech position. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the charge nurse?
Skin appears jaundiced.
Bullying
Repeated negative actions by one or more persons against chosen victims
Ritualistic behavior
Repetitive behavior, habits, or routines that serve to lower anxiety
Post-Abortion Teaching include
Report increased bleeding Take temperature every 8 hours for 3 days Take an oral iron supplement if prescribed Resume sexual activity as recommended by the health care provider Pregnancy can occur before the first menstrual period returns after the abortion procedure
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate IV for preeclampsia. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of toxicity to report to the provider?
Respiratory rate 10/min
Maladaptive grief
Responses to loss that usually exhibit an exaggerated, lengthy, unpredictable course that results in unresolved conflicts
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Responsible for the death of about 1 out of every 500 babies, most commonly between the ages of 1 and 4 months
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is at 26 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for the development of preeclampsia?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Tinnitus
Ringing in the ears
4 stages of Labor
S tage 1 L antent A ctive T ransition S tage 2
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Second Need
Safety- security of body, employment, resources
Nursing Care of Early Pregnancy Bleeding Disorders
Save anything that looks like clots or tissue for evaluation by a pathologist Perineal pad count/amount and character of bleeding Monitor VS * If actively bleeding, woman should be kept NPO in case surgical intervention is needed
Bulbourethral gland
Secretes fluid that lubricates end of penis
Bartholin's Gland
Secretes mucus which acts as lubricant (in females).
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Fifth Need
Self actualization- morality, creativity, problem solving
Hot flashes
Sensations caused by vasodilatation of the capillaries that produces a rush of blood to the skin surface
Omnipotence
Sense of unlimited power or authority
Libido
Sex drive
Acuity
Sharpness or clearness
Effacement
Shortening and thinning of the cervix
Keratosis
Skin thickening
Milia
Small clusters of pearly white spots found mostly on the infant's nose, chin, and forehead; result from nonfunctioning or clogged sebaceous glands
Lacrimal ducts
Tear ducts
The Abuse Cycle by Walker follows a pattern
Tension building Acute Battering incident Honeymoon
Menarche
Th onset of menses (first menstrual period)
Health restoration
That which begins once the disease process is stabiltzed
Vital capacity
The ability of the lungs to move air in and out
Procreation
The ability to reproduce
Activity theory
The aging theory that suggests that individuals remain active and engaged throughout their later years
Residual volume
The amount of air left in the lungs after forceful exhalation
Basal metabolic rate
The amount of energy that an individual uses at rest
Sun protection factor (SPF)
The amount of time a person can stay exposed to sunlight without burning
Adenohypophysis
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Durable power of attorney for health care
The appointing of someone to make one's wishes known and carry out some decisions regarding one's medical care in the event that one can no longer express oneself
Life expectancy
The average number of years a person is likely to live
Animistic
The belief that inanimate objects have feelings and motives
Id
The body's basic, primitive urges
Epiphyseal cartilage
The center for ossification and growth at the end of long bones
Menopause
The cessation of menses, usually between 45 and 55 years of age
Sanctions
The social remedies for violating any of the norms
Reaction time
The speed at which a person responds to a stimulus
Obesity
The state of having 20% to 30% excess weight
Eustachian tube
The structure that connects the pharynx to the middle ear
Umbilical cord
The connecting link between between the fetus and the placenta
Folkways
The customs within the culture that determine how we greet one another
Presbyopia
The decreased ability to see objects clearly at close distance; occurs with advancing age
Blastocyst
The developing mass of cells at the point of implantation of a fertilized egg
Fetus
The developing organism; called this from the eighth week until birth
Embryo
The developing organism; called this until the end of the eighth week
Time grown children leave home
The empty nest is best described as the?
Ego
The executive of the mind; relates most closely to reality
Message
The expression of thoughts and feelings in words, symbols, and body language
The regulation of behavior according to society's standards
The family is the primary socializing agent for the child. For the family to be successful, it should help in?
Grown child stage
The family unit has changed resulting in an empty nest.
Grief
The feeling tone or the expression in response to a loss
Meconium
The first newborn stool, usually greenblack in color and odorless
Nephrons
The functional, working units found in the kidneys
Weaning
The gradual substitution of the cup for the breast or bottle
Primary sex characteristics
The growth and maturation of the sex glands
Ossification
The hardening process whereby bone tissue gradually replaces the soft cartilage tissue
Egocentric
The inability to sense the world from any point of view other than their own
Karyotype
The individual chromosomal pattern of a person
Individualism
The individual's interests and needs are the primary focus
Dermis
The inner layer of the skin directly below the epidermis
Stagnation
The lack of generativity, characterized by having feelings of self-absorption and general dissatisfaction with life
Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)
The law that requires that a patient has the right to have advance directives in place; failure of an institution to inform a person of this right will result in withholding reimbursement of funding to the insitution
Cervix
The lower "neck" portion of the uterus
Gonads
The male and female sex glands
Testes
The male gonads
Sperm
The male sex cell
Testosterone
The male sex hormone produced by the interstitial cells of the testes
Penis
The male sex organ
Morula
The mass of cells following fertilization that resembles a mulberry
Life span
The maximum number of years that s species is capable of surviving
Suppression
The mental mechanism whereby one consciously puts out of awareness one's distressing feelings
Denial
The mental mechanism whereby the individual is unable to recognize the event or emotions surrounding an occurrence; events so painful they are pushed out of consciousness
Mourning
The natural process that one goes through following a major loss
Neonate
The newborn or the first 4 weeks of extrauterine life
Infant mortality rate
The number of infant deaths before the first birthday per 1,000 live births
Emotional needs are met, support from others, freedom to grow and explore.
The nurse recognizes that a functional family has which of the following characteristics?
Cultural competence
The ongoing and continuous self-evaluation and development of cultural skills, which can only be acquired by interacting with or learning about diverse cultural groups
External OS
The opening of the cervical canal of the uterus into the vagina
Lumen
The opening or diameter of a vessel
Superego
The part of the mind that dictates right from wrong and is similar to the conscience
Old
The period between age 75 and age 90
Latency
The period describe by Freud when school-age children's sexual energies are relatively dormant
Puberty
The period following childhood and before adolescence in which the body prepares for the changes necessary for reproduction
Young old
The period from ages 65 to 74
Very old
The period of age 90 and older
honeymoon phase
The perpetrator is loving, even apologetic about abuse (abuser may try to make amends with gifts, promises to get help. The victim will believe perpetrator in hopes of the relationship getting back to "Normal". Victim still very much in love and believes that love will conquer all.)
Receiver
The person to whom a message is sent
Sender
The person who delivers a message
Ova
The plural form of ovum; female sex cells
Socialization
The process of having the individual adapt to social customs
Engrossment
The process of neonatal-father bonding
Development
The progressive acquisition and skills and the capacity to function
Nurturance
The provision of love, care and attention to each family member
Anemia deficiency
The reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen to the cells -4 types are significant during pregnancy Two are nutritional *Iron deficiency *Folic acid deficiency Two are genetic disorders *Sickle cell disease (abnormal hemoglobin shape) *Thalassemia (abnormal hemoglobin through gene inheritance)
Ejaculation
The release of sperm and semen
Feedback
The response to a message
Anxiety
The response to a stressful situation
Involution
The return of the uterus to its nonpregnant state
Ovulation
The rupture and release of the ovum
post conventional
adolesence on actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles, respect for universal laws
responsible for temperature control for the fetus
amniotic fluid
foster family
an adult or couple cares for children whose biological parents are unable to care for them
Hydraminos
an excess of anmiotic fluid
foramen ovale
an opening in the septum between right and left atria of the fetal heart
rape
any form of violent sexual act that takes place against a person's will
Define Victim
any person who has suffered harm
sexual harassment
any unwanted remark, behavior, or touch that has sexual content
crowning
appearance of the top of the baby's head during labor
APGAR
appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration
Apgar scale
appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration
When does involution begin?
as soon as placenta is released/discharged
amniocentesis
aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis of possible fetal abnormalities
Nurse Clarke is assisting with assessment at the pediatric clinic. Her correct recall of growth and development is that they are: a. Independent of each other b. An interdependent process c. Events that take place at the same time d. The same for all children
b. An interdependent process
Personality is best defined: a. As the part of the mind that avoids conflict b. As a pattern of behavior unique to an individual c. As the focus that enhances the quality of one's life d. As the quality and intensity of one's feelings
b. As a pattern of behavior unique to an individual
To foster good eating habits, toddlers should have: a. Large meals offered b. At least three meals per day c. Staggered mealtimes d. An appetite stimulant
b. At least three meals per day
Kohlberg's reciprocity is when children: a. Think only of themselves b. Begin to be concerned for others c. Fight parental discipline d. Gain independent thought
b. Begin to be concerned for others
An attempt to make up for an unconsciously perceived inadequacy by excelling at something else is known as: a. Identification b. Compensation c. Sublimation d. Projection
b. Compensation
To enhance food intake, toddlers need: a. Snacks scheduled before meals b. Consistent mealtimes c. Food to soothe their crying d. Decreased fluid intake
b. Consistent mealtimes
In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the child's moral reasoning begins because of a need to: a. Avoid punishment b. Gain love and support from others c. Seek self-satisfaction d. Reduce feelings of ambivalence
b. Gain love and support from others
Discipline in the toddler years is directed toward: a. Denying the child freedom b. Giving more opportunities to explore c. Challenging creativity d. Developing good behavior
b. Giving more opportunities to explore
Cephalocaudal development progresses from: a. The center outward b. Head toward the toe c. Outward to within d. Inside to outside
b. Head toward the toe
Seven-year-old Amos may develop a sense of inferiority if his parents take which of the following actions? a. Praise the child. b. Ignore the child's effort. c. Provide positive reinforcement. d. Guide the child.
b. Ignore the child's effort
After and during toilet training, accidents should be handled: a. By scolding the child b. In a matter-of-fact way c. Aggressively d. By punishing the child
b. In a matter-of-fact way
Freud's psyche receives its energy from the: a. Conscience b. Libido c. Ego d. Superego
b. Libido
Children are prone to accidents because: a. They act like grown-ups. b. Of an inability to recognize danger c. Of poor peripheral vision d. Of muscle weakness
b. Of an inability to recognize danger
Mr. and Mrs. Banks complain to the nurse that 5-year-old Bryan is obsessive and openly exposes himself and masturbates. According to Freud, Bryan is in which stage of psychosocial development? a. Anal stage b. Phallic stage c. Latency d. Genital
b. Phallic stage
A 72-year-old patient with congestive heart failure is complaining of dyspnea. He would be unable to satisfy which of the following needs? a. Self-actualization b. Physiological c. Safety d. Belonging
b. Physiological
A newborn infant sucks automatically on its mother's breast. This is an example of: a. Schemata b. Reflexes c. Conditioning d. Assimilation
b. Reflexes
The conscience is often referred to as the: a. Ego b. Superego c. Id d. Libido
b. Superego