OB PrepU Ch. 2: Family Centered Community Based Care

The parents of a 14-year-old girl report that she spends a lot of time on the Internet. Which question would the nurse ask the parents to assess the child's psychosocial development? "Do you limit her usage of the Internet to an hour per day?" "Does she do her homework and have fun with her peers?" "Did you place the computer where you can keep an eye on her?" "Did you warn her about protecting her identity online?"

"Does she do her homework and have fun with her peers?" Explanation: It helps to determine if the child is neglecting responsibilities or other forms of personal interaction. After deciding that issue, the parents should determine what will be reasonable limits for the child's use of the Internet. Having the computer in a family area is better than putting it in her room, and warning her about protecting her identity is a critical safety issue.

After teaching a pregnant woman about using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful based on which client statement? "I need to talk with my provider before I try using any therapy." "I can use remedies that are listed as natural because they are safe." "I just need to check the label for ingredients to make sure it is okay." "It is okay to combine more than one remedy with another."

"I need to talk with my provider before I try using any therapy." Explanation: If a client is considering the use of or is using CAM therapies, the nurse will suggest the client check with the health care provider before taking any substance, even if it is natural. The client needs to know that even if a remedy is listed as natural, it does not mean that it is safe. The package label should list all ingredients, including the amounts of each. Mixing of remedies is unsafe and may result in harm.

A nurse is teaching an 18-year-old client about circumcision care for her second baby. Which statement made by the nurse would be most appropriate to assess the client's learning ability? "I notice you're having problems with reading the information. Will you tell me about this?" "Is it difficult having two babies to care for with you being a teenager?" "Can I help fill out the forms for government financial assistance for your family?" "Since leaving high school, have you been able to find employment?"

"I notice you're having problems with reading the information. Will you tell me about this?" Explanation: The American Medical Association reports that poor health literacy skills are a stronger predictor of health status than age, income, employment status, education level, or racial/ethnic group. Poor health literacy leads to increased complications and increased mortality. The fact that the client is 18 years old and in a low socioeconomic situation are predictors of poor health, but finding out about her literacy level is a priority. The other questions will not determine her literacy ability.

A pregnant woman arrives in the L & D unit following premature rupture of membranes along with her spouse, who insists on being present and demands only female nurses assess his wife. When obtaining history and assessment data, the spouse provides all the answers. What is the best approach for the nurse to handle this situation? Call security and then inform the spouse that staff members need to speak with the woman alone. Evaluate whether it is essential to stand up to the spouse or pacify him. Educate the spouse about his expected role in the birthing process. Act as an advocate for the woman who has a male-dominant partner.

Act as an advocate for the woman who has a male-dominant partner. Explanation: In many cultures, the man is the dominant figure. In a strongly male-dominant culture, if approval for hospital admission or therapy is needed, the man would prefer to give this approval. Since the woman is a nondominant member of the family, the nurse may have to act as an advocate for her with a more dominant partner. Security would be viewed as a threat and not appropriate at this time. To gain information from the woman, the nurse may need to confront the spouse about his role in the birthing process. It is not appropriate to educate the spouse because this is a long-standing family environment, and this is not the time to try to change the family culture toward females.

A 40-year-old pregnant client tells her nurse that she would like to give birth in a birthing center because she wants several friends and family members to be there and will have more freedom at the center. What would be the most important factor for the nurse to point out when discussing this option with the client? Birthing centers allow the client to eat and move around during labor. Birthing centers allow the client to give birth in any position. Birthing centers do not always have pediatricians on staff if the newborn has special needs. Birthing centers limit the number of friends and family who can attend the birth.

Birthing centers do not always have pediatricians on staff if the newborn has special needs. Explanation: With this particular client, the nurse should point out that many birthing centers do not have pediatricians on site. The nurse should include all information related to birthing centers, such as the freedom to eat, move around, and give birth in any position so that the client can make the best decision. Birthing centers do not limit the number of friends and family who can attend the birth.

A community-based nurse is assessing the needs of a family of four, which includes a physically challenged 9-year-old. Which activity would the nurse prioritize to be an advocate for this family? Ensure case history is complete for all family members. Establish eligibility for assistive devices for child. Ensure the client follows physical therapy recommendations. Train the school nurse on the needs of the child.

Establish eligibility for assistive devices for child. Explanation: Client advocacy is acting on behalf of the client. Making calls to arrange for special equipment is one role of a nurse who is acting on behalf of the client. A case history would be taken at the initial visit to the treatment center by the attending nurse. The client's progress in physical therapy is to be noted by the therapist or PT assistant. The community-based nurse should not have to train the school nurse but would share the needs of the child so that the school nurse is prepared to provide appropriate care.

The nurse is assessing a family to determine if they have access to adequate health care. Which statement accurately describes how certain families are affected by common barriers to health care? After a decade of escalation, the percentage of children living in low-income families has been on the decline since 2000. White, non-Hispanic children overall are more likely than Black and Hispanic children to be in very good or excellent health. The proportion of children between the ages of 6 and 18 who are overweight is decreasing, but a large increase is occurring in Black females. The overall health care plan of working families may improve access to specialty care but limit access to preventive services.

White, non-Hispanic children overall are more likely than Black and Hispanic children to be in very good or excellent health. Explanation: White, non-Hispanic children overall are more likely than Black and Hispanic children to be in very good or excellent health. After a decade of decline, the percentage of children living in low-income families has been on the rise since 2000. In 2005, 39% of children were living in low-income families and 18% were living in poor families. The proportion of children between the ages of 6 and 18 who are overweight is increasing, but the largest increase is occurring in Black females. The overall plan may improve access to preventive services but may limit the access to specialty care, which has a major impact on children with chronic or long-term illnesses.

A community health nurse is actively involved in various community projects. The nurse is providing a secondary prevention activity by organizing which event? a skin cancer screening fair sexually transmitted infection (STI) education internet instruction for older adults application of a colostomy device

a skin cancer screening fair Explanation: Secondary prevention measures are those taken to screen for diseases (such as skin cancer screening), delayed development according to criteria, or use of medication. Primary prevention involves health promotion activities to prevent the development of illness or injury. This level of prevention includes giving information which could include teaching older adults how to use the internet to find reliable information concerning various diseases, or providing STI education to prevent the spread of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes health promotion activities that focus on rehabilitation and that provide information to prevent further injury or illness, such as teaching a client how to properly apply a colostomy device.

While caring for a hospitalized child, the nurse notes the parent does not take into consideration the wishes or opinions of the child. During a period of discussion, the parent states "My child needs clear rules and knows I expect my child to do as I say." This is consistent with which style of parenting? authoritative authoritarian permissive uninvolved

authoritarian Explanation: Authoritarian parenting style consists of the parents making the rules for the child to follow. There is little to no flexibility or decision making by the child. Authoritative parenting is also referred to as democratic parenting. In this style of parenting, there are rules and expectations of behavior but the parents embrace the individuality of the child and do allow some input by the child. Permissive parents have little control over the behavior of their children. Rules are often inconsistent, unclear or nonexistent. Uninvolved parents are indifferent. They do not provide rules or standards.

A nurse working at a women's health center is engaged in secondary prevention activities. With which activity(ies) would the nurse be involved? Select all that apply. pregnancy testing breast examinations osteoporosis screening immunizations family planning

pregnancy testing breast examinations osteoporosis screening Explanation: Health screenings are the mainstay of secondary prevention. Pregnancy testing, blood pressure evaluations, cholesterol monitoring, fecal occult blood testing, breast examinations, mammography screening, hearing and vision examinations, osteoporosis screening, and Papanicolaou (Pap) tests are examples of this level of prevention. Immunizations and family planning are examples of primary prevention activities.

The nurse educator has completed a presentation on caring for babies born to mothers with a substance use disorder. Which statement by a participant would indicate the need for further education? "Babies born to mothers with a substance use disorder tend to be small for gestational age." "When a pregnant woman suffers from a substance use disorder, the child may suffer from withdrawal symptoms when born." "Mothers with a substance use disorder are at a higher risk for having a child with physical abnormalities." "Babies born to a mother with a substance use disorder don't have any difficulty eating."

"Babies born to a mother with a substance use disorder don't have any difficulty eating." Explanation: Babies born to mothers with a substance use disorder tend to be small for gestational age. They may also suffer from withdrawal symptoms and are at a higher risk for both physical and mental abnormalities. They may also suffer from problems eating, such as a decreased ability to suck. Some of the problems of the baby may not be immediately apparent, because these problems can also encompass cognitive and skill-attainment delays.

During a hospital admission, an 8-year-old of Polish heritage tells you he is angry because so many people have asked him how to pronounce his name. What would be your best response? "Polish names are hard to pronounce." "No one ever says my name correctly either." "I will mark in your nursing care plan how to say it correctly." "I'll never use your name. Then, I can't say it wrong."

"I will mark in your nursing care plan how to say it correctly." Explanation: Respect for other cultures begins with personal respect.

A mother confides to the nurse that she is thinking of divorce. Which suggestion by the nurse would help minimize the effects on the child? "Tell the child together using appropriate terms." "Reassure him that no one loves him more than you." "Do special things with him to make up for the divorce." "Share your feelings with the child."

"Tell the child together using appropriate terms." Explanation: Both parents telling the child about the divorce together, using appropriate terms, will minimize the effects on the child. The other responses suggest unacceptable behaviors for the mother, such as competing with the spouse and using the child as a confidante.

A nurse is conducting a class for the staff at the clinic about sexual orientation. The nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the class makes which statement? "Sexual orientation is the same as gender identity." "Sexual orientation refers to a person's emotional attraction to another person." "Gay is used to refer to individuals with emotional attractions to people of the same sex." "The terms heterosexual and straight refer to the same sexual orientation."

"Sexual orientation is the same as gender identity." Explanation: Sexual orientation refers to a person's attraction to and sexual fulfillment with another person. Gender identity is the inner sense a person has of being male, female, or nonbinary, which may be the same as or different from the sex assigned at birth; everyone holds a gender identity. Gay is a term typically associated with male-identifying individuals who are sexually attracted to male partners. However, this term is sometimes used to refer to men and women who have same-sex partners. Heterosexual and straight are both terms used to refer to someone who finds sexual fulfillment with a member of the opposite sex.

The mother of a 4-year-old is discussing discipline methods with the nurse. She states that she has never tried using "time-outs" with her child and wonders how and if this method works. Which responses from the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply. "I think time-outs are the best method of discipline for this age of child." "Time-out is a way of removing positive reinforcement of an unwanted or inappropriate behavior." "If you decide to try this method, be sure to use time-out in a nonthreatening, safe area where no interaction occurs with you." "Time-out is a method that is recognized by many pediatricians and experts in pediatrics." "I never found time-outs to work with my children, regardless of their age."

"Time-out is a way of removing positive reinforcement of an unwanted or inappropriate behavior." "If you decide to try this method, be sure to use time-out in a nonthreatening, safe area where no interaction occurs with you." "Time-out is a method that is recognized by many pediatricians and experts in pediatrics." Explanation: Time-out is an extinction discipline method that is most effective with toddlers, preschoolers, and early school-aged children. Providing information so that the mother can make the decision about this method of discipline is appropriate. Giving the mother advice and personal evaluation is not appropriate.

The case manager is looking over the inpatient census on the floor to determine which client would be the best candidate for discharge with home health care follow-up. Which client would the case manager recommend to the practitioner for discharge? 6-year-old asthmatic child who is wheezing and has an O2 saturation of 92%. 3-day-old infant with a bilirubin level of 20 who is currently under phototherapy. 10-year-old boy with an infected laceration on his leg who has been treated with IV antibiotics for 3 days. Adolescent who was admitted in sickle cell crisis yesterday and rates his pain as an 8/10.

10-year-old boy with an infected laceration on his leg who has been treated with IV antibiotics for 3 days. Explanation: The child with the infected laceration is on IV antibiotics and can safely be discharged to complete the medication at home with home health care. The 6-year-old is too unstable for discharge. The infant's bilirubin is too high for doing home health phototherapy and may need additional hydration. The adolescent is on sickle cell crisis and is not ready for discharge 1 day after admission.

To assess the sociocultural aspects of the family of an adolescent being seen in an ambulatory clinic, the nurse would try to find out more about: The mother's occupation. The mother's attitude toward citizenship. the adolescent's education level. Adolescent's family structure.

Adolescent's family structure. Explanation: Family structure is a characteristic strongly influenced by culture and ethnicity.

The nurse is preparing to discuss birthing options with a 25-year-old female who is in a low-risk pregnancy with one older child. Which option will be best for the nurse to recommend for this client? Home setting Birthing center Hospital Any birthing settings

Any birthing settings Explanation: When a woman is low-risk and has no known medical needs, birth location is the choice of the mother. Home births attended with certified nurse midwives are less likely to have complications and require interventions. Birthing centers are an option for an alternative birth setting, and hospitals are required birth locations for women with potential needs or complications. The nurse should present the advantages and disadvantages of each option and allow the client to make the decision.

You see a 3-year-old girl in an ambulatory clinic because she has a bad cold. Her mother tells you the girl's problem was caused by her being affected by "mal ojo." What would be the best action? Tell her mother this is not a legitimate illness. Teach her mother that colds are caused by viruses. Ask her mother what symptoms her daughter is experiencing. Explain there is nothing to do for illnesses caused by evil spirits.

Ask her mother what symptoms her daughter is experiencing. Explanation: Respecting cultural values is important for effective nurse-client relationships.

A nurse is visiting the home of a mother and her newborn. The woman's family members are present when the nurse arrives. What is the nurse's best approach to the situation? Assess the family members' interactions with the newborn and one another. Do brief maternal and infant assessments with the family members present. Reschedule the assessment visit for another time without family present. Ask the family to leave to meet to perform the assessments privately.

Assess the family members' interactions with the newborn and one another. Explanation: The philosophy of family-centered care recognizes the family as the constant. The health and functioning of the family affect the health of the client and other members of the family. Family members support one another well beyond the health care provider's brief time with them, such as during the birth process or during a child's illness.

Advocacy for the client is an important aspect of community-based nursing. What is one way a nurse can advocate for a pediatric client? Assist the family to apply for Medicaid or other forms of health care reimbursement. Report a new case of whooping cough to the county health authorities. Arrange for educational events for the local hospital staff. Assure a young mother that the nurse will not report the suspicious bruises on her toddler to social services.

Assist the family to apply for Medicaid or other forms of health care reimbursement. Explanation: The nurse working in a community setting may often develop a long-standing relationship with families because of the continuous nature of client contact in an outpatient, school, or other setting. This type of relationship may allow the nurse to advocate for the client on a broader scale in health and welfare issues. Examples of interventions include helping the family apply for Medicaid or other forms of health care reimbursement. Reporting new cases of whooping cough is done to state authorities, not county authorities, and is not considered advocating for a client. Arranging educational events for the local hospital staff is not a community-based function. Assuring a mother that the bruises on her toddler will not be reported to social services—when it is mandated that any suspected case of child violence be reported—is not advocating for the child.

The primary health care provider has recommended a client consult a nutritionist for specialized care. The nurse, by providing a list of referrals to the client, is providing which service? Client advocacy Community-based nursing Primary care Secondary prevention

Client advocacy Explanation: Client advocacy is speaking or acting on behalf of clients to help them gain greater independence and to make the health care delivery system more responsive and relevant to their needs. Community-based nursing focuses on prevention and is directed toward persons and families within a community. Primary care is the direct action of the primary care provider. Secondary prevention involves health screening activities that aid in early diagnosis and encourage prompt treatment before long-term negative effects occur.

A home care nurse is visiting a pregnant client from the Arab culture. During the health history the husband frequently answers questions for the client. How should the nurse respond? Continue with the health history. Stop the interview. Ask the husband to leave. Specifically ask the client to answer.

Continue with the health history. Explanation: In being culturally aware the nurse will recognize that the client and her husband come from a culture that is a patriarchal structure. The nurse should continue with the health history.

A nursing instructor is teaching the class about community-based nursing. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students correctly choose which activity as an example of tertiary prevention? Caring for new mothers and infants in a maternity clinic Identifying a child with pediculosis in an elementary school Ensuring the client attends physical therapy after orthopedic surgery Reviewing dietary habits with parents of a slightly anemic child

Ensuring the client attends physical therapy after orthopedic surgery Explanation: Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation activities and would be the focus of a nurse in an orthopedic clinic, aligning with the needs of the clients in that clinic. Orthopedic clients are typically recovering from injury or surgery and are in need of rehabilitation such as physical therapy. Secondary prevention includes health screening activities that aid in early diagnosis and encourage prompt treatment, such as screening for head lice in schools and reviewing dietary habits in individuals who are experiencing anemia. Primary prevention includes health promoting activities to prevent the development of illness or injury, such as new mothers bringing their infants to the clinic for follow-up well-child appointments.

The registered nurse (RN) and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) are caring for children from various cultures. Which action by the UAP will cause the RN to intervene? Allowing each child to select dietary items based on his or her culture and prescribed diet Researching various cultural beliefs during the UAP's assigned break Wearing gloves while assisting the client's with bathing Following the traditions of the UAP's own culture with each client

Following the traditions of the UAP's own culture with each client Explanation: Cultural competence, or respecting cultural differences, allows the health care providers to plan culturally competent care and the integration of cultural elements into care. Basing care on one's own culture and personal values is thinking that one's own culture is superior, which is a form of ethnocentrism. The RN would intervene if the UAP was noted performing this action. It is appropriate for the UAP to allow the clients to select foods and research cultures. Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment is not related to culture as this is a safety concern for the UAP.

The nurse is providing an educational program for the staff working at a homeless shelter. The program is focused on the impact of homelessness on children. What information should be included in the presentation? Select all that apply. Homeless children are at an increased risk for sexual abuse. A short period of uncertain housing is not detrimental as long as the family are able to remain available. Homeless children are at risk for developing chronic health problems. Acute health conditions are increased in homeless children. Having space in a shelter will neutralize the health risks to the homeless child.

Homeless children are at an increased risk for sexual abuse. Homeless children are at risk for developing chronic health problems. Acute health conditions are increased in homeless children. Explanation: Homelessness is a psychological and physiological stressor on the family unit. Children who are homeless are at an increase risk for both acute and chronic health concerns. Even when homeless families have beds in shelter settings these children and their parents are still at an elevated risk for health problems. Incidence of sexual abuse is increased in homeless children. Although the family unit may remain together, this does not minimize the overall risk of homelessness.

Which information is true of home care as a whole? It is decreasing because many new care measures are too technical for use in the home. It is increasing because new technology makes so many procedures available in the home. It is decreasing because the overall incidence of children's illnesses is decreasing in number. The amount of care remains even because only a limited number of nurses are available to give care.

It is increasing because new technology makes so many procedures available in the home. Explanation: Home care is expanding because it can offer advantages to both caregivers and consumers. New technology makes it successful.

A labor and birth nurse is admitting an adolescent client with her mother. The client appears to be upset, and the nurse wants to find out why. How should the nurse proceed? Select all that apply. Ask another nurse to sit in and participate. Make note of the client's and parent's nonverbal expressions. Maintain eye contact throughout the discussion. Stand opposite the family and lean slightly back during the discussion. During the discussion maintain an open posture, with arms uncrossed.

Make note of the client's and parent's nonverbal expressions. Maintain eye contact throughout the discussion. During the discussion maintain an open posture, with arms uncrossed. Explanation: Guidelines for appropriate nonverbal communication include maintaining a relaxed and open posture, with the arms uncrossed. The nurse should sit opposite the family and lean forward slightly, maintaining eye contact. The nurse should also note the child's or parent's posture, eye contact, and facial expressions. Asking another nurse to sit in on the discussion will not enhance the client-nurse relationship.

The nursing instructor is teaching a session outlining the necessary skills of a community nurse. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students correctly choose which factor as the foundation of all nursing care? Communication Nursing process Teaching Case management

Nursing process Explanation: The nursing process serves as the foundation of nursing care in the community, just as it does in a health care facility. Communication and teaching are parts of the nursing process. Case management is necessary to coordinate care and implement the nursing process.

A family with preschool-aged children is discussing ways to preserve their cultural heritage. Which suggestions by the community health nurse may help the family preserve the culture? Select all that apply. Plan a traditional food night once a week. Have the children bring their friends of another culture over so everyone can share what they know about their family culture. Once a week, have a night when family members speak only the native language. Locate a political organization made up of people from the same cultural background and join the group. Locate some books that describe the culture and read them as a family.

Plan a traditional food night once a week. Have the children bring their friends of another culture over so everyone can share what they know about their family culture. Once a week, have a night when family members speak only the native language. Locate some books that describe the culture and read them as a family. Explanation: Suggestions to help a family preserve their heritage traditions may include planning a traditional food night once per week; encouraging children to invite friends for the meal and discuss the traditions behind the various foods; reserving one night per week when family members speak only the native language; and finding books for children written by authors from the culture or that positively describe the culture. Families can read the books together and discuss the story. Older children may understand the importance of being involved in political organizations; however, this is not a good choice for younger children.

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about the various options available to provide nursing care in a community. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students correctly choose which action as the primary focus of home care nursing? Provide care based on insurance coverage. Teach and supervise caregivers. Provide direct client care. Act as a liaison between health care provider and family.

Provide direct client care. Explanation: The primary focus of home care nursing is to provide direct care. Teaching and supervising caregivers and acting as a liaison between the health care provider and family are additional functions of the home care nurse that support the direct care. The nurse should be aware of potential insurance restrictions so that other options may be explored if insurance will not cover specific treatments or medications that the health care provider has determined essential to the client. In these instances, the nurse can then act as the advocate to help find the necessary resources the client may need.

Which intervention best demonstrates the L & D nurse is respectful of a client who is deaf and in early labor? Write down information on a piece of paper that the client can keep. Seek assistance from another health care professional who can converse in sign language. Utilize the labor coach so he or she can interpret and relay information to the client. Utilize hand signals like in charades to try to communicate important pieces of information.

Seek assistance from another health care professional who can converse in sign language. Explanation: Cultural differences occur across not only different ethnic backgrounds but also different sociodemographic groups. A parent who has been deaf since birth, for example, expects her deaf culture to be respected by having health care professionals locate a sign language interpreter for her while she is in labor. If an interpreter cannot be located, writing down questions and answers is an alternative, assuming the parent has the ability to read and comprehend while dealing with labor contractions. Use of friends and family members is not considered to be the best option since many family/friends find it difficult to interpret medical terms. Hand signals can help in an emergency; however, it not the best way to interpret questions/comments from a laboring woman who is deaf.

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client of Muslim faith. Which action demonstrates an understanding of providing culturally competent care? The client is asked to encourage family members to bring in special foods. The client's traditional healing and health practices will be assessed for implementation. The client is asked if there are any meal preferences to be included in the care plan. The client will be referred to the hospital chaplain for spiritual support.

The client is asked if there are any meal preferences to be included in the care plan. Explanation: It is important for all nurses to incorporate the client's traditional healing and health practices with conventional medicine. Some clients may prefer certain foods or drinks when they are ill. Diets may be different and need to be considered during the process of determining the appropriate course of treatment. Family members may not be able to bring in foods necessary for the client. Nurses should be competent in their ability to provide care to diverse populations without referrals.

The home care nurse visited a newly assigned primigravida client with preeclampsia. When conducting the assessment and teaching, the client continued to cry and state she was in disbelief this was happening to her. When should the nurse schedule the second visit with the client? In seven days; the order was for once a week. The next day; the client is not coping well. In three days; this is a halfway point in the week. In five days; this will allow the client to adjust.

The next day; the client is not coping well. Explanation: The client is in a state of disbelief regarding the diagnosis. The nurse will need to assess to see if the teaching that was conducted was retained and to evaluate whether this client is an appropriate client for home care.

A nursing student is exploring community-based nursing as a career focus. The nurse is prepared to prioritize which activity as a primary focus? Wellness Cost containment Rehabilitation Emergency care

Wellness Explanation: The community-based nurse is in a unique position of health promotion for the community. Wellness is health promotion and aligns with the holistic practice of the community-based nurse. Cost containment, rehabilitation, and emergency care are the responsibility of direct care facilities.

The nurse is concluding her initial visit with a client at 28 weeks' gestation on bedrest for premature rupture of membranes. What information should the nurse consider when determining the timing of the next home visit? the location of the home client's type of health insurance amount of supervision and health education needed by the client the home visit schedule and needs of the agency to plan the visit

amount of supervision and health education needed by the client Explanation: The nurse should complete an assessment on the client to include the amount of education and ability of the client to understand the health care provider's orders. The nurse should allow the agency to work with the insurance company, and the location of the home should not influence the decision of the nurse.

A community-based nurse has a different set of skills than those of counterparts who work in a hospital. Community-based nurses also face unique issues and challenges. What is one of the unique aspects of community-based nursing? teamwork disease-oriented autonomous action less holistic focus

autonomous action Explanation: Community-based nursing practice is autonomous. There are often no other members of the health care team to consult, or no members within the area to consult with. Teamwork is important in community-based nursing, but it is not a unique aspect of this type of nursing. Disease orientation is the medical model of health care. Community-based nursing takes in all aspects of the client, including community aspects such as education—not just the disease process. Therefore, it is more holistic rather than less holistic.

A primary care provider tells a pregnant woman with slightly elevated blood pressure to return home on bed rest until her next scheduled checkup. This is an example of which type of care? home care skilled home care hospice care community care

home care Explanation: This is an example of home care, or care of persons in their own home. Hospice care relates to end-of-life care and care of those with chronic illnesses who are not expected to get any better. Skilled care requires treatments such as administering IV medications, enteral feedings, and dressing changes. Community care relates to care of individuals and/or groups of people living in a specific geographical area.

The nurse is assessing an infant girl at her first well-baby visit. The nurse also observes the actions of the 6-year-old brother and parents who share that she was the best anniversary present they received this year. Which type of family will the nurse conclude these individuals represent? cohabitation adoptive immediate extended

immediate Explanation: An immediate family is defined as consisting of parents and children. An extended family consists of one or more nuclear families plus other relatives, often crossing generations to include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. In the cohabitation family, couples live together but are not married. The children in this family may be children of earlier unions, or they may be a result of this union. The adoptive family is created when parents take in children who are not biologically theirs but raise them as if they were.

A nurse doing an admission assessment on a new Chinese American client notices that the client will not make eye contact. The most likely reason for this is that it: is a sign of respect. is a sign of disrespect. implies the client is not interested. implies the client wants to avoid the nurse.

is a sign of respect. Explanation: Whether people look at one another when talking is culturally determined. Chinese Americans, for example, may not make eye contact during a conversation. This social custom shows respect for the position of the health care provider and is a compliment and not an avoidance issue.

A laboring client, 2 cm dilated and 50% effaced, is screaming in pain. The nurse caring for this client recognizes this woman's response to pain should be documented using which label? low pain threshold high pain tolerance lack of pain control inappropriate response to pain

low pain threshold Explanation: A person's response to pain is both individually and culturally determined. The pain threshold is the point at which the individual reports a stimulus is painful. Pain tolerance is the point at which an individual withdraws from a stimulus. Lack of pain control and inappropriate response to pain reflects the nurse's individual bias.

A nurse is caring for a Turkish American client. The nurse understands that there could be major cultural differences between herself and the client. The nurse contemplates assigning this client to a staff member who is of the same culture as the client. What is a potential consequence? stereotyping of the client ensuring better care and understanding helping in assessing client's culture building a better nurse-client relationship

stereotyping of the client Explanation: A nurse who thinks stereotypically may assign a client to a staff member who is of the same culture as the client because the nurse assumes that all people of that culture are alike. The nurse also may believe that clients with the same skin color may react in the same manner in similar social situations. Because stereotypes are preconceived ideas unsupported by facts, they may not be real or accurate. In fact, they can be dangerous because they are dehumanizing and interfere with accepting others as unique individuals.

A nurse working at a child health clinic is involved in primary prevention activities. Which activity will the nurse perform in this role? teaching about healthy food choices performing hearing screenings reviewing laboratory test results assisting with physical therapy exercises after knee surgery

teaching about healthy food choices Explanation: Primary prevention involves health-promoting activities to prevent the development of illness or injury, such as teaching about healthy food choices. This level of prevention includes giving information regarding safety, diet, rest, exercise, and disease prevention through immunizations and emphasizes the nursing roles of the educator and client advocate. Secondary prevention focuses on health screening activities that aid in early diagnosis and encourage prompt treatment before long-term negative effects arise, such as hearing screenings and reviewing laboratory test results. Tertiary prevention involves health-promoting activities that focus on rehabilitation, such as physical therapy exercises after surgery, and providing information to prevent further injury or illness.

The parents of a child with a chronic illness are seeking educational opportunities for their child. What factor(s) will the nurse advise the parents to explore to help the parents with their goal? Select all that apply. whether the child would benefit from a home education program accessibility accommodations available at the school type of classroom the child will be placed in whether the child requires treatments during the school day child's capability for learning in a standard classroom

whether the child would benefit from a home education program accessibility accommodations available at the school type of classroom the child will be placed in whether the child requires treatments during the school day Explanation: The parents of a child with chronic illness have many difficult decisions when it comes to meeting the educational needs of the child. Included in these decisions is the availability of appropriate educational facilities. The parents must decide between in-person school or home school, depending on the child's needs. If the parent chooses a school building, the parents will need to determine whether this building has the necessary accessibility accommodations. When meeting with school personnel, the parents should feel the child would be accepted; check whether the school nurse will be available to administer medications and provide treatments; and ask whether the child's needs would result in the child being placed in an open or a segregated classroom. The nurse would discuss with the parents that all children are capable of learning, but their child's learning may need to be adapted and the child does not need to learn in a standard classroom.

The nurse is caring for a child from a different culture. Which statement(s) by the nurse demonstrates an understanding of how culture impacts a client? Select all that apply. "Culture can impact who a client chooses to see for health care needs." "Culture can impact the diet a client follows." "When a client moves to a different city, the client follows the cultural practices that are prevalent in the new city." "A client's cultural beliefs can impact spirituality and/or religion." "A client's cultural beliefs should be incorporated into the care a client receives.

"Culture can impact who a client chooses to see for health care needs." "Culture can impact the diet a client follows." "A client's cultural beliefs can impact spirituality and/or religion." "A client's cultural beliefs should be incorporated into the care a client receives. Explanation: Culture is a set of traditions and beliefs held by groups of people. Beliefs, diet, language, values, religion and spirituality are included in culture. Some cultures utilize folk healers to provide health care. The nurse should incorporate a client's beliefs as much as possible into care. When a client moves to a different location, the client tends to bring cultural beliefs and does not necessarily follow all the cultural practices of the new location.

The pediatric nurse assists the parents of a 26-month-old child newly diagnosed with childhood diabetes. Which statements and questions by the nurse would be appropriate to help the parents grasp the necessary care information? Select all that apply. "Do you have a support system for you and your family in your community?" "Tell me how your baby's illness has affected your life." "What do you already know about your baby's illness?" "There is an informative lecture on childhood diabetes to attend today." "I will leave the learning materials on childhood diabetes for you to read overnight."

"Do you have a support system for you and your family in your community?" "Tell me how your baby's illness has affected your life." "What do you already know about your baby's illness?" Explanation: Components of learning needs assessment are to find out learner characteristics: the child and family's life and support systems in their community and how the child's illness has affected it; what the parents already know; how the family learns best; and the family's preferred learning methods.

A nurse is uncomfortable caring for a pregnant client who is married to her female life partner. The best advice another nurse can give her would include which statement? "Spend some time self-reflecting why this family difference might be bothering you." "Maybe you should take another nursing course that focuses on cultural competencies; then you might have a better feeling caring for this family." "If you can just put on your happy face and focus on the baby rather than the parents, you will be able to care for all families." "Maybe it would be best if you don't care for this group of families and focus on caring for the classic husband and wife team."

"Spend some time self-reflecting why this family difference might be bothering you." Explanation: There are some major barriers for health care providers when caring for individuals who are different from them. One of these barriers is the potential for personal bias. This barrier can only be addressed through self-reflection, trying to understand why these differences might be bothersome, and setting those feelings aside while taking care of clients. A cultural nursing course might be beneficial, but it will not help in the meantime. Pretending to be okay with the family differences will not deal with the problem. Ignoring feelings by working only with traditional family units will not solve the problem in the long term.

A community-based nurse is part of an agency sponsoring a booth at a local health fair. An acute care nurse comes up to the booth and asks the community-based nurse, "How is your practice different from practice in a hospital?" Which response(s) by the community-based nurse would be appropriate? Select all that apply. "In the community, we rely on other disciplines for decision-making." "We are more autonomous when providing client care." "We tend to address the client's needs more holistically." "Our major focus is on illness and treatment." "We care for clients over a longer span of time."

"We are more autonomous when providing client care." "We tend to address the client's needs more holistically." "We care for clients over a longer span of time." Explanation: Unlike the hospital setting, community-based nursing practice is autonomous and the nurse is often called on to be self-reliant. Community practice tends to be more holistic and focuses on wellness rather than illness. In addition, the nurse in a community-based setting sees the client over time.

The nurse is teaching discipline strategies to the parents of a 4-year-old boy. Which response from the parents indicates a need for more teaching? "We should remove temptations that lead to bad behavior." "We must explain how we expect him to behave." "We should let him know he makes us angry with bad behavior." "We must praise him for good behavior."

"We should let him know he makes us angry with bad behavior." Explanation: The response "We should let him know he makes us angry with bad behavior" indicates the need to restate how it is important to let the child know that it is not him, but rather his behavior, that is bad. Removing temptations, setting expectations, and praising good behavior are concepts the parents have expressed learning. Add a Note

The nurse evaluates a family to see if they are a good candidate for home care for a sick child. Which factor would be most important to see in the prospective family's home? Nearby fire department A one-floor building plan A dedicated home-care provider An above-average income

A dedicated home-care provider Explanation: Home care is successful only if there is a family member able to assume primary care of the child.

Personal space and distance is a cultural perspective that can impact nurse-client interactions. What is the best way for the nurse to interact with a client who has a different cultural perspective on space and distance? Allow the client to adopt a position that is comfortable for him or her. Realize that sitting close to the client is an indication of warmth and caring. Adopt a cultural preference similar to that of the client. Remember not to intrude into the personal space of the elderly.

Allow the client to adopt a position that is comfortable for him or her. Explanation: If the client appears to position himself or herself too close or too far away, the nurse should consider cultural preferences for space and distance. Ideally, the client should be permitted to assume a position that is comfortable to him or her in terms of personal space and distance. "Realizing" and "remembering" are not interactions. It is also incorrect to attempt to adopt someone else's cultural preference as this can be very uncomfortable for the nurse, which adds a barrier to nurse-client interactions.

The nurse is preparing a prenatal seminar for young mothers. Which type of information should the nurse gather to ensure success of the program? Who will be accompanying the mother Approximate education level of the participants Names of each of the participants Incomes of each of the participants

Approximate education level of the participants Explanation: When teaching a group of clients, the nurse should seek demographic information, such as the education level of the participants, to help develop an appropriate teaching plan for the group. This is an impersonal group, so learning who is accompanying the mothers, their names, or their incomes is not appropriate.

A Japanese client refuses to eat food from the hospital cafeteria since that food is not in her normal diet. Which action will the nurse implement regarding nutritional needs for this client? Call the cafeteria and ask them to send up sushi and a salad. Go to the break room and share some donuts with the woman. Bring some fast-food items to the client. Ask a family member to provide food that is appealing culturally.

Ask a family member to provide food that is appealing culturally. Explanation: Foods and their methods of preparation are yet another area strongly related to culture. A typical Japanese diet, for example, includes many vegetables such as bean sprouts, broccoli, mushrooms, water chestnuts, and alfalfa. The nurse should encourage a family member to provide food that is appealing culturally, Assuming the woman eats sushi without verification is inappropriate. Providing donuts or fast-food, though a nice gesture, is not appropriate for this situation.

What is a key element of providing family-centered care? Communicate specific health information. Be in control of the way care is given. Give only the health information that is necessary while providing care. Avoid cultural issues by providing care in a standardized fashion.

Communicate specific health information. Explanation: Key elements in the provision of family-centered care include demonstrating interpersonal sensitivity, providing general health information and being a valuable resource, communicating specific health information, and treating people respectfully. Giving as much control as possible to the client and his or her family is essential in family-centered care. The nurse should give all the health information, both good and bad, that the client or the family requests and be culturally sensitive to the client and the family.

A nurse is teaching a new mother about self-care measures. Which action would the nurse do as the final step in this process? Document the teaching and effectiveness. Reassess the teaching plan. Develop goals for the future. Reinforce positive behavioral changes.

Document the teaching and effectiveness. Explanation: The steps of client and family education are similar to the steps of the nursing process: the nurse must assess, diagnosis, plan, implement, and evaluate. Part of the evaluation process is to document all actions taken and outcomes achieved.

A nurse is assisting a client with breastfeeding. The client does not speak the same language as the nurse. What action will the nurse take when engaging the services of an interpreter? Use any family member who can interpret. Establish a rapport with the interpreter. Speak only through the interpreter. Use an interpreter only in an emergency.

Establish a rapport with the interpreter. Explanation: When working with an interpreter to maximize teaching efforts, it is essential that the nurse establish a rapport with the interpreter first. Using a family member is not acceptable, especially for a teaching session. The nurse will speak to the client, not directly to the interpreter. An interpreter may be used at any time, not just in an emergency.

The nurse is teaching a family about the benefits of circumcising their male neonate. The parents decline this procedure. How does this decision reflect the use of the family-centered approach by the nurse? It empowers the family to make their own decision. It applies the ethical principle of beneficence. Education about circumcision is provided to both parents. Evidence-based research is presented to the parents about circumcision.

It empowers the family to make their own decision. Explanation: Family-centered care empowers the family to make their own decisions regarding care. The power of control becomes the family's, not the nurse's. This decision also takes into consideration the family's beliefs and culture. Beneficence is the act of being kind or helping someone. This term does not apply to this situation. Evidence-based information about circumcision may have been used for teaching, but allowing the family empowerment to make decisions about their health care exemplifies the family-centered approach.

The nurse arrives for a home care visit to a client with gestational diabetes. Which action will the nurse take next? Walk into the home and announce that they are here. Knock on the door or ring the bell and wait for someone to say come in. Call the client on the phone to ask someone to open the door. Phone the agency to call the client to say that the nurse is at the door.

Knock on the door or ring the bell and wait for someone to say come in. Explanation: Upon arrival at a client's home, the nurse should knock or ring the bell and wait for someone to physically or verbally invite the nurse to enter. Walking in without permission could be interpreted as a home invasion. Calling the client on phone, either by the nurse or via the agency, may be an option if for some reason there was no response with knocking or ringing the bell. For example, the client or caregiver did not hear the knock/bell or no one was available to let the nurse in.

Which concept characterizes transcultural nursing? Performing health-related activities and restoring wellness Acknowledging that clients with the same skin have similar social situations Planning care compatible with the client's health belief system Influencing culture by specific conditions related to an environment

Planning care compatible with the client's health belief system Explanation: Planning care compatible with the client's health belief system is a characteristic of transcultural nursing. Acknowledging that clients with the same skin color have similar social situations leads to stereotyping. Stereotyping can be dangerous because it is dehumanizing and also interferes in accepting others as unique individuals. Culture is influenced by specific conditions related to environment. Performing health-related activities and restoring wellness is an important aspect of nursing and does not only pertain to transcultural nursing.

The nurse is preparing to teach a drug education class at a local elementary school. The nurse is focused on providing which type of care to the community? Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Preventive care

Primary prevention Explanation: Primary prevention is promotion of healthy activities and includes education concerning safety, diet, rest, exercise, and disease prevention. Secondary prevention focuses on health screening activities that aid in early diagnosis and encourage prompt treatment. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and instruction on ways to prevent further injury or illness. "Preventive care" is not considered a specific category but is a general function that encompasses all three levels.

A homeless client diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV) is seen in the maternity clinic requesting a pregnancy test. Which nursing action would be the best example of the secondary level of prevention? Arrange for her to have the HPV vaccination. Send a referral to social work for adequate housing assessment. Suggest she have a Papanicolaou test. Discuss with her the need for folic acid supplementation.

Suggest she have a Papanicolaou test. Explanation: Secondary prevention is the early detection and treatment of adverse health conditions and is aimed at halting the disease. Health screenings are the mainstay of secondary prevention. Papanicolaou tests are at this level of prevention. Primary prevention encompasses immunizations, and as she is already infected with HPV, the vaccine would not be effective. The referral for social work and the use of folic acid supplements while pregnant are examples of primary prevention.

A pregnant client arrives at the maternity clinic for a routine checkup. The client has been reading books on pregnancy and wants to know ways to prevent the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in her fetus. Which recommendation should the nurse offer the client to reduce the risk of NTDs for this fetus? Take vitamin E supplements 3 times per week. Take folic acid supplements each day. Increase consumption of legumes such as beans and peas. Consume citrus fruits every day to increase intake of vitamin C.

Take folic acid supplements each day. Explanation: The nurse should instruct the client to take folic acid supplements, as consumption of folic acid supplements reduces the risk of developing NTDs in the growing fetus. Taking vitamin E supplements and consuming legumes and citrus fruits regularly during pregnancy do not reduce the risk of developing NTDs.

The nurse is scheduled to work in a clinic in a neighborhood with many diverse cultures. Which action(s) by the nurse demonstrate cultural competence? Select all that apply. The nurse provides instructions to the mother only. The nurse asks the child or family about the use of folk remedies. The nurse learns about the demographic of the neighborhood. The nurse researches folk healers in the area. The nurse speaks to the father regarding health care decisions.

The nurse asks the child or family about the use of folk remedies. The nurse learns about the demographic of the neighborhood. The nurse researches folk healers in the area. Explanation: Cultural competence is the ability to apply knowledge about a child's culture so that health care interventions can be adapted to meet the needs of the child. It is crucial that the nurse remembers that diversity exists within cultures and this is as important as the diversity between cultures. Every child is a unique individual with his or her own beliefs, values, and history. Nurses need to avoid stereotyping, which can lead to misconceptions. The nurse should know about local culture-based health practices and how they may affect children, as well as the demographics of the local population. The nurse should inquire about client preferences, beliefs and values.

The emergency nurse is providing care for a pregnant woman admitted with a broken femur, blackened eye, and multiple contusions. She admits her partner is abusive. Which activity would be considered at the tertiary level of prevention? The nurse discusses with the client how to avoid her partner's triggers. The nurse asks the client to enroll in a self-defense class. The nurse contacts the crisis social worker for assistance. The nurse refers the client for an orthopedic assessment.

The nurse contacts the crisis social worker for assistance. Explanation: Tertiary prevention is designed to reduce or limit the progression of a permanent, irreversible disease or disability. Contacting a crisis social worker for immediate assistance is an example of tertiary care. The purpose of tertiary prevention is to restore individuals to their maximum potential. Tertiary prevention measures are supportive and restorative. When working with women who have suffered long-term consequences of violence, client education is the cornerstone of all disease management programs. The focus of the nurse would be to maximize the woman's strengths through education, to help her recover from the trauma and loss, and to build support systems. The other options are not examples of tertiary prevention.

A nurse is planning the discharge of a newborn to parents recently immigrated from Syria. Which action best indicates that the nurse provides culturally sensitive care? The nurse approaches the clients in a nonjudgmental way in an attempt to change the clients' cultural beliefs to the unit's beliefs. The nurse researches the clients' cultural characteristics and beliefs. The nurse encourages the continuation of cultural practices in their home setting. The nurse strives to keep the clients' cultural background from influencing their health needs.

The nurse researches the clients' cultural characteristics and beliefs. Explanation: Nurses must research and understand the cultural characteristics, values, and beliefs of the various people to whom they deliver care. To provide culturally appropriate care to diverse populations, nurses need to know, understand, and respect culturally influenced health behaviors.

A nurse teaching a prenatal class at the local hospital indicates to the group that the hospital has a "Family-Centered Care Maternity Unit." Which activities best illustrate the philosophy of this type of unit? Select all that apply. This refers to a partnership among all of the individuals involved to plan for maternity health care. It is an approach in which clients and their families are the main components of the maternity health care decision making. It is an approach in which clients are considered the integral components of the maternity health care decision making. It is based on mutual trust between the client and the maternity health care professional. The health and functioning of the family affect the health of the maternity client and other members of the family. It requires sensitivity to the client's and family's beliefs and those supporting their culture.

This refers to a partnership among all of the individuals involved to plan for maternity health care. It is an approach in which clients and their families are the main components of the maternity health care decision making. The health and functioning of the family affect the health of the maternity client and other members of the family. It requires sensitivity to the client's and family's beliefs and those supporting their culture. Explanation: Family-centered care refers to the collaborative partnership among the individual, family, and caregivers to determine goals, share information, offer support, and formulate plans for health care. It is an approach in which clients and their families are considered integral components of the health care decision-making and delivery processes. It is based on mutual trust and collaboration between women, children, families, and the health care professional. Family-centered care recognizes the family as the constant. The health and functioning of the family affect the health of the client and other members of the family. Family-centered care requires sensitivity to the client's and family's beliefs and those supporting their culture.

A nurse is addressing a group of women on the issue of women's health during their reproductive years. Which reason does the nurse provide regarding the need for comprehensive, community-centered care to women during this time period? Women have more health problems during their reproductive years. Increased stress causes more health problems during their reproductive years. A woman's immune system weakens immediately after birth. Women's health care needs change with their reproductive goals.

Women's health care needs change with their reproductive goals. Explanation: The nurse should inform the women that comprehensive community-centered care should be given to women during their reproductive years. This is because as their reproductive goals change, their health care needs change as well. A woman's immune system does not weaken immediately after birth. Similarly, women do not have more health problems specifically during their reproductive years, nor are they more susceptible to stress during their reproductive years

The nurse is educating the family of a 2-day old Chinese American boy with myelomeningocele about the disorder and its treatment. Which action involving an interpreter could jeopardize the family's trust in the health care providers? allowing too little time for the translation of health care terms using a person who is not a professional interpreter asking the interpreter questions not meant for the family using a relative to communicate with the parents

asking the interpreter questions not meant for the family Explanation: Asking questions or having private conversations with the interpreter may make the family uncomfortable and destroy the nurse/client relationship. Translation takes longer than a same-language explanation, and the family may need additional to clarify terms; this must be considered so that the family is not rushed. Use of a nonprofessional may result in some inaccuracy in translating medical terminology but should not impact the trust of the family. Using a relative can upset the family relationships or cause legal problems but also does not affect trust with the healthcare providers.

A 14-year-old tells the nurse that he feels like he can never live up to his parents' standards and that they won't even discuss their rules. What parenting style do this child's parents most likely practice? authoritative rejecting uninvolved authoritarian

authoritarian Explanation: The authoritarian parent expects obedience from the child and discourages the child from questioning the family's rules. This parenting style often causes negative effects on the child's self-esteem, happiness, and social skills and leads to increased aggression and defiance from the child.

A female client came to the clinic inquiring if there was a form of birth control that did not have a hormonal component. The client states that their mother had breast cancer and the client does not want to interfere with the natural hormonal process, even if the birth control has a higher failure rate. Which form of birth control would be the best option for this client? intrauterine device (IUD) vaginal estrogen/progestin (contraceptive) ring intramuscular injections cervical cap

cervical cap Explanation: The nurse will suggest a cervical cap as a nonhormonal form of birth control for female clients. A cervical cap is placed over the cervix and used with a spermicidal jelly. It is important to explain the process for insertion and failure rate so that the client understands the birth control method fully. The intrauterine device (IUD) is only used in a small number of women in the United States, possibly due to the need for the device to be fitted by a health care provider. Also, IUDs typically contain a hormone, but one form, with copper, is nonhormonal. A vaginal estrogen/progestin (contraceptive) ring continually releases estrogen and progesterone. Intramuscular injections include progesterone, which inhibits ovulation.

A pregnant woman with premature ruptured membranes is trying to decide whether home care might be the best option for her. Which advantage should the nurse mention to the client that is most pertinent to her condition? decreased exposure to infection prevention of disruption of the family lower cost for the health care delivery system prevention of social isolation

decreased exposure to infection Explanation: There may be an advantage of placing women with premature ruptured membranes on home care rather than hospital care because of the decreased exposure to infection in their own homes compared to hospitals. Although prevention of disruption to the family and lower cost for the health care delivery system may be advantages, they are not the most pertinent to the client's condition. Home care would be more likely to cause social isolation than prevent it.

When caring for a woman in her sixth month of pregnancy, the client reports her plans to nurse her baby for at least 2 to 3 years like the rest of the women in her family. Based upon the nurse's knowledge, the nurse should: advise her to be careful who she discusses this with as many will consider that a type of reportable child mistreatment. document her report but do nothing as this is a cultural belief that should be respected. encourage her to start the baby on formula after the first year as recommended by many health care providers. discuss how painful this will be once the baby has teeth.

document her report but do nothing as this is a cultural belief that should be respected. Explanation: Culturally specific decisions should be respected and incorporated into the plan of care.

A grandmother feels that it is important to teach the young woman in her family about reciting a lullaby to "call the child outside" of the woman's body during birth. Her goal is to pass this ritual down to the younger generation. What term best describes this process? acculturation assimilation ethnocentrism cultural competence

ethnocentrism Explanation: Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior to all others. Passing on cultural rituals would be considered a part of this. Acculturation refers to the loss of ethnic traditions because of disuse. Assimilation means people blend into the general population or adopt the values of the dominant culture; therefore, they would not pass on their rituals like the reciting of a lullaby. Cultural humility is a lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique that begins with an assessment of one's own beliefs.

A nurse is working at a community women's health clinic. The nurse is involved in primary prevention activities. Which activity would the nurse be performing? immunizations Papanicolaou (Pap) tests cholesterol monitoring fecal occult blood testing

immunizations Explanation: Primary prevention encompasses a vast array of areas, including nutrition, good hygiene, sanitation, immunizations, protection from ultraviolet rays, genetic counseling, bicycle helmets, handrails on bathtubs, drug education for school children, adequate shelter, smoking cessation, family planning, and the use of seat belts. Papanicolaou (Pap) tests, cholesterol monitoring, and fecal occult blood testing are examples of secondary prevention activities.

A high school nurse has noted several of the incoming freshmen are "only children" (they have no siblings). The nurse plans some "brown bag lunch discussions" for this group of students. Which topics should be addressed in these sessions? Select all that apply. managing stress getting a "failing" grade at school healthy eating 101 amount of sleep one should get daily when a favorite sports team loses

managing stress getting a "failing" grade at school when a favorite sports team loses Explanation: As children have fewer older sibling role models than in past generations (families are having fewer children), they may need more counseling in behaviors such as how to manage stress, how to survive a failing grade at school, or how to deal with a sports team's loss. Healthy eating and adequate sleep amounts pertain to all students, especially teens.

A woman who just gave birth tells the obstetrical nurse that her mother has noticed that so much has changed in maternity care in recent years. One change she could likely be referring to is: infections are prevented as births happen in highly advanced, sterile rooms. the family is now allowed to visit at prescribed visiting hours. the newborn stays in a newborn nursery for care to allow the mother to rest. newborns stay at the mother's bedside as long the infant is well.

newborns stay at the mother's bedside as long the infant is well. Explanation: There has been increased access to care for all women (regardless of their ability to pay) and many hospital redesigns of labor, birth, and recovery rooms and postpartum spaces aimed at keeping families together during the birth experience and minimizing interruptions. Rooming-in and liberal visiting policies allow parents and other family members to participate in the child's care. Births happen in birthing suites/rooms as opposed to sterile birth rooms. Family is allowed to visit at most times of the day and night. Rooming in with the newborn is considered standard care now.

The nurse volunteering at a homeless shelter to assist families with children identifies homelessness as a risk preventing families from achieving positive outcomes in life. What family theory encompasses this approach to assessing family dynamics? Duvall's developmental theory Friedman's structural functional theory Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation

resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation Explanation: The resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaption identified the elements of risks and protective factors that aid a family in achieving positive outcomes. Duvall's developmental theory described eight chronological stages with specific predictable tasks that each family completes. Friedman's structural functional theory identified five functions of families, and Von Bertalanffy's general system theory defined how families interact with and are influenced by, the members of their family and society.

When caring for woman who speaks a different language than one's own, the nurse must ask for an interpreter before having the client sign which forms to ensure clarity can be confirmed? Select all that apply. surgical permit dietary preferences end-of-life care consent to blood transfusions smoking cessation policy

surgical permit end-of-life care consent to blood transfusions Explanation: When caring for clients who speak a different dialect or language, the nurse should always ask them to repeat instruction to be certain it was interpreted correctly. The nurse should repeat what the client said so he or she can confirm understanding the nurse correctly. The nurse should not be reluctant to ask for an interpreter to help clarify forms, such as consent for blood transfusion, informed consent for surgery, or wishes regarding right-to-life care, as necessary. Dietary preferences and smoking cessation policy are not as important as the other forms that result in invasive procedures.

The term used to guide the cultural aspects of nursing care and respect individual differences is: diversity nursing. ethnicity nursing. family nursing. transcultural nursing

transcultural nursing. Explanation: Transcultural nursing is the nursing care method that is guided by cultural aspects and respects individual differences.