OB Study Guide

A pregnant woman at 25 weeks' gestation tells the nurse that she dropped a pan last week and her baby jumped at the noise. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

"Babies respond to sound starting at about 24 weeks of gestation."

The two primary areas of risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are:

Risky sexual behaviors and inadequate preventative health behaviors.

A nurse is preparing to administer epinephrine intravenously to a preterm newborn. The newborn weighs 1,500 g, and the primary care provider prescribes 0.1 mL/kg. How much would the nurse administer?

0.15mL

A male client asks the nurse why it is better to purchase condoms that are not lubricated with nonoxynol-9 (a common spermicide). The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"Nonoxynol-9 does not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections, as originally thought; it has also been linked to an increase in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and can cause genital lesions."

A couple is trying to cope with an infertility problem. They want to know what they can do to preserve their emotional equilibrium. The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"Get involved with a support group. I'll give you some names."

Which symptom described by a patient is characteristic of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

"I feel irritable and moody a week before my period is supposed to start."

A young woman arrives at the emergency department and states that she thinks she has been raped. She is sobbing and expresses disbelief that this could happen because the man was her best friend. In an effort to calm the client in order to perform a thorough assessment and physical examination, the nurse acknowledges the client's fear and anxiety and tells her:

"Rape is not limited to strangers and frequently occurs by someone who is known to the victim."

A healthy 60-year-old African-American woman regularly receives her health care at the clinic in her neighborhood. She is due for a mammogram. At her previous clinic visit, her physician, concerned about the 3-week wait at the neighborhood clinic, made an appointment for her to have a mammogram at a teaching hospital across town. She did not keep her appointment and returned to the clinic today to have the nurse check her blood pressure. What would be the most appropriate statement for the nurse to make to this patient?

"Would you like me to make an appointment for you to have your mammogram here?"

A father and mother are carriers of phenylketonuria (PKU). Their 2-year-old daughter has PKU. The couple tells the nurse that they are planning to have a second baby. Because their daughter has PKU, they are sure that their next baby won't be affected. What response by the nurse is most accurate?

"You are both carriers, so each baby has a 25% chance of being affected.

A woman inquiry about herbal alternative methods for improving fertility. Which statement by the nurse is the most appropriate when instructing the client in which herbal preparations to avoid while trying to conceive?

"You may want to avoid licorice root, lavender, fennel sage, and thyme while you are trying to conceive."

A woman is using the basal body temperature (BBT) method of contraception. She calls the clinic and tells the nurse, "My period is due in a few days, and my temperature has not gone up." The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"You probably didn't ovulate during this cycle."

Autoimmune disorders often occur during pregnancy because a large percentage of women with an autoimmune disorder are of childbearing age. Identify all disorders that fall into the category of collagen vascular disease.

-Antiphospholipid syndrome -Systemic lupus erythematosus -Myasthenia graves -Rheumatoid arthritis

It is important that nurses include a discussion about teratogens in their prenatal discussions to help prevent deformities or abnormalities. Which substances would the nurse include as teratogens? Select all that apply.

-Caustic chemicals -Certain medications -Alcohol

Asymmetric fetal growth restriction includes:

-Cognitive deficiencies -Insult occurred at less than 28 weeks of gestation

What type of vaccinations can pregnant women receive?

-TDAP -Flu -Hep B

Since the gene for cystic fibrosis was identified in 1989, data can be collected for the purposes of genetic counseling for couples regarding carrier status. According to statistics, how often does cystic fibrosis occur in Caucasian live births?

1 in 3000

The fetus starts making its own insulin around the _____ week

10 weeks

While working with the pregnant woman in her first trimester, the nurse is aware that chorionic villus sampling (CVS) can be performed during pregnancy at:

10 weeks

The nurse works at a cancer treatment center working with clients with a diagnosis of vaginal cancer. The nurse understands that these clients have what percent of chance of being diagnosed with another form of cancer?

80%

A client is trying to understand how she could have cervical cancer if all of her previous Pap smears were negative. When responding to the client, the nurse integrates understanding that false negative rates of the conventional Pap smear occur at what rate?

20%

A key finding from the Human Genome Project is:

20,500 genes make up the genome.

Physiologic stress on the heart is greatest between week _____ and _____ weeks of gestation because of the cardiac output is at its peak.

25-30

At approximately _____ weeks of gestation, lecithin is forming on the alveolar surfaces, the eyelids open, and the fetus measures approximately 27 cm crown to rump and weighs approximately 1110 g.

28 weeks

The measurement of lecithin in relation to sphingomyelin (L/S ratio) is used to determine fetal lung maturity. Which ratio reflects maturity of the lungs?

2:1

The nurse recognizes that the group of infants born during which time frame are at a higher risk for morbidity and mortality?

34-37 weeks

The nurse is concerned that a newborn is hypoglycemic. Which blood glucose level would support the nurse's suspicion?

35 mg/dL (Below 40 is considered hypoglycemic)

An 18-year-old client presents to the office reporting severe lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound reveals an ovarian cyst. The client asks, "Is the cyst benign?" The nurse responds, explaining that ovarian cysts are benign approximately how often?

90% of the time

The nurse should know that once human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters the body, seroconversion to HIV positivity usually occurs within:

6 to 8 weeks

A woman with gestational diabetes has had little or no experience reading and interpreting glucose levels. She shows the nurse her readings for the past few days. Which one should the nurse tell her indicates a need for adjustment (insulin or sugar)?

60 mg/dL just after waking up from a nap. This is too low; maybe eat a snack before going to sleep.

The patient that you are caring for has severe preeclampsia and is receiving a magnesium sulfate infusion. You become concerned after assessment when the woman exhibits:

A respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min

Which patient is most at risk for fibroadenoma of the breast?

A 16-year-old girl

Leiomyoma

A common cause of excessive bleeding

Some of the embryo's intestines remain within the umbilical cord during the embryonic period because the:

Abdomen is too small to contain all of the organs while they are developing.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The signs of NEC are nonspecific. Some generalized signs include:

Abdominal distention, temperature instability, and grossly blood stools

A pregnant woman presents in labor at term, having had no prenatal care. After birth, her infant is noted to be small for gestational age with small eyes and a thin upper lip. The infant also is microcephalic. On the basis of her infant's physical findings, this woman should be questioned about her use of which substance during pregnancy?

Alcohol

The abuse of which of the following substances during pregnancy is the leading cause of cognitive impairment in the United States?

Alcohol

Assessment reveals that a young mother has several risk factors for delivering an infant with neural tube defect. Which laboratory test would the nurse expect to be used to monitor the fetus for this birth defect?

Alpha-fetoprotein levels. (This level becomes elevated in amniotic fluid and maternal serum)

A nurse is assessing a preterm newborn's status based on the understanding that the newborn is at greatest risk for which complication?

Atelectasis

With regard to violence against women, intimate partner violence (IPV) nurses should be aware that:

Economic coercion is considered part of IPV

As related to the care of the patient with anemia, the nurse should be aware that:

It is the most common medical disorder of pregnancy.

A maternity nurse should be aware of which fact about the amniotic fluid?

It serves as a source of oral fluid and a repository for waste from the fetus.

On vaginal examination of a 30-year-old woman, the nurse documents the following findings: profuse, thin, grayish white vaginal discharge with a "fishy" odor; complaint of pruritus. On the basis of these findings, the nurse suspects that this woman has:

Bacterial vaginosis (BV)

Acute idiopathic facial paralysis that can occur during pregnancy

Bell palsy

A 41-week pregnant multigravida presents in the labor and delivery unit after a nonstress test indicated that her fetus could be experiencing some difficulties in utero. Which diagnostic tool would yield more detailed information about the fetus?

Biophysical profile (BPP)

Metrorrhagia

Bleeding between periods

The nurse is assessing the knowledge of new parents with a child born with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). This is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder, which means that:

Both genes of a pair must be abnormal for the disorder to be expressed.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acute inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal mucosa that can progress to perforation of the bowel. Approximately 2% to 5% of premature infants succumb to this fatal disease. Care is supportive; however, known interventions may decrease the risk of NEC. To develop an optimal plan of care for this infant, the nurse must understand which intervention has the greatest effect on lowering the risk of NEC:

Breastfeeding

Premature infants who exhibit 5 to 10 seconds of respiratory pauses followed by 10 to 15 seconds of compensatory rapid respiration are:

Breathing in a respiratory pattern common to premature infants.

A 19-year-old female presents in advanced labor. Examination reveals the fetus is in frank breech position. You explain to the client this means which of the following?

Buttocks are presenting first with both legs extended up toward the face.

Concerning the use and abuse of legal drugs or substances, nurses should be aware that:

Caucasian women are more likely to experience alcohol-related problems.

The drug of choice for treatment of gonorrhea is:

Ceftriaxone

Nafarelin is currently used as a treatment for mild-to-severe endometriosis. The nurse should tell a woman taking this medication that the drug:

Can cause her to experience some hot flashes and vaginal dryness.

Nurses should be aware that chronic hypertension:

Can occur independently of or simultaneously with gestational hypertension.

The nurse providing care in a women's health care setting must be aware regarding which sexually transmitted infection that can be successfully treated and cured?

Chlamydia

When evaluating a patient for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the nurse should be aware that the most common bacterial STI is:

Chlamydia

The _____ is/are responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport to and from the maternal bloodstream.

Chorionic villi

Preconception counseling is critical to the outcome of diabetic pregnancies because poor glycemic control before and during early pregnancy is associated with:

Congenital anomalies in the fetus.

A nurse is trying to assist her client in dealing with her newly diagnosed cervical cancer, but the client is not wanting to discuss it. The nurse needs to understand that this may be due to what?

Cultural background (Decisions about treatment are often influenced by an individual's cultural values and how the community view cancer)

With regard to the association of maternal diabetes and other risk situations affecting mother and fetus, nurses should be aware that:

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can lead to fetal death at any time during pregnancy.

In planning for the care of a 30-year-old woman with pre-gestational diabetes, the nurse recognizes that the most important factor affecting pregnancy outcome is the:

Degree of glycemic control during pregnancy.

A nurse working in the newborn nursery hears an innocent murmur on auscultation of a 24-hour-old infant's chest. The nurse recognizes this as most likely the result of which condition?

Delayed fetal shunt closure

A pregnant woman has been receiving a magnesium sulfate infusion for treatment of severe preeclampsia for 24 hours. On assessment the nurse finds the following vital signs: temperature of 37.3° C, pulse rate of 88 beats/min, respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min, blood pressure (BP) of 148/90 mm Hg, absent deep tendon reflexes, and no ankle clonus. The client complains, "I'm so thirsty and warm." The nurse:

Discontinues the magnesium sulfate infusion

The nurse is providing genetic counseling for an expectant couple who already have a child with trisomy 18. The nurse should:

Discuss options with the couple, including amniocentesis to determine whether the fetus is affected.

The most common neurologic disorder accompanying pregnancy is:

Epilepsy

Although remarkable developments have occurred in reproductive medicine, assisted reproductive therapies are associated with numerous legal and ethical issues. Nurses can provide accurate information about the risks and benefits of treatment alternatives so couples can make informed decisions about their choice of treatment. Which issue would not need to be addressed by an infertile couple before treatment?

Financial ability to cover the cost of treatment

Which diagnostic test is used to confirm a suspected diagnosis of breast cancer?

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA)

A woman has a thick, white, lumpy, cottage cheese-like discharge, with patches on her labia and in her vagina. She complains of intense pruritus. The nurse practitioner would order which preparation for treatment?

Fluconazole

The nurse must be cognizant that an individual's genetic makeup is known as his or her:

Genotype

A newborn was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit after being delivered at 29 weeks of gestation to a 28-year-old multiparous, married, Caucasian woman whose pregnancy was uncomplicated until premature rupture of membranes and preterm birth. The newborn's parents arrive for their first visit after the birth. The parents walk toward the bedside but remain approximately 5 feet away from the bed. The nurse's most appropriate action would be to:

Go to the parents, introduce himself of herself, and gently encourage the parents to come meet their infant; explain the equipment first, and then focus on the newborn.

The labor of a pregnant woman with preeclampsia is going to be induced. Before initiating the Pitocin infusion, the nurse reviews the woman's latest laboratory test findings, which reveal a platelet count of 90,000, an elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) level, and a falling hematocrit. The nurse notifies the physician because the laboratory results are indicative of:

HELLP syndrome

To detect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), most laboratory tests focus on the:

HIV antibodies

Which of the following statements about the various forms of hepatitis is accurate?

Hepatitis A is acquired by eating contaminated food or drinking polluted water.

A young refugee has come to your clinic for medical care. On examination, you discover she underwent female genital cutting as a young girl. You recognize this practice is primarily based on:

Her culture

Which viral sexually transmitted infection is characterized by a primary infection followed by recurrent episodes?

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

A woman with severe preeclampsia has been receiving magnesium sulfate by intravenous infusion for 8 hours. The nurse assesses the woman and documents the following findings: temperature of 37.1° C, pulse rate of 96 beats/min, respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min, blood pressure (BP) of 155/112 mm Hg, 3+ deep tendon reflexes, and no ankle clonus. The nurse calls the physician, anticipating an order for:

Hydralazine

A 26-year-old primigravida has come to the clinic for her regular prenatal visit at 12 weeks. She appears thin and somewhat nervous. She reports that she eats a well-balanced diet, although her weight is 5 pounds less than it was at her last visit. The results of laboratory studies confirm that she has a hyperthyroid condition. Based on the available data, the nurse formulates a plan of care. What nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for the woman at this time?

Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements

The nurse caring for a pregnant client knows that her health teaching regarding fetal circulation has been effective when the client reports that she has been sleeping:

In a side-lying position

While providing care in an obstetric setting, the nurse should understand that postpartum care of the woman with cardiac disease:

Includes rest, stool softeners, and monitoring of the effect of activity.

As the client gets closer to her due date, it is important to stress that the woman seeks assessment after spontaneous rupture of membranes (SROM) due to:

Increased risk of infection

You are a maternal-newborn nurse caring for a mother who just delivered a baby born with Down syndrome. What nursing diagnosis would be the most essential in caring for the mother of this infant?

Interrupted family processes

A hemoglobin level of less than 11 g/dL in the first and third trimester

Iron anemia

The use of methamphetamine (meth) has been described as a significant drug problem in the United States. In order to provide adequate nursing care to this client population, the nurse must be cognizant that methamphetamine:

Is a stimulant with vasoconstrictive characteristics

Nurses should be aware that the biophysical profile (BPP):

Is an accurate indicator of impending fetal death.

The nurse providing care for the antepartum woman should understand that contraction stress test (CST):

Is considered negative if no late decelerations are observed with the contractions.

An infant at 26 weeks of gestation arrives intubated from the delivery room. The nurse weighs the infant, places him under the radiant warmer, and attaches him to the ventilator at the prescribed settings. A pulse oximeter and cardiorespiratory monitor are placed. The pulse oximeter is recording oxygen saturations of 80%. The prescribed saturations are 92%. The nurse's most appropriate action would be to:

Listen to breath sounds and ensure the patency of the endotracheal tube, increase oxygen, and notify a physician.

Intervention for the sexual abuse survivor often is not attempted by maternity and women's health nurses because of the concern about increasing the distress of the woman and the lack of expertise in counseling. What initial intervention is appropriate and most important in facilitating the woman's care?

Listening and encouraging therapeutic communication skills.

Nurses should be aware of the strengths and limitations of various biochemical assessments during pregnancy, including that:

MSAFP is a screening tool only; it identifies candidates for more definitive procedures.

Screening at 24 weeks of gestation reveals that a pregnant woman has gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In planning her care, the nurse and the woman mutually agree that an expected outcome is to prevent injury to the fetus as a result of GDM. The nurse identifies that the fetus is at greatest risk for:

Macrosomia

With regard to the development of the respiratory system, maternity nurses should understand that:

Maternal hypertension can reduce maternal-placental blood flow, accelerating lung maturity.

With regard to prenatal genetic testing, nurses should be aware that:

Maternal serum screening can determine whether a pregnant woman is at risk of carrying a fetus with Down Syndrome

A pregnant woman was admitted for induction of labor at 43 weeks of gestation with sure dates. A nonstress test (NST) in the obstetrician's office revealed a nonreactive tracing. On artificial rupture of membranes, thick, meconium-stained fluid was noted. The nurse caring for the infant after birth should anticipate:

Meconium aspiration, hypoglycemia, and dry, cracked skin.

A 36-year-old woman has been given a diagnosis of uterine fibroids. When planning care for this patient, the nurse should know that:

Menorrhagia is a common finding.

With one exception, the safest pregnancy is one in which the woman is drug and alcohol free. For women addicted to opioids, ________________________ treatment is the current standard of care during pregnancy.

Methadone maintenance

A macrosomic infant is born after a difficult forceps-assisted delivery. After stabilization, the infant is weighed, and the birth weight is 4550 g (9 lbs, 6 ounces). The nurse's most appropriate action is to:

Monitor blood glucose levels frequently and observe closely for signs of hypoglycemia.

A macrosomic infant is born after a difficult forceps-assisted delivery. After stabilization, the infant is weighed, and the birth weight is 4550 g (9 pounds, 6 ounces). The nurse's most appropriate action is to:

Monitor blood glucose levels frequently and observe closely for signs of hypoglycemia.

After conducting a class for college students about cervical cancer prevention, the nurse determines that the class understands that steps can be taken to help prevent cervical cancer based on which statement?

More than 90% of squamous cervical cancers contain HPV DNA

As a result of large body surface in relation to weight, the preterm infant is at high risk for heat loss and cold stress. By understanding the four mechanisms of heat transfer (convection, conduction, radiation, and evaporation), the nurse can create an environment for the infant that prevents temperature instability. While evaluating the plan that has been implemented, the nurse knows that the infant is experiencing cold stress when he or she exhibits:

Mottled skin with acrocyanosis

Which analysis of maternal serum may predict chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus?

Multiple-marker screening

Management of primary dysmenorrhea often requires a multifaceted approach. The nurse who provides care for a client with this condition should be aware that the optimal pharmacologic therapy for pain relief is:

NSAIDS

A patient has been prescribed adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. What common side effect might she experience?

Nausea, hot flashes, and vaginal bleeding.

A woman has chosen the calendar method of conception control. During the assessment process, it is most important that the nurse:

Obtain a history of menstrual cycle lengths for the past 6 to 12 months.

A woman has a history of drug use and is screened for hepatitis B during the first trimester. What is an appropriate action?

Offer the vaccine

The nurse is educating a female client about lifetime risk for developing cancer. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the woman states that regardless of her risk factors, her chances for developing cancer are:

One-in-three

A nurse is reading a journal article about female reproductive cancers. What malignancy would the nurse expect to be described as a "silent killer"?

Ovarian cancer

A new mother with which of these thyroid disorders would be strongly discouraged from breastfeeding?

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Glucose metabolism is profoundly affected during pregnancy because:

Placental hormones are antagonistic to insulin, thus resulting in insulin resistance.

A man's wife is pregnant for the third time. One child was born with cystic fibrosis, and the other child is healthy. The man wonders what the chance is that this child will have cystic fibrosis. This type of testing is known as:

Recurrence risk

Infants of mothers with diabetes (IDMs) are at higher risk for developing:

Respiratory distress syndrome

Infants of mothers with diabetes (IDMs) are at higher risk for developing what?

Respiratory distress syndrome. (IDMs are at high risk for macrosomia, birth injury, perinatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, cardiomyopathy, hyperbilirubinemia, and polycythemia).

In caring for the preterm infant, what complication is thought to be a result of high arterial blood oxygen level?

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

Damage of the heart valves and chordae tendineae cordis as a result of an infection originating from an inadequate treated group A streptococcal infection of the throat.

Rheumatic heart disease

What nursing diagnosis would be the most appropriate for a woman experiencing severe preeclampsia?

Risk for injury to the fetus related to utter-placental insufficiency

During a routine examination, the client is noted to have a Bartholin's cyst abscess. The nurse recognizes the need to obtain testing to rule out:

STI

A pregnant woman at 37 weeks of gestation has had ruptured membranes for 26 hours. A cesarean section is performed for failure to progress. The fetal heart rate (FHR) before birth is 180 beats/min with limited variability. At birth, the newborn has Apgar scores of 6 and 7 at 1 and 5 minutes and is noted to be pale and tachypneic. On the basis of the maternal history, the cause of this newborn's distress is most likely to be:

Sepsis

While interviewing a 31-year-old woman before her routine gynecologic examination, the nurse collects data about the client's recent menstrual cycles. The nurse should collect additional information with which statement?

She describes her flow as very heavy.

Abnormal hemoglobin in the blood, recessive hemolytic anemia that affects those of Mediterranean ancestry

Sickle cell

The most basic information a maternity nurse should have concerning conception is that:

Sperm remain viable in the woman's reproductive system for an average of 12 to 24 hours.

A woman with preeclampsia has a seizure. The nurse's primary duty during the seizure is to:

Stay with the client and call for help

An essential component of counseling women regarding safe sex practices includes discussion regarding avoiding the exchange of body fluids. The physical barrier promoted for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus is the condom. Nurses can help motivate clients to use condoms by initiating a discussion related to a number of aspects of condom use. The most important of these is:

Strategies to enhance condom use.

A client has delivered an infant with Patau syndrome, or trisomy 13. Based on the nurse's understanding of this condition, the nurse would counsel this couple that the care of this infant is:

Supportive

The nurse suspects that a client who comes to the maternity clinic for a pregnancy test is in an abusive relationship. The nurse includes the abuse assessment screen as part of the assessment. Although the woman was very emotional and hesitant in responding to the questions, verbally she denied abuse as being a problem. While waiting for the results of the pregnancy test, the nurse decides to teach the client about partner abuse anyway. The rationale for the nurse's decision is that all women should be informed about:

The cycle of violence, which continues and escalates over time once it begins.

Because pregnant women may need surgery during pregnancy nurses should be aware that:

The diagnosis of appendicitis may be difficult because the normal signs and symptoms mimic some normal changes in pregnancy.

The nurse who is teaching a group of women about breast cancer would tell the women that

The exact cause of breast cancer is unknown

When nurses help their expectant mothers assess the daily fetal movement counts, they should be aware that:

The fetal alarm should go off when fetal movements stop entirely for 12 hours.

When giving a heel stick to a newborn, where is the appropriate place to do it in order to prevent causing an infection of the bone?

The outer portion of the plantar surface of the heel.

A 40-year-old woman is 10 weeks pregnant. Which diagnostic tool would be appropriate to suggest to her at this time?

Transvaginal ultrasound

With regard to the estimation and interpretation of the recurrence of risks for genetic disorders, nurses should be aware that:

The risk factor remains the same no matter how many affected children are already in the family.

With regard to amniocentesis, nurses should be aware that:

The shake test, or bubble stability test, is a quick means of determining fetal maturity.

In comparing the abdominal and transvaginal methods of ultrasound examination, nurses should explain to their clients that:

The transvaginal examination allows pelvic anatomy to be evaluated in greater detail.

Which of the following statements is the most complete and accurate description of medical abortions?

They can be either elective or therapeutic.

_____ use/abuse during pregnancy causes vasoconstriction and decreased placental perfusion, resulting in maternal and neonatal complications.

Tobacco

According to the article by D. Sabella, "Sex trafficking is defined by law as the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act."

True

Many parents-to-be have questions about multiple births. Maternity nurses should be able to tell them that:

Twinning and other multiple births are increasing because of the use of fertility drugs and delayed childbearing.

In terms of the incidence and classification of diabetes, maternity nurses should know that:

Type 2 diabetes often goes undiagnosed

A 39-year-old primigravida thinks that she is about 8 weeks pregnant, although she has had irregular menstrual periods all her life. She has a history of smoking approximately one pack of cigarettes a day, but she tells you that she is trying to cut down. Her laboratory data are within normal limits. What diagnostic technique could be used with this pregnant woman at this time?

Ultrasound examination

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening indicates an elevated level. MSAFP screening is repeated and again is reported as higher than normal. What would be the next step in the assessment sequence to determine the well-being of the fetus?

Ultrasound for fetal anomalies

When a nurse is counseling a woman for primary dysmenorrhea, which nonpharmacologic intervention might be recommended?

Using a heating pad on the abdomen to relieve cramping.

Prophylaxis of subacute bacterial endocarditis is given before and after birth when a pregnant woman has:

Valvular disease

Nursing intervention for the pregnant diabetic patient is based on the knowledge that the need for insulin:

Varies depending on the stage of gestation

A woman at 15 weeks' gestation asks the nurse what the fetus looks like. Which response by the nurse would be most accurate?

Vernix caseaosa

After a mastectomy a woman should be instructed to perform all of the following except:

Wearing clothing with snug sleeves to support the tissue of the arm on the operative side.

A woman who has given birth to a post-term newborn asks the nurse why her baby looks so thin, with so little muscle. The nurse integrates understanding about what concept when responding to the mother?

With post-term birth, the fetus uses stored nutrients to stay alive and wasting occurs.

Nurses caring for antepartum women with cardiac conditions should be aware that:

Women with class II cardiac disease should avoid heavy exertion and any activity that causes even minor symptoms.

The nurse providing care for a woman with gestational diabetes understands that a laboratory test for glycosylated hemoglobin Alc:

Would be considered evidence of good diabetes control with a result of 5% to 6%

On day 3 of life, a newborn continues to require 100% oxygen by nasal cannula. The parents ask whether they can hold their infant during his next gavage feeding. Given that this newborn is physiologically stable, what response would the nurse give?

You may hold your baby during the feeding.

The recommended treatment for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission to the fetus during pregnancy is:

Zidovudine

Inability of the heart to maintain a sufficient cardiac

decompensation

A pregnant woman was admitted for induction of labor at 43 weeks of gestation with sure dates. A non stress test (NST) in the obstetricians's office revealed a nonreactive tracing. On artificial rupture of membranes, thick, meconium-stained fluid was noted. The nurse caring for the infant after birth should anticipate:

meconium aspiration, hypoglycemia, and dry, cracked skin.

A client has been diagnosed with cervical cancer during second trimester of pregnancy. She decides to delay treatment until after the baby is born. The nurse prepares her for birth by explaining the birth will most likely be:

via cesarean section

A woman who is 8 months pregnant asks the nurse, "Does my baby have any antibodies to fight infection?" The most appropriate response by the nurse is:

"Your baby has IgG and IgM."

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with numerous pregnancy-related risk factors (Select all that apply).

-Poor nutrition -Maternal collagen disease -Gestational hypertension

Along with gas exchange and nutrient transfer, the placenta produces many hormones necessary for normal pregnancy. These include (select all that apply)

-Progesterone -Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) -Estrogen

The nurse who is evaluating the client for potential abuse should be aware that intimate partner violence includes:

-Psychologic abuse -Sexual abuse -Economic abuse -Physical abuse -Emotional abuse

Common autosomal recessive genetic disorders in which the exocrine glands produce excessive viscous secretions causing problems with both respiratory and digestive functions

Cystic fibrosis

In caring for an immediate postpartum client, you note petechiae and oozing from her IV site. You would monitor her closely for the clotting disorder:

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Fibrocystic changes in the breast most often appear in women in their 20s and 30s. The etiology is unknown, but it may be an imbalance of estrogen and progesterone. The nurse who cares for this client should be aware that treatment modalities are conservative. One proven modality that may provide relief is:

Diuretic administration

The primary responsibility of the nurse who suspects or confirms any type of violence against a woman is:

Document the incident (or findings) accurately and concisely in the client's record.

The nurse sees a woman for the first time when she is 30 weeks pregnant. The woman has smoked throughout the pregnancy, and fundal height measurements now are suggestive of growth restriction in the fetus. In addition to ultrasound to measure fetal size, another tool would be useful in confirming the diagnosis?

Doppler blood flow analysis

A benign breast condition that includes dilation and inflammation of the collecting ducts is called

Ductal ectasia

Metabolic changes throughout pregnancy that affect glucose and insulin in the mother and the fetus are complicated but important to understand. Nurses should understand that:

During the second and third trimesters, pregnancy exerts a diabetogenic effect that ensures an abundant supply of glucose for the fetus.

During her gynecologic checkup, a 17-year-old girl states that recently she has been experiencing cramping and pain during her menstrual periods. The nurse would document this complaint as:

Dysmenorrhea

When caring for a pregnant woman with cardiac problems, the nurse must be alert for signs and symptoms of cardiac decompensation, which include:

Dyspnea; crackles; and an irregular, weak pulse

When the pregnant diabetic woman experiences hypoglycemia while hospitalized, the nurse should intervene by having the patient:

Eat six saltine crackers

To manage her diabetes appropriately and ensure a good fetal outcome, the pregnant woman with diabetes will need to alter her diet by:

Eating her meals and snack on a fixed schedule.

A woman has been diagnosed with a high-risk pregnancy. She and her husband come into the office in a very anxious state. She seems to be coping by withdrawing from the discussion, showing declining interest. The nurse can best help the couple by:

Encouraging her and urging to continue with childbirth classes.

Which test used to diagnose the basis of infertility is done during the luteal or secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

Endometrial biopsy

A woman complains of severe abdominal and pelvic pain around the time of menstruation that has gotten worse over the last 5 years. She also complains of pain during intercourse and has tried unsuccessfully to get pregnant for the past 18 months. These symptoms are most likely related to:

Endometriosis

In presenting to obstetric nurses interested in genetics, the genetic nurse identifies the primary risk(s) associated with genetic testing as:

Ethnic and socioeconomic disparity associated with genetic testing.

Menorrhagia

Excessive menstruation

The exact cause of breast cancer remains undetermined. Researchers have found that there are many common risk factors that increase a woman's chance of developing a malignancy. It is essential for the nurse who provides care to women of any age to be aware of which of the following risk factors (Select all that apply)?

-Race -Family history -Nulliparity or first pregnancy after age 30

There is little consensus on the management of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). However, nurses can advise women on several self-help modalities that often improve symptoms. The nurse knows that health teaching has been effective when the client reports that she has adopted a number of lifestyle changes, including (Select all that apply):

-Smoking cessation -Improved nutrition -Regular exercise

Common characteristics of potential batterer include:

-Substance abuse problems -Personality disorders -High level of self-esteem

Which findings would the nurse expect in a newborn who is considered small for gestational age?

-Sunken abdomen -Dry or thin umbilical cord -Poor muscle tone over buttocks

A nurse is caring for an infant born with polycythemia. Which intervention is most appropriate when caring for this infant?

Focus on decreasing blood viscosity by increasing fluid volume.

A physician prescribes clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene) for a woman experiencing infertility. She is very concerned about the risk of multiple births. The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"This is a legitimate concern. Would you like to discuss this further before your treatment begins?"

A woman is 15 weeks pregnant with her first baby. She asks how long it will be before she feels the baby move. The best answer is:

"Within the next month, you should start to feel fluttering sensations."

A 34-year-old Caucasian arrives at the emergency department with a black right eye; she also is bleeding from the left side of her head. She reports that her boyfriend has been abusing her physically. The nurse performs a history and physical examination and documents her findings.

"Client is a 34-year-old Caucasian female. Presents with periorbital ecchymosis on right side. Laceration of left parietal area, 3 cm long with tissue bridging. Approximately 1 cm deep. Client states that her boyfriend 'threw a brick from 10 feet away, aiming at my head. The corner of the brick hit the left side of my head.' She reports that he also 'hit me in the eye.' Client indicates that the hit was with her boyfriend's closed left fist."

A 25-year-old single woman comes to the gynecologist's office for a follow-up visit related to her abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The test revealed that the patient has human papillomavirus (HPV). The client asks, "What is that? Can you get rid of it?" Your best response is:

"HPV stands for 'human papillomavirus.' It is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that may lead to cervical cancer."

In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is a common approach for women with blocked fallopian tubes or unexplained infertility and for men with very low sperm counts. A husband and wife have arrived for their preprocedural interview. The husband asks the nurse to explain what the procedure entails. The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"IVF-ET is a type of assisted reproductive therapy that involves collecting eggs from your wife's ovaries, fertilizing them in the laboratory with your sperm, and transferring the embryo to her uterus."

In assessing the knowledge of a pregestational woman with type 1 diabetes concerning changing insulin needs during pregnancy, the nurse recognizes that further teaching is warranted when the client states: select all that apply

"Insulin dosage will likely need to be increased during the second and third trimesters."

A couple has been counseled for genetic anomalies. They ask you, "What is karyotyping?" Your best response is:

"Karyotyping will provide information about the gender of the baby and the number and structure of the chromosomes."

A man smokes two packs of cigarettes a day. He wants to know if smoking is contributing to the difficulty he and his wife are having getting pregnant. The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"Smoking can reduce the quality of your sperm."

A premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome receives artificial surfactant. How would the nurse explain surfactant therapy to the parents?

"Surfactant improves the ability of your baby's lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide."

A woman who is 16 weeks pregnant asks the nurse, "Is it possible to tell by ultrasound if the baby is a boy or girl yet?" The best answer is:

"The baby has developed enough that we can determine the sex by examining the genitals through ultrasound."

The perinatal nurse is giving discharge instructions to a woman after suction curettage secondary to a hydatidiform mole. The woman asks why she must take oral contraceptives for the next 12 months. The best response from the nurse would be:

"The major risk to you after a molar pregnancy is a type of cancer that can be diagnosed only by measuring the same hormone that your body produces during pregnancy. If you were to get pregnant, it would make the diagnosis of this cancer more difficult."

Sally comes in for her first prenatal examination. This is her first child. She asks you (the nurse), "How does my baby get air inside my uterus?" The correct response is:

"The placenta provides oxygen to the baby and excretes carbon dioxide into your bloodstream."

An unmarried young woman describes her sex life as "active" and involving "many" partners. She wants a contraceptive method that is reliable and does not interfere with sex. She requests an intrauterine device (IUD). The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"The risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) will be higher for you."

A pregnant woman's biophysical profile score is 8. She asks the nurse to explain the results. The nurse's best response is:

"The test results are within normal limits."

A woman's cousin gave birth to an infant with a congenital heart anomaly. The woman asks the nurse when such anomalies occur during development. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

"They occur between the third and fifth weeks of development."

An infant is being discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit after 70 days of hospitalization. The infant was born at 30 weeks of gestation with several conditions associated with prematurity, including respiratory distress syndrome, mild bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgical treatment. During discharge teaching the infant's mother asks the nurse whether her baby will meet developmental milestones on time, as did her son who was born at term. The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"Your baby will need to be corrected for prematurity. Your baby is currently 40 weeks of postconceptional age and can be expected to be doing what a 40-week-old infant would be doing."

A woman asks the nurse, "What protects my baby's umbilical cord from being squashed while the baby's inside of me?" The nurse's best response is:

"Your baby's umbilical cord is surrounded by connective tissue called Wharton jelly, which prevents compression of the blood vessels and ensures continued nourishment of your baby."

A woman who has a seizure disorder and takes barbiturates and phenytoin sodium daily asks the nurse about the pill as a contraceptive choice. The nurse's most appropriate response would be:

"Your current medications will reduce the effectiveness of the pill."

A client asks her nurse, "My doctor told me that he is concerned with the grade of my placenta because I am overdue. What does that mean?" The best response by the nurse is:

"Your placenta changes as your pregnancy progresses, and it is given a score that indicates the amount of calcium deposits it has. The more calcium deposits, the higher the grade, or number, that is assigned to the placenta. It also means that less blood and oxygen can be delivered to your baby."

Congenital disorders refer to conditions that are present at birth. These disorders may be inherited and caused by environmental factors or maternal malnutrition. Toxic exposures have the greatest effect on development between 15 and 60 days of gestation. For the nurse to be able to conduct a complete assessment of the newly pregnant client, she should understand the significance of exposure to known human teratogens. These include (Select all that apply):

-Radiation -Maternal conditions -Infections

You (the nurse) are reviewing the educational packet provided to a client about tubal ligation. What is an important fact you should point out (Select all that apply)?

-"Sterilization offers no protection against STIs" -"Your menstrual cycle will greatly increase after your sterilization"

According to the article, Human trafficking: The role of the healthcare provider, Human trafficking is the:

-3rd largest source of income for organized crime -There are double the amount of people enslaved today as during the African slave trade.

Which congenital malformations result from multifactorial inheritance (Select all that apply)?

-Congenital heart disease -Pyloric stenosis -Cleft lip -Anencephaly

The local community health nurses are working with the surrounding clinics to initiate programs that will help develop policies to reflect the goals of Healthy People 2020 (HP 2020). Which of the following would be included in those policies?

-Decrease the health disparities among the different populations -Increase the quality of life and life expectancy

The nurse needs to conduct a procedure on a preterm newborn. Which measures would be most effective in reducing pain?

-Encouraging kangaroo care during procedures -Swaddling the newborn closely -Offering a pacifier prior to a procedure

A diabetic woman who is pregnant needs to worry about what complication of the fetus?

-Hypoglycemia -Respiratory distress syndrome

What nursing diagnosis would be most applicable for battered women?

-Loss of trust -Ineffective family coping -Situation low self esteem -Risk for self directed violence

Transvaginal ultrasonography is often performed during the first trimester. While preparing your 6-week gestation patient for this procedure, she expresses concerns over the necessity for this test. The nurse should explain that this diagnostic test may be indicated for a number of situations (Select all that apply).

-Multiple gestation -Ectopic pregnancy -Obesity -Fetal abnormalities

Examples of sexual risk behaviors associated with exposure to a sexually transmitted infection (STI) include (Select all that apply):

-Multiple sex partners -Fellatio -Unprotected anal intercourse

Congenital anomalies can occur with the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including (Select all that apply):

-Neural tube defects -Cleft lip -Congenital heart disease

Diabetes refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin action, insulin secretion, or both. Over time, diabetes causes significant changes in the microvascular and macrovascular circulations. These complications include:

-Neuropathy -Retinopathy -Neuropathy. Autonomcs neuropathy -Atherosclerosis

What is an example of secondary care?

-Pap smear -Self-breast examination -Blood pressure evaluations

A couple comes in for an infertility workup, having attempted to get pregnant for 2 years. The woman, 37, has always had irregular menstrual cycles but is otherwise healthy. The man has fathered two children from a previous marriage and had a vasectomy reversal 2 years ago. The man has had two normal semen analyses, but the sperm seem to be clumped together. What additional test is needed?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level

Your patient has been receiving magnesium sulfate for 20 hours for treatment of preeclampsia. She just delivered a viable infant girl 30 minutes ago. What uterine findings would you expect to observe/assess in this client?

A boggy uterus and heavy lochia flow

A primigravida is being monitored in her prenatal clinic for preeclampsia. What finding should concern her nurse?

A dipstick value of 3+ for protein in her urine

Which patient is most likely to receive a Rubella vaccine?

A woman who tested borderline immune

With regard to chromosome abnormalities, nurses should be aware that:

Abnormalities of number are the leading cause of pregnancy loss.

In caring for the woman with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), what order should the nurse anticipate?

Administration of blood

At 35 weeks of pregnancy, a woman experiences preterm labor. Tocolytics are administered and she is placed on bed rest, but she continues to experience regular uterine contractions, and her cervix is beginning to dilate and efface. What would be an important test for fetal well-being at this time?

Amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity.

Preeclampsia is a unique disease process related only to human pregnancy. The exact cause of this condition continues to elude researchers. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has developed a comprehensive list of risk factors associated with the development of preeclampsia. Which client exhibits the greatest number of these risk factors?

An African-American client who is 19 years old and pregnant with twins.

A woman had unprotected intercourse 36 hours ago and is concerned that she may become pregnant because it is her "fertile" time. She asks the nurse about emergency contraception. The nurse tells her that:

An over-the-counter antiemetic can be taken 1 hour before each contraceptive dose to prevent nausea and vomiting.

A nurse is reading a journal article about neural tube defects and preventative measures. Which defect would the nurse most likely find identified as the most severe?

Anencephaly (Common NTDs include anencephaly, spina bifida, meningocele, and myelomeningocele).

Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that displays as a weakness of the connective tissue, joint deformities, ocular dislocation, and weakness to the aortic wall and root. While providing care to a client with Marfan syndrome during labor, which intervention should the nurse complete first?

Antibiotic prophylaxis

As relates to the structure and function of the placenta, the maternity nurse should be aware that:

As one of its early functions, the placenta acts as an endocrine gland.

In the past, factors to determine whether a woman was likely to develop a high-risk pregnancy were evaluated primarily from a medical point of view. A broader, more comprehensive approach to high-risk pregnancy has been adopted today. There are now four categories based on threats to the health of the woman and the outcome of pregnancy. Which of the following is not one of these categories?

Geographic

The nurse has educated a client about confidentiality. explaining that which mandate against confidentiality requires that some injuries, complaints, and/or situations must be reported?

HIPAA regulations

The viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) that affects most people in the United States today is:

HPV

A nurse is conducting an in-service presentation for a group of neonatal nurses. After teaching a group about the effects of prematurity on various body systems, the nurse determines that the class was successful when the group identifies which condition as an effect of prematurity?

Fragile cerebral blood vessels (The blood vessels are fragile and fluctuations in blood pressure can predispose these vessels to rupture, causing an intracranial hemorrhage)

Injectable progestins (DMPA, Depo-Provera) are a good contraceptive choice for women who:

Have difficulty remembering to take oral contraceptives daily.

Women with hyperemesis gravidarum

Have vomiting severe persistent enough to cause weight loss, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance.

Which heart condition is not a contraindication for pregnancy?

Heart transplant

A woman was treated recently for toxic shock syndrome (TSS). She has intercourse occasionally and uses over-the-counter protection. On the basis of her history, what contraceptive method should she and her partner avoid?

Cervical cap

Near the end of the first week of life, an infant who has not been treated for any infection develops a copper-colored, maculopapular rash on the palms and around the mouth and anus. The newborn is showing signs of

Congenital syphallis.

The placenta allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and fetus by:

Contact between maternal blood and fetal capillaries within the chronic villi.

A woman with asthma is experiencing a postpartum hemorrhage. Which drug would not be used to treat her bleeding because it may exacerbate her asthma?

Hemabate

A woman is undergoing a nipple-stimulated contraction stress test (CST). She is having contractions that occur every 3 minutes. The fetal heart rate (FHR) has a baseline of approximately 120 beats/min without any decelerations. The interpretation of this test is said to be:

Negative

A woman arrives at the clinic seeking confirmation that she is pregnant. The following information is obtained: She is 24 years old with a body mass index (BMI) of 17.5. She admits to having used cocaine "several times" during the past year and drinks alcohol occasionally. Her blood pressure (BP) is 108/70 mm Hg, her pulse rate is 72 beats/min, and her respiratory rate is 16 breaths/min. The family history is positive for diabetes mellitus and cancer. Her sister recently gave birth to an infant with a neural tube defect (NTD). Which characteristics place the woman in a high-risk category?

Family history, blood pressure, BMI

The nurse caring for the laboring woman should know that meconium is produced by:

Fetal intestines

In caring for a pregnant woman with sickle cell anemia, the nurse is aware that signs and symptoms of sickle cell crisis include:

Fever and pain

A woman is 16 weeks pregnant and has elected to terminate her pregnancy. The nurse knows that the most common technique used for medical termination of a pregnancy in the second trimester is:

Dilation and evacuation (D&E)

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that HPV be treated with Client-applied:

Topical podofilox 0.5% solution or gel

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acute inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal mucosa that can progress to perforation of the bowel. Approximately 2% to 5% of premature infants succumb to this fatal disease. Care is supportive; however, known interventions may decrease the risk of NEC. To develop an optimal plan of care for this infant, the nurse must understand which intervention has the greatest effect on lowering the risk of NEC?

Human milk or breastfeeding

Which major neonatal complication is carefully monitored after the birth of the infant of a diabetic mother?

Hypoglycemia

An infant was born 2 hours ago at 37 weeks of gestation and weighing 4.1 kg. The infant appears chubby with a flushed complexion and is very tremulous. The tremors are most likely the result of:

Hypoglycemia (Common in the macrocosmic infants. S/S of hypoglycemia include jitteriness, apnea, tachypnea and cyanosis.)

The nurse begins intermittent oral feedings for a small-for-gestational-age newborn to prevent what occurrence?

Hypoglycemia (Intermittent oral feedings are initiated to prevent hypoglycemia as the newborn now must assume control of glucose homeostasis).

In the assessment of a preterm infant, the nurse notices continued respiratory distress even though oxygen and ventilation have been provided. The nurse should suspect:

Hypovolemia and/or shock

The nurse in a health clinic is instructing a pregnant client how to perform "kick counts." Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instructions?

I need to lie flat on my back to perform the procedure

With regard to small for gestational age (SGA) infants and intrauterine growth restrictions (IUGR), nurses should be aware that:

Infants with asymmetric IUGR have the potential for normal growth and development.

Oligomenorrhea

Infrequent or scanty menstruation

Nurses should be aware that infertility:

Is perceived differently by women than men.

From a worldwide perspective, infant mortality in the US:

Is the highest of the other developed nations.

With regard to endometriosis, nurses should be aware that:

It is characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial tissue inside the uterus.

Women coming to the ED with pregnancy issues is common in:

Lack of care

When assessing a patient for amenorrhea, the nurse should be aware that this is unlikely to be caused by what?

Lack of exercise

An 18-year-old client who has reached 16 weeks of gestation was recently diagnosed with pregestational diabetes. She attends her centering appointment accompanied by one of her girlfriends. This young woman appears more concerned about how her pregnancy will affect her social life than about her recent diagnosis of diabetes. Several nursing diagnoses are applicable to assist in planning adequate care. The most appropriate diagnosis at this time is:

Noncompliance related to lack of understanding of diabetes and pregnancy and requirements of the treatment plan.

A woman at 39 weeks of gestation with a history of preeclampsia is admitted to the labor and birth unit. She suddenly experiences increased contraction frequency of every 1 to 2 minutes; dark red vaginal bleeding; and a tense, painful abdomen. The nurse suspects the onset of:

Placental abruption

A young couple presented to the office with concerns of possible infertility. A physical examination and complete history of the woman reveals type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, sleep apnea, and hypertension. The nurse would suspect:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS involves the presence of multiple inactive follicle cysts within the ovary that interferes with ovarian function).

Risk factors tend to be interrelated and cumulative in their effect. While planning the care for a laboring client with diabetes mellitus, the nurse is aware that she is at a greater risk for:

Polyhydramnos

When evaluating a patient whose primary complaint is amenorrhea, the nurse must be aware that lack of menstruation is most often the result of:

Pregnancy

For clinical purposes, preterm and post-term infants are defined as:

Preterm before 37 weeks, and post-term beyond 42 weeks, no matter the size for gestational age at birth.

Which factor is known to increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus?

Previous birth of large infant

A nurse is working in an ambulatory health clinic located in a poor neighborhood. Which nursing intervention would most likely provide the greatest benefit for the women and their children seen at this clinic?

Providing them with drug samples for therapy

Generalized itching during pregnancy without the presence of a rash

Pruritus gravidarum

A plan of care for an infant experiencing symptoms of drug withdrawal should be:

Swaddling the infant snugly and holding the baby tightly

A woman will be taking oral contraceptives using a 28-day pack. The nurse should advise this woman to protect against pregnancy by:

Taking one pill at the same time every day.

A nurse in a woman's shelter is counseling a client who has been a victim of abuse. Explain the type of prevention this treatment covers:

Tertiary

Relatively common anemia in which an insufficient amount of hemoglobin is produced to fill red blood cells

Thalassemia

What important, immediate postoperative care practice should the nurse remember when caring for a woman who has had a mastectomy?

The blood pressure (BP) cuff should not be applied to the affected arm.

Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) is an important health concern during pregnancy because:

The fetus may develop neurologic problems.

What is the longest stage of labor?

The first stage

With regard to the assessment of female, male, and couple infertility, nurses should be aware that:

The investigation takes 3 to 4 months and significant financial investment.

Inflammation of the innermost lining of the heart caused by invasion of bacteria

endocarditis