OB Test 1

______________ is the process in which individuals try to confirm and maintain their existing self-concept

Self-verification

Which of the following statements regarding values and individual behavior is correct?

Situations can cause us to act in ways that are not consistent with our values.

_____________ theory states that much learning and motivation occurs by observing and modeling others as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior.

Social cognitive

Which of the following best describes emotional intelligence?

a set of abilities

Renee is entering a factory and sees a sign that states hard hats and goggles must be worn upon entering. Violators will be fined. Which component of OB mod is this?

antecedent

Needs are the motivational forces of _____________ channeled toward particular goals to correct deficiencies or imbalances.

emotions

Susan is a flight attendant for a large airline. She exclusively works a long flight from Chicago to Vienna, and is expected to constantly maintain a positive attitude no matter what situation arises. Over the years, Susan has learned to actually produce these desired emotions. Based on this, Susan has learned how to

engage in deep acting

What theory suggests that employee motivation is influenced by perceptions of what other people contribute to and receive from the organization?

equity theory

Which of the following is most similar to the difference between emotions and attitudes?

experiencing something versus judging something

Which two Big Five personality factors best predict proactive task performance?

extraversion (assertiveness) and openness to experience.

Jody is working hard on a team project. His motivation is to not anger his teammates by slacking off. Jody is exhibiting ________ motivation.

extrinsic

Senior executives at CyberForm must make a decision that will affect many people, and the decision may produce good or bad consequences for those affected. This decision has a(n)

high degree of moral intensity

Etoni is a new employee who comes from a culture that values respect for people in higher positions and values the well-being of others more than goal achievement. Etoni's culture is characterizing by?

high power distance and a strong nurturing orientation

Organizational behavior knowledge

improves our ability to predict and anticipate future workplace events, and why they occur.

When people are assigned jobs for which they are qualified and receive coaching to improve their self-confidence, employee motivation improves due to which of the following?

increase in E-to-P expectancies

In the Johari window, which of the following can result from disclosure of information to colleagues?

increasing our open area by reducing our hidden area.

By _____________, one can successfully minimize perceptual bias.

increasing self-awareness

If a student put a lot of effort into getting an A in their OB class, they would score high on which motivational component?

intensity

Which type of motivation occurs when people are fulfilling their needs for competence and autonomy by engaging in the activity itself?

intrinsic

Mental models are ____________ that we develop to describe, explain, and predict the world around us.

knowledge structures

You have just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. According to the MARS model, these new employees will likely have which of the following?

lower job performance due to poor role perceptions

Someone with an external locus of control would say ________________ are the most likely cause of events in his or her life

lucky streaks

What is the highest level of emotional intelligence?

managing other people's emotions

Ramon is a student studying for two tests. One is psychology, a subject he truly enjoys. The other is in accounting, a subject he does not like at all. Ramon is getting frustrated studying for accounting, so he stops and begins studying for psych instead. Which strategy to regulate emotions is he using?

modify the situation

By improving _____________, goal setting influences employee behavior and performance

motivation and clarifying role perceptions

Personality is shaped by two general "forces" namely

nature and nurture

Eric is the advertising head of a firm. He can be counted on to come up with imaginative, novel ideas... Which of the Big Five personality dimensions does Eric possess?

openness to experience

In the field of organizational behavior, groups of _____________ represent organizations.

people who work interdependently toward some purpose

What are values?

perceptions of what is right and wrong

Jeremy is known to be the workplace bully. His manager has spoken to him many times about this, but the bullying continues and is becoming more serious. Which behavioral consequence would be appropriate in this situation?

punishment

An individual has _____________ when they understand the specific duties or consequences for which the employee is accountable.

role clarity

According to MARS model, which of the following directly influences an employee's voluntary behavior and performance?

role perceptions

Joseph and Cal were at a loud tailgating party, but due to ______________, they were able to continue their conversation despite the noise around them.

selective attention

Joanie is a newly hired engineer at an architectural firm. Because of her ___________________, she believes she can do almost anything and always maintains a "can do" attitude

self-efficacy

Which of the following proposes that job satisfaction has a positive effect on customer service, which flows on to shareholder financial returns?

service profit chain model

Lance describes himself as a New Yorker, a life-long Yankees fan, a Columbia University grad, and a struggling actor. This is Lance's ______________________

social identity

The observable demographic or physiological differences in people, such as their race, ethnicity, gender, age, and physical disabilities, constitute ____________ diversity

surface- level

In the expectancy theory, valence refers to which of the following?

the anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels toward an outcome.

People with a high need for affiliation tend to do which of the following?

Seek approval from others

Which of the following most likely occurs due to confirmation bias?

A manager believes his actions are correct and ignores evidence that proves that his actions are incorrect.

According to the expectancy theory, which of the following would be a way to increase an employee's E-to-P expectancy?

Assure the employee that he or she has the necessary competencies.

Which of the following is TRUE of complexity in the context of an individual's self concept?

It is the number of selves that define who an individual is and the separation of those selves.

____________ is the tendency to assign more favorable characteristics to people in our groups than to people in other groups.

Differentiation

Which of the following acronyms represents the "Big Five" personality dimensions?

CANOE

_____________ is the mostly nonconscious process of organizing people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our long-term memory

Categorical thinking

Marge really hated dealing with crabby customers, but she put a smile on her face when she was behind the customer service desk and treated everyone the same. ______________ refers to the uncomfortable tension Merge felt when her behavior and attitudes were inconsistent.

Cognitive dissonance

An individual's perceived probability that a particular level of effort will result in a particular level of performance is which component of the expectancy model?

E-to-P valence

Which of the statements about emotional labor is TRUE?

Emotional labor demands are higher in jobs requiring a variety of emotions.

Which of the following correctly defines emotions?

Emotions are physiological, behavioral, and physiological episodes experienced toward an object, person, or event that create a state of readiness.

Which of the following is correct regarding expectancy theory?

It states that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to the most favorable outcomes.

___________________ exists when the individual's identities require similar personality traits, values, and other attributes

High consistency

___________ refers to the knowledge, skills, abilities, creativity, and other valued resources that employees bring to the organization.

Human capital

The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model does which of the following?

It is a template for organizing and understanding the consequences of job dissatisfaction.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the systematic research anchor?

OB should study organizations by forming research questions, collecting date, and testing hypotheses against those data.

Which of the following regarding surface acting is correct?

People can frequently recognize fake emotions.

Which of the following is a major criticism of Maslow's needs hierarchy theory?

People do not progress through the hierarchy as the theory predicts.

Companies can increase the emotional intelligence (EI) of their employees by doing which of the following?

Provide EI training

Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type Indication (MBTI) is true?

Research suggests that the MBTI is helpful for career counseling and executive coaching.

When the factory needed to get production up, it instituted a reward system that sent the most productive employees on a trip to Florida. Harris, however, hated to travel and didn't know how to swim, so he slacked off on his production. According to the expectancy theory, this reward had __________ for Harris.

a negative outcome valence

What is the optimal level of difficulty?

The goal is challenging but not impossible.

Which of the following would be true of cultures with high collectivism?

They value duty to the groups to which they belong.

What is the fundamental attribution error?

We tend to overemphasize internal cause of another person's behavior and to discount or ignore external causes of their behavior.

What term refers to established perceptions about an attitude object?

beliefs

Harvey's Hot Dogs started a performance-based reward system that accurately identified employees whose good performance led to higher rewards. How does this practice improve employee motivation?

by improving P-to-O expectancies

Which of the following results from a combination of social identity and self-enhancement?

categorization, homogenization, and differentiation.

Lawrence stole a clock from his workplace. Which of the following refers to Lawrence's activity?

counterproductive behavior

Differences in the psychological characteristics across generations are an example of ________ diversity.

deep-level

Han's manager accused him of stealing from the office. Han immediately and passionately argues that to be untrue. The drive to ____________ explains Han's response.

defend

People reduce cognitive dissonance by doing which of the following?

developing more favorable toward specific features of a decision

Motivation affects a person's ________ of voluntary behavior

direction, intensity, and persistence

Motivation identifies three forces which affect voluntary work behavior. What are these three forces?

direction, intensity, persistence

Susan is a flight attendant for a large airline. She exclusively works a long flight from Chicago to Vienna, and is expected to constantly maintain a positive attitude no matter what situation arises. Over the years, Susan has noticed that when dealing with Americans, their emotions tend to run higher in stressful situation, as opposed to Austrian passengers whop tend to be more reserved in stressful or unhappy situations, and she often feels frustrated. This is due to the difference in ___________ between the two cultures.

display rules

Javier beleives he works much harder than his colleague Berta. Javier has just gone to his manager and is very upset. He believes it is unfair that Berta received a larger salary increase than he did. Which ethical principal is reflected in Javier's behavior?

distributive justice

Customer Service Representatives (CSRs) often use __________ to conceal their frustration when serving an irritating customer

emotional labor

People with more positive emotions typically have higher _______ and are extraverted.

emotional stability

Serge supervises toolmakers who make custom parts for the engineering department before these parts go into production. Deshaun is a self-starter who thrives on solving tough problems, while Duncan prefers straightforward jobs, but doesn't handle stress well. Last week, Serge gave Duncan a difficult, time-sensitive project. Serge recognized that Duncan would handle the project well if he approached him differently than he would if Deshaun was doing the work. Which conceptual anchor of OB knowledge is involved here?

the contingency anchor

According to the four-drive theory, which of the following drives is the foundation of competition and the basis of our need for esteem?

the drive to acquire

Andrew was having a disagreement with his co-owner, Beatriz. Andrew felt that they should give smaller bonuses to more people instead of large bonuses to a few. Which ethical principle does Andrew adhere to?

utilitarianism

Deep acting involves

visualizing reality differently and producing emotions to match the requirements.

Habib was unhappy with his company. He found it stressful to find reasonable parking close to his workplace, eventually leading to job dissatisfaction. He recommended ways to his manager to solve the problem. Based on EVLN model, Habib's main reaction to job dissatisfaction is ________________

voice