OB/Gyn Board
When the gestational sac exceeds _____mm, a yolk sac should be visualized.
8mm
129) This mole has only trophoblastic parts without a fetus; forms when the sperm fertilizes an empty egg:
A) complete mole
11) A congenital absence of the cerebral hemispheres because of an occlusion of the carotid arteries; midbrain structures are present, and fluid replaces cerebral tissue:
A) hydranencephaly
10) The innominate bones of the pelvis are:
A) ischium, ilium, and pubic bones
110) The muscle is best imaged in a transverse plane with caudal angular ion at the mascot superior aspect fo the bladder:
A) levator ani
63) Matters that concern right and wrong conduct:
A) morality
107) The most dangerous type of placenta accreta is:
A) percreta
49) Cord prolapse problems can be produced during all of the following obstetrical procedures except: A) velamentous insertion B) articulate rupture of membranes C) disengaging the head D) version and extraction
A) velamentous insertion
94) The fetal production of urine and the ability to stalling begins what weeks of gestation?
B) 8 to 11
143) What is the trophoblastic reaction?
B) gestational sac encompassed by a ring of echoes
8) A condition in which both avarian and testicular tissue are present is:
B) hermaphroditism
69) One of the problems the diabetic fetus has in growth is: A) SGA B) macrosomia C) microsomes D) symmetric growth restriction
B) macrosomia
124) The velamentous placenta refers to a:
B) membranous insertion of the cord
85) The condition in which the ventral wall fails to close and the heart develops outside the thoracic cavity:
C) Pentalogy of Cantrell
20) A marked deviation from he normal standard, especially as a result of congenital defects:
C) anomaly
3) A benign proliferation of fetal vessels is a preventative of:
C) cotelydon necrosis
62) Condition associated with polyhydramnios include all except: A) diabetes mellitus B) fetal macrosomia C) tretalogy of Fallot D) Rh isoimmunization
C) tetralogy of Fallot
166) Which statement is false regarding the gestational sac: a) earliest structure seen with the sac is the yolk sac B) the embryo many be seen at 4 weeks with transvaginal ultrasound C) the blood test should be positive 7-10 hours after conception D) the placenta is seen as a thickened density along part of the margin of the gestational sac
C) the blood test should be positive 7-10 hours after conception
122) The third ventricle and CSP lie between:
C) the thalamus
Which of the following is not usually a cystic mass: A) cystadenoma B) cystic Teratoma C) ovarian abscess D) adenocarcinoma
D) Adenocarcinoma
Which another anomaly has the ultrasound characteristics of trisomy 18?
D) Pena-Skokie syndrome
9) A condition that shows rounded calyces with renal pelvis dilation measuring greater than 10 mm in the AP directions is:
D) caliectasis
88) The decidual reaction that changes in the endometrium opposite the site of implantation is:
D) deciduous vera
131) This type of molar pregnancy develops when two sperm fertilize an egg:
D) partial mole
32) Amniocentesis may be utilized for all of the following except: A) analysis of fetal chromosomes B) predict Rh isoimmunization C) document lung maturity D) predict cardiac abnormalities
D) predict cardiac abnormalities
76) Sonographic findings in prune belly syndrome include all except: A) oligohydramnios B) pulmonary hypoplasia C) fetal ascites D) renal agenesis
D) renal agensesis
Which of the following is incorrect regarding facial profile? A) appears as a curvilinear surface with differentiate of the forehead, nose, lips, and chin B) clover leaf skull: misshapen skull with clover leaf appearance C) frontal bossing: "lemon" shaped skuull or absent, depressed nasal bridge D) strawberry-shaped cranium, bulding of occipital boens
D) strawberry-shaped cranium, bulding of occipital bones
Which is false regarding IUGR: A) the BDP alone is a poor indicator of IUGR B) the HC/AC ratio is useful in determining the type of IUGR C) the FL may decrease in size with symmetrical IUGR D) the FL/AC ratio is a good positive predictive value of IUGR
D) the FL/AC is a good positive predictive value of IUGR
21) A mucinous cystadenoma is all except: A) large cystic mass with multilocular cystic spaces B) unilateral C) most common cystic tumor D) thick with irregular walls and septations
D) thick with irregular walls and septations
True or False: MSAFP levels are typically increased with an omphalocele
True
79) Holoprosencephaly is most often associated with which syndrome?
a) Patau
15) Trisomy 13 is also known as:
a) Patau syndrome
35) Clinical Standards and Code of Ethics specific for diagnostic medical sonographers has been developed and adopted by:
a) Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
45) A monochorionic twin pregnancy in which one develops without an upper body is termed:
a) acardiac twin
47) Which twin abnormality demonstrates a venous to venous anastomosis?
a) acardiac twins
22) All of the following are produced by the placenta except: a) alpha-fetoprotein b) hCG c) PAPP-A d) Inhibin A
a) alpha-fetoprotein
4) The umbilical cord is covered by:
a) amnion
5) Insertion of the umbilical cord into the end margin of the placenta is termed a:
a) battledore placenta
9) What is the stage of conceptus that implants within the decidualized endometrium?
a) blastocyst
32) The pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis:
a) broad ligament
38) The ligament that houses the vasculature of the uterus is the:
a) cardinal ligament
6) The ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth is the:
a) dermoid
36) The sonographic findings of an endometrial polyp may include:
a) diffuse thickening of the endometrium
138) Which endometrial phase demonstrates the greatest dimension?
a) early secretory phase
107) Which laboratory value determines when an ovary is ready to ovulate?
a) estradiol
14) Symmetrical intrauterine growth restriction is most likely a result of:
a) first trimester insult
9) Symmetrical intrauterine growth restriction is more commonly a result of:
a) first trimester insult
37) Opening in the layers of the abdominal wall with evisceration of the bowel describes:
a) gastroschisis
44) Regeneration of the endometrium occurs as a result of: a) increases in estrogen levels b) decreases in estrogen levels c) increases in progesterone levels d) decreases in progesterone levels
a) increases in estrogen levels
68) Which vessel provides the best imaging landmark for located the ovaries?
a) internal iliac artery
7) The cervical canal extends from the:
a) internal os to the uterus
10) The innominate bones of the pelvis:
a) ischium, ilium, and pubic bones
5) What is a laboratory test the may be used as a tumor marker for an ovarian dysgerminoma?
a) lactate dehydrogenase
1) What is the most likely pulsed Doppler characteristic of endometrial cancer?
a) low-impedance flow
32) Ovarian volume is lowest during the: a) luteal phase b) ovulatory phase c) menstrual phase d) periovulatory phase
a) luteal phase
125) Fetuses of diabetic mothers have an increased risk for developing: a) macrosomia b) fetal hydrops c) nechal edema d) hyper echoic bowel
a) macrosomia
75) Which of the following is not physiological in origin? a) nabothian cyst b) corpus albicans c) theca lutein cysts d) corpus lutein cyst
a) nabothian cyst
31) Subcutaneous accumulation of fluid behind the fetal neck measuring 3 mm in thickness is a(n): a) normal finding in the first trimester b) abnormal finding in late first trimester c) normal finding in the late second trimester d) abnormal finding regardless of gestational age
a) normal finding in the first trimester
7) Bilateral symmetrical pelvic masses are most likely:
a) pelvic muscles
35) Which condition demonstrates extension of the chorionic villi into the myometrium?
a) placenta increta
10) Which fo the following sonographic findings is not associated with Meckel-Gruber syndrome: a) polydactyly b) anencephacy c) ologohydramnios d) infantile polycystic disease
a) polydactyly
15) Which vessels supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium?
a) radial arteries
26) What artifact could be noted emanating from air or gas within the endometrium in a patient with endometritis?
a) ring-down
49) A nodular tubular adnexal mass demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement is most suspicious for:
a) salpingitis
1) Progesterone levels increase in the: a) secretory phase b) follicular phase c) ovulatory phase d) menstrual phase
a) secretory phase
17)Which rare benign ovarian neoplasm occurs most often in postmenopausal women?
a) thecoma
43) Partial fusion of the caudal mullerian ducts will most likely result in an anomaly of the:
a) uterus
49) A succenturiate placenta is at an increased risk for:
a) velamentous cord
Luteinizing hormone is secreted by the:
anterior pituitary gland
34) On transvaginal imaging, in a normal pregnancy, cardiac activity must be identified within a gestational sac with a mean sac diameter of:
b) 16 mm
49) The yolk sac is abnormal after the diameter exceeds:
b) 7 mm
28) An asymptomatic 65-year-old patient presents to the sonography department with pelvic pain but no vaginal bleeding. Her endometrium measurement should not exceed:
b) 8 mm
28) Precocious puberty is defined as the development of pubic hair, breasts, and the genital before the age of:
b) 8 years old
27) What Doppler artifact occurs when the Doppler sampling rate is not high enough to display the Doppler shift frequency?
b) Aliasing
13) Which syndrome is more commonly associated with clinodactyly?
b) Down Syndrome
4) What would increase a patient's likelihood of suffering from thromboembolism?
b) ERT
4) Megaureter and oligohydramnios are sonographic findings associated with which fetal syndrome?
b) Eagle-Barrett
121) Fused thalamic cerebri is a finding commonly associated with which syndrome?
b) Patau
22) Cystic hygromas are a common sonographic finding in which chromosomal abnormality?
b) Turner Syndrome
25) Estimated fetal weight is most commonly calculated using which of biometric parameters?
b) abdominal circumference, femur length, and biparietal diameter
40) Herniated contents of an omphalocele are covered by membranes consisting of:
b) amnion and peritoneum
31) Which of the following attaches to the ovary? a) peritoneum b) broad ligament c) tunica albuginea d) ovarian ligament
b) broad ligament
95) Which of the following fetal abnormalities is more commonly associated with diabetic patients? a) anencephaly b) caudal regression c) spina bifida aperta d) spina bifida occulta
b) caudal regression
49) Head circumference is measured at a level to include the: a) third ventricle and cisterna magna b) cavum septum pellucidi and tentorium c) peduncles and cavum septum pellucidi d) atrium of the lateral ventricle and cerebellum
b) cavum septum pellucidi and tentorium
43) Nuchal thickness is measured in a plane to include: a) thalamic cerebri, falx cerebri, third ventricle b) cerebellum, cisterna magna, cavum septum pellucidi c) lateral ventricle atria, third ventricle, corpus callosum d) thalamic cerebri, fourth ventricle, cave septum pellucidi
b) cerebellum, cisterna magna, cavum septum pellucidi
37) If the maternal alpha-fetoprotein level is decreased, the sonographer should carefully evaluate for:
b) chromosomal abnormalities
6) The removal of tissue from the endometrium by scraping is termed:
b) curettage
20) A rapid increasing pelvic mass is mot suspicious for a(n):
b) cystadenoma
81) Which of the following abnormalities would most likely demonstrate a normal maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level? a) anencephaly b) encephalocele c) spina bifida aperta d) multifetal gestation
b) encephalocele
8) A localized hypoechoic adnexal mass is present ton serial sonograms. Ovaries appear within normal limits. Based on the clinical history, the adnexal mass is most suspicious for:
b) endometrioma
41) Fixation of the ovaries posterior to the uterus is a sonographic finding associated with:
b) endometriosis
9) Monitoring of which hormone is routine during ovarian induction therapy?
b) estradiol
5) Which of the following structures is not identified in the biparietal diameter? a) thalamic nuclei b) fourth ventricle c) cavil septum pellucidi d) fall cerebri
b) fourth ventricle
34) Blood within the Fallopian tube is termed:
b) hematosalpinx
43) Anechoic regions within brain tissue are most suspicious for:
b) hydranencephaly
20) A simple fluid accumulation within the vagina secondary to an imperforate hymen:
b) hydrocolpos
11) Subchorionic hemorrhage is a common consequence of:
b) implantation of the conceptus
38) The secondary yolk sac: a) has no specific function b) is located in the chorionic cavity c) represents the developing chorionic villi d) secretes human chorionic gonadotropin
b) is located in the chorionic cavity
32) Levels of follicular stimulating hormone begin declining in the: a) late secretory phase b) late follicular phase c) early secretory phase d) early follicular phase
b) late follicular phase
31) Which phase of the endometrium demonstrates the thinnest diameter?
b) late mentrual
45) The renal pelvis in a third trimester fetus demonstrates an AP diameter of 10mm. This is considered:
b) mild hydronephrosis
45) A solid mass of cells formed by the proliferation of a fertilized ovum is termed the:
b) morula
38) Which diagnostic test is used to evaluate emitted radiation form the patient to assess the function of organs?
b) nuclear medicine
43) Early onset of puberty may be the result of a(n):
b) ovarian neoplasm
12) The decidua exclusive of the area occupied by the conceptus is termed decidua:
b) parietalis
25) What is defined as frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days apart?
b) polymenorrhea
4) Which sonographic finding helps to differentiate Dandy-Walker syndrome from an arachnoid cyst?
b) presence of normal vermis
37) The presence of pus within the uterus defines:
b) pyometra
6) Placenta accreta can be ruled out by observing normal:
b) retroplacenta complex
94) Which chamber of the heart lies more anterior?
b) right atrium
11) An echogenic endometrium with posterior acoustic enhancement is present during which phase?
b) secretory
37) That is the most common placental location for deposits of fibrin to collect?
b) subchorionic
46) The uterosacral ligament extends from the lateral margins of the sacrum to the:
b) superior cervix
49) Which classification of osteogenesis imperfecta is most severe?
b) type II
13) Secondary blood supply to the ovaries is through the:
b) uterine arteries
13) What is the formula that calculates the mean sac diameter?
c) (length+width+height)/3
14) Normally, the chorionic cavity should no longer be visible after how many weeks GA?
c) 16 weeks
92) Normal maximum placental thickness in the second trimester should not exceed:
c) 4 cm
38) The measurement of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from ___ to ____ mm.
c) 4 to 8 mm
29) An 84 year old patient presents to the sonography department with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding. Her endometrium measurement should not exceed:
c) 5 mm
46) Which syndrome is manifested by dilation of the renal collection system?
c) Eagle-Barrett syndrome
1) A clenched fist is commonly associated with which syndrome?
c) Edward Syndrome (T18)
5) Twin-twin transfusion syndrome general demonstrates: a) fetal hydrops in the donor twin b) polyhydramnios in the amniotic cavity of the donor twin c) a minimum fetal weight discordance of 20% d) oligohydramios in the amniotic cavity of the receiving twin
c) a minimum fetal weight discordance of 20%
36) Coiling of the umbilical cord is associated with:
c) a normal fetus
28) The single most sensitive indicator of intrauterine growth restriction is:
c) abdominal circumference
1) Growth of the placenta into the superficial myometrium is termed placenta:
c) accreta
13) Which of the following requires a patient to be placed in a private room with the door closed? a) contact pathogens b) droplet pathogens c) airborne pathogens d) airborne and contact pathogens
c) airborne pathogens
32) An eccentric insertion of the umbilical cord into the placenta is termed:
c) battledore placenta
18) Hydranencephaly is an abnormality of the:
c) cerebral cortex
109) Which of the following statements is true for a postmenopausal patient not receiving hormone replacement therapy? a) ovarian size remains the same b) ovarian cysts are a common finding c) decreases in estrogen can shorten the vagina d) endometrial carcinoma is the most common cause fo postmenopausal bleeding
c) decreases in estrogen can shorten the vagina
8) The dicidua capsular and decidua parietalis produce the:
c) double decidua sign
41) Brightly echogenic bowel in the second trimester is most likely associated with which abnormality?
c) down syndrome
17) What hormone plays a major role in the symptoms associated with menopause?
c) estrogen
3) The location of the umbilical vein varix is most frequently within the:
c) fetal abdomen
2) Anasarca is a condition often seen in cases of:
c) fetal hydrops
13) Which fertility assistance program inserts oocytes and sperm into the Fallopian tube?
c) gamete intrafollicular transfer
21) What is commonly used for high disinfection of ultrasound transducers?
c) glutaraldheyde
18) Associated findings with sacrococcygeal teratoma:
c) hydronephrosis
13) When the sonographic three-line sign is present, what is the echogenicity of the functional layer of the endometrium?
c) hypoechoic
67) In menarche patients multilayered appearance is present during which endometrial phase?
c) late proliferative phase
16) In TPAL designation, the "L" refers to:
c) live births
3) Which sonographic finding is associated with Beckwith-Weirdemann syndrome? a) megaureter b) micrognathia c) macroglossia d) cystic hygroma
c) macroglossia
1) An endometrioma most likely appears as a: a) simple, anechoic mass with through transmission b) complex mass with internal shadowing components c) mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes d) solid, hyper echoic shadowing mass
c) mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes
22) A single umbilical artery is associated with:
c) multifetal gestations
28) The muscle located lateral to the ovaries:
c) obturator internes muscle
2) A cystic structure located in the inferior broad ligament is most suspicious for a(n):
c) paraovarian cyst
44) the term embryo is used to describe a developing zygote through the ____ gestational week.
c) tenth
15) In premenarche, the size of the uterine cervix is expected to be: a) half the size of the corpus b) equal to the uterine corpus c) twice as large as the corpus d) equal to the uterine fundus
c) twice as large as the corpus
31) What produces and removes amniotic fluid?
c) umbilical cord
14) VATER demonstrates which complex anomalies?
c) vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistulae and renal anomalies
17) Hyperechoic foci within the ovary are most suspicious for:
corpus albicans
21) The normal gestational sac will grow by how much per day?
d) 1 mm per day
33) During the ovulatory phase, normal estradiol levels range between: ___ and ___ pg/mL
d) 200 and 400 pg/mL
50) Visualization of the proximal tibial epiphysis first occurs around ___ weeks gestation
d) 35 weeks gestation
48) Which federal agency looks to improve theterm-102 quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of American health care?
d) AHRQ
41) Which syndrome demonstrates a normal karyotype and is associated with hemihypertrophy?
d) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
49) HIPAA stands for:
d) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
1) Which pelvic ligament extends from the cornea of the uterus to the medial aspect of the ovary?
d) Ovarian ligament
40) Which is also referred to as trisomy 13?
d) Patau syndrome
102) What forms the chorion?
d) a double layer of trophoblastic cells
50) Which of the following measurements is a good predictor of fetal growth? a) femur length b) biparietal diameter c) head circumference d) abdominal circumference
d) abdominal circumference
9) Which would typically not be associated with amenorrhea? a) Sherman syndrome b) polycystic ovarian disease c) pregnancy d) adenomyosis
d) adenomyosis
5) Dilation of the third ventricle is a sonographic finding associated with:
d) agenesis of the corpus callosum
36) The best diagnosis accuracy of intrauterine growth restriction is offered when evaluating the:
d) amniotic fluid volume, estimated fetal weight, and maternal blood pressure
34) The peripheral arteries of the uterus are the:
d) arcuate arteries
35) Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as a fetal weight: a) below the 5th percentile for gestational age b) below the 10th percentile for gestational age c) at or below the 5th percentile for gestational age d) at or below the 10th percentile for gestational age
d) at or below the 10th percentile for gestational age
165) Which of the following is caused by the presence of on defective gene? a) triploidy b) monosomy X c) autosomal recessive d) autosomal dominant
d) autosomal dominant
11) Pseudoprecocious puberty may be associated with all of the follow except: a) ovarian tumor b) adrenal tumor c) liver tumor d) brain tumor
d) brain tumor
72) An extrauterine mass most commonly develops on which structure?
d) broad ligament
25) The etiology of cystic hygroma is typically:
d) chromosomal
45) What condition is most likely to demonstrate a small placenta?
d) chromosomal anomalies
41) Which placenta is most likely to demonstrate an overall abnormal contour?
d) circumvallate placenta
7) The Fallopian tubes are: a) covered by the peritoneum b) contained in the inferior portion of the round ligament c) derived from the non-fused caudal portion of the mullerian ducts d) contained in the superior portion of the broad ligament
d) contained in the superior portion of the broad ligament
2) Which of the following endometrial phases demonstrates the thinnest dimension? a) early menstrual b) early secretory c) late proliferative d) early proliferative
d) early proliferative
27) What is most likely associated with anencephaly?
d) elevated maternal alpha-fetoprotein
134) The most common gynecological malignancy in the United States involves the:
d) endometrium
19) Common sonographic findings associated with Dandy-Walker syndrome include:
d) enlarged posterior fossa and absence of the cerebellar vermis
37) Which hormone level can be slightly higher after menopause?
d) follicular stimulating hormone
36) A diagnosed clubfoot may be made with persistent abnormal inversion of the:
d) foot perpendicular to the lower leg
10) Another name for the chorionic sac:
d) gestational sac
35) What term defines as regularly timed menses but light flow?
d) hypomenorrhea
42) Placentomalacia may result from which condition?
d) intrauterine growth restriction
40) All of the following may be sonographic findings in the presence of an ectopic pregnancy except: a) pseudogestational sac b) corpus lute cyst c) adnexal ring d) low beta-hCG
d) low beta-hCG
50) Ovarian volume is the highest during the: a) luteal phase b) follicular phase c) menstrual phase d) periovulatory phase
d) periovulatory phase
7) When measuring amniotic fluid volume, the transducer must remain: a) parallel to both the maternal sagittal and coronal plane b) perpendicular to both the maternal coronal place and perpendicular to the sagittal plane c) parallel with the maternal coronal plane d) perpendicular to the maternal coronal plane and parallel to the maternal sagittal plane
d) perpendicular to the maternal coronal plane and parallel to the maternal sagittal plane
14) The two muscles that may be confused with ovaries on ultrasound:
d) piriformis and iliopsoas muscles
24) Asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction is usually a result of:
d) placental insufficiency
6) The flanged portions of the iliac bones form the: a) lateral border of the true pelvis b) posterior border of the true pelvis c) inferior border of the true pelvis d) posterior border of the false border
d) posterior bored of the true pelvis
19) What is the most likely cause for oligohydramnios?
d) premature rupture of membranes
34) Which hormone is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle?
d) progesterone
157) Which portion of the primitive brain displays as a prominent cystic structure?
d) rhombencephalon
23) The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall:
d) suspensory ligament of the ovary
10) Doppler of the umbilical artery evaluates fetal well-being using the:
d) systolic-diastolic ratio
7) Which skeletal abnormality is most likely to demonstrate a cloverleaf skull?
d) thanatophoric dysplasia
42) Clinodactyly refers to:
d) the inward curvature of digits
38) Describe the sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the late proliferative phase:
d) thick, hypoechoic functional layer and a hyper echoic basal layer
35) All of the following are clinical findings with endometrial hyperplasia except: a) obesity b) polycystic ovarian syndrome c) abnormal uterine bleeding d) thickened endometrium
d) thicken endometrium
3) Which of the following secretes human chorionic gonadotropin: a) decidua basalis b) chorionic cavity c) decidua parietalis d) trophoblastic tissue
d) trophoblastic tissue
32) Which kind of twin pregnancy is likely to occur if a single zygote divides 7 days after fertilization?
d) two amnion and one chorion
35) What sonographic finding confirms the presence of a diamniotic pregnancy?
d) two gestational sacs
5) Which area of the embryo attaches to the amnion?
d) umbilical insertion
22) The sonographic appearance of a 59 year old woman on HRT is:
d) variable depending on menstrual cycle
49) The discriminatory zone determines:
d) when a gestational sac should be visualized
6) The endometrium demonstrates a triple-line appearance between days: ___ to ____
days 10 to 14