OBGYN- Chapter24: The Fetal Head and Brain

The anechoic midline brain structure located between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles is the: a) CSP (cavum septum pellucidum) b) Cavum vergae c) Corpus callosum d) Fourth ventricle

a) CSP

The structure located between the two lobes of the cerebellum is the: a) Cerebellar vermis b) Cerebellar tonsils c) Falx cerebri d) Corpus callosum

a) Cerebellar vermis

With what structure does the posterior fossa cyst associated with DWM (Dandy-Walker malformation) communicate? a) Fourth ventricle b) Third ventricle c) Cerebellar vermis d) Cerebellar aqueduct

a) Fourth ventricle

Which of the following would be the most likely fetal cranial findings with TORCH infections? a) Intracranial calcifications b) Cerebral atrophy c) Porencephaly d) Scaphocephaly

a) Intercranial calcifications

The interthalamic adhesion ( massa intermedia) passes through the: a) Third ventricle b) Fourth ventricle c) Cisterna magna d) CSP

a) Third ventricle

Dangling choroid sign is associated with: a) Ventriculomegaly b) Hydranencephaly c) Lissenencepahly d) Meckel-Gruber syndrome

a) Ventriculomegaly

The "sunburst" of the cerebral sulci is a sonographic finding of: a) DWM b) Agenesis of the corpus callosum c) Colpocephaly d) Hydranecephaly

b) Agenesis of the corpus callosum

A lemon-shaped skull is related to: a) Trisomy 2 b) Arnold-Chiari II malformation c) Thanatophoric dysplasia d) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

b) Arnold-Chiari II malformation

The band of tissue that allows communication between the right and left hemispheres is the: a) Falx cerebri b) Corpus callosum c) Cerebellar vermis d) CSP

b) Corpus callosum

Which of the following would not be normally located within the midline of the fetal brain? a) CSP b) Lobes of the thalamus c) Third ventricle d) Falx cerebri

b) Lobes of the thalamus

The fourth ventricle is located: a) Posterior to the CSP b) Between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles c) Anterior to the cerebellar vermis d) Medial to the third ventricle

c) Anterior to the cerebellar vermis

The third ventricle is located: a) Anterior to the thalamus b) Anterior to the cerebellar vermis c) Between the two lobes of the thalamus d) Superior to the corpus callosum

c) Between the two lobes of the thalamus

Enlargement of the frontal horns and narrowing of the occipital horns is termed: a) Holoprosencephaly b) DWM c) Colpocephaly d) Apert syndrome

c) Colpocephaly

The conditions in which the frontal horns are small and the occipital horns are enlarged is referred to as: a) Ethmocephaly b) Hydrocephalus c) Colpocephaly d) Encephalitis

c) Colpocephaly

Which of the following is located on both sides of the midline? a) Interhemispheric fissures b) third and fourth ventricles c) Lateral ventricles d) Third ventricle and cerebral aqueduct

c) Lateral ventricles

A cisterna magna that measures 15 mm and a normal appearing cerebellum is most likely: a) Arnold-Chiari II malformation b) Schizencephaly c) Mega cisterna magna d) DWM

c) Mega cisterna magna

A normal shaped skull is termed: a) Dolichocephaly b) Brachycephaly c) Mesocephaly d) Scaphocephaly

c) Mesocephaly

The development of fluid-filled cleft within the cerebrum is consistent with: a) Holoprosencephaly b) Lissencephaly c) Schizencephaly d) Hydranecephaly

c) Schizencephaly

What chromosomal aberration is most often associated with holoprosencephaly? a) Anopthalmia b) Trisomy 21 c) Trisomy 13 d) Trisomy 18

c) Trisomy 13

A strawberry-shaped skull is commonly associated with: a) Trisomy 21 b) Trisomy 15 c) Trisomy 18 d) Trisomy 13

c) Trisomy 18

The cisterna magna should not exceed ____ in the transcerebellar plane: a) 4 mm b) 2mm c) 8 mm d) 10 mm

d) 10 mm

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that includes craniosynostosis, midline facial hypoplasia, and syndactyly? a) Lobar holoprosencephaly b) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome c) Arnold-Chiari II malformation d) Apert syndrome

d) Apert syndrome

The third ventricle communicates with the fourth ventricle at the: a) Foramen of Magendie b) Foramen of Luschka c) Foramen of Monro d) Aqueduct of Sylvius

d) Aqueduct of Sylvius

The most common cause of hydrocephalus in utero is: a) Cerebral hemorrhage b) Holoprosencephaly c) Brain tumors d) Aqueductal stenosis

d) Aqueductal stenosis

What cerebral malformation is a result of agenesis or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis? a) Arnold-Chiari II malformation b) Schizencephaly c) Mega cisterna magna d) DWM

d) DWM

The double fold of dura mater that divides the cerebral hemispheres is the: a) Cerebellum b) CSP (cavum septum pellucidum) c) Corpus callosum d) Falx cerebri

d) Falx cerebri

What cerebral abnormality are atypical facial features most commonly associated with? a) DWM b) Schizencephaly c) Lissencephaly d) Holoprosencephaly

d) Holoprosenecephaly

What fetal suture is located within the frontal bone along the midline of the forehead? a) Squamosal suture b) Sagittal suture c) Lambdoidal suture d) Metopic suture

d) Metopic suture

Following an intracranial hemorrhage, a cyst is noted within the cerebrum that communicates with the lateral ventricle. This is referred to as: a) Schizencephaly b) Lissencephaly c) Holoprosencephaly d) Porencephaly

d) Porencephaly

All of the following are sonographic findings of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except: a) Enlarged massa intermedia b) Hydrocephalus c) Obliteration of the cisterna magna d) Strawberry sign

d) Strawberry sign

A cloverleaf-shaped skull is related to: a) Trisomy 18 b) Meckel-Gruber syndrome c) Trisomy 13 d) Thanatophoric dysplasia

d) Thanatophoric dysplasia

The choroid plexus cyst could be associated with an increase risk of: a) Trisomy 13 b) Trisomy 4 c) Arnold-Chiari II malformation d) Trisomy 18

d) Trisomy 18

The most severe form of holoprosencephaly is: a) Lobar b) Alobar c) Semilobar d) Lobular

b) Alobar

Arachnoid cyst

benign cysts within the brain that do not communicate with the ventricular system

Acrania

the absence of the cranial vault above the bony orbits

Alobar holoprosencephaly

the most severe form of holoprosencephaly

All of the following are sonographic features of alobar holoprosencephaly except: a) Cyclopia b) Monoventricle c) Dorsal cyst d) Fused thalamus

c) Dorsal cyst

Absence of the skull is: a) Hydranecephaly b) Schizencephaly c) Acrania d) Ventriculomegaly

c) Acrania

Arnold-Chiari II malformation

a group of cranial abnormalities associated with spina bifida

Anencephaly

a neural tube defect that is described as the absence of the cranium and cerebral hemispheres

Apert syndrome

genetic disorder that includes cranio-synostosis, midline facial hypoplasia, and syndactyly

Which of the following will also typically be absent with agenesis of the corpus callosum? a) Cerebellar vermis b) CSP (cavum septum pellucidum) c) Third ventricle d) Fourth ventricle

b) CSP

Which of the following should not be included in the correct level for an HC measurement? a) Falx cerebri b) Fourth ventricle c) Thalamus d) CSP

b) Fourth ventricle

The most accurate measurement for estimating gestational age is: a) BPD b) HC c) Transcerebellar measurement d) Lateral ventricle

b) HC

The sonographic finding of fluid-filled cranium with absence of cerebral tissue is consistent with: a) Hydrocephalus b) Hydranencephaly c) Holoprosencephaly d) Schizencephaly

b) Hydranencephaly

The lack of sulci within the fetal cerebrum is a reliable indicator of: a) Agenesis of the corpus callosum b) Lissencephaly c) Schizencephaly d) Porencephaly

b) Lissencephaly