OBGYN- Chapter24: The Fetal Head and Brain
The anechoic midline brain structure located between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles is the: a) CSP (cavum septum pellucidum) b) Cavum vergae c) Corpus callosum d) Fourth ventricle
a) CSP
The structure located between the two lobes of the cerebellum is the: a) Cerebellar vermis b) Cerebellar tonsils c) Falx cerebri d) Corpus callosum
a) Cerebellar vermis
With what structure does the posterior fossa cyst associated with DWM (Dandy-Walker malformation) communicate? a) Fourth ventricle b) Third ventricle c) Cerebellar vermis d) Cerebellar aqueduct
a) Fourth ventricle
Which of the following would be the most likely fetal cranial findings with TORCH infections? a) Intracranial calcifications b) Cerebral atrophy c) Porencephaly d) Scaphocephaly
a) Intercranial calcifications
The interthalamic adhesion ( massa intermedia) passes through the: a) Third ventricle b) Fourth ventricle c) Cisterna magna d) CSP
a) Third ventricle
Dangling choroid sign is associated with: a) Ventriculomegaly b) Hydranencephaly c) Lissenencepahly d) Meckel-Gruber syndrome
a) Ventriculomegaly
The "sunburst" of the cerebral sulci is a sonographic finding of: a) DWM b) Agenesis of the corpus callosum c) Colpocephaly d) Hydranecephaly
b) Agenesis of the corpus callosum
A lemon-shaped skull is related to: a) Trisomy 2 b) Arnold-Chiari II malformation c) Thanatophoric dysplasia d) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
b) Arnold-Chiari II malformation
The band of tissue that allows communication between the right and left hemispheres is the: a) Falx cerebri b) Corpus callosum c) Cerebellar vermis d) CSP
b) Corpus callosum
Which of the following would not be normally located within the midline of the fetal brain? a) CSP b) Lobes of the thalamus c) Third ventricle d) Falx cerebri
b) Lobes of the thalamus
The fourth ventricle is located: a) Posterior to the CSP b) Between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles c) Anterior to the cerebellar vermis d) Medial to the third ventricle
c) Anterior to the cerebellar vermis
The third ventricle is located: a) Anterior to the thalamus b) Anterior to the cerebellar vermis c) Between the two lobes of the thalamus d) Superior to the corpus callosum
c) Between the two lobes of the thalamus
Enlargement of the frontal horns and narrowing of the occipital horns is termed: a) Holoprosencephaly b) DWM c) Colpocephaly d) Apert syndrome
c) Colpocephaly
The conditions in which the frontal horns are small and the occipital horns are enlarged is referred to as: a) Ethmocephaly b) Hydrocephalus c) Colpocephaly d) Encephalitis
c) Colpocephaly
Which of the following is located on both sides of the midline? a) Interhemispheric fissures b) third and fourth ventricles c) Lateral ventricles d) Third ventricle and cerebral aqueduct
c) Lateral ventricles
A cisterna magna that measures 15 mm and a normal appearing cerebellum is most likely: a) Arnold-Chiari II malformation b) Schizencephaly c) Mega cisterna magna d) DWM
c) Mega cisterna magna
A normal shaped skull is termed: a) Dolichocephaly b) Brachycephaly c) Mesocephaly d) Scaphocephaly
c) Mesocephaly
The development of fluid-filled cleft within the cerebrum is consistent with: a) Holoprosencephaly b) Lissencephaly c) Schizencephaly d) Hydranecephaly
c) Schizencephaly
What chromosomal aberration is most often associated with holoprosencephaly? a) Anopthalmia b) Trisomy 21 c) Trisomy 13 d) Trisomy 18
c) Trisomy 13
A strawberry-shaped skull is commonly associated with: a) Trisomy 21 b) Trisomy 15 c) Trisomy 18 d) Trisomy 13
c) Trisomy 18
The cisterna magna should not exceed ____ in the transcerebellar plane: a) 4 mm b) 2mm c) 8 mm d) 10 mm
d) 10 mm
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that includes craniosynostosis, midline facial hypoplasia, and syndactyly? a) Lobar holoprosencephaly b) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome c) Arnold-Chiari II malformation d) Apert syndrome
d) Apert syndrome
The third ventricle communicates with the fourth ventricle at the: a) Foramen of Magendie b) Foramen of Luschka c) Foramen of Monro d) Aqueduct of Sylvius
d) Aqueduct of Sylvius
The most common cause of hydrocephalus in utero is: a) Cerebral hemorrhage b) Holoprosencephaly c) Brain tumors d) Aqueductal stenosis
d) Aqueductal stenosis
What cerebral malformation is a result of agenesis or hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis? a) Arnold-Chiari II malformation b) Schizencephaly c) Mega cisterna magna d) DWM
d) DWM
The double fold of dura mater that divides the cerebral hemispheres is the: a) Cerebellum b) CSP (cavum septum pellucidum) c) Corpus callosum d) Falx cerebri
d) Falx cerebri
What cerebral abnormality are atypical facial features most commonly associated with? a) DWM b) Schizencephaly c) Lissencephaly d) Holoprosencephaly
d) Holoprosenecephaly
What fetal suture is located within the frontal bone along the midline of the forehead? a) Squamosal suture b) Sagittal suture c) Lambdoidal suture d) Metopic suture
d) Metopic suture
Following an intracranial hemorrhage, a cyst is noted within the cerebrum that communicates with the lateral ventricle. This is referred to as: a) Schizencephaly b) Lissencephaly c) Holoprosencephaly d) Porencephaly
d) Porencephaly
All of the following are sonographic findings of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except: a) Enlarged massa intermedia b) Hydrocephalus c) Obliteration of the cisterna magna d) Strawberry sign
d) Strawberry sign
A cloverleaf-shaped skull is related to: a) Trisomy 18 b) Meckel-Gruber syndrome c) Trisomy 13 d) Thanatophoric dysplasia
d) Thanatophoric dysplasia
The choroid plexus cyst could be associated with an increase risk of: a) Trisomy 13 b) Trisomy 4 c) Arnold-Chiari II malformation d) Trisomy 18
d) Trisomy 18
The most severe form of holoprosencephaly is: a) Lobar b) Alobar c) Semilobar d) Lobular
b) Alobar
Arachnoid cyst
benign cysts within the brain that do not communicate with the ventricular system
Acrania
the absence of the cranial vault above the bony orbits
Alobar holoprosencephaly
the most severe form of holoprosencephaly
All of the following are sonographic features of alobar holoprosencephaly except: a) Cyclopia b) Monoventricle c) Dorsal cyst d) Fused thalamus
c) Dorsal cyst
Absence of the skull is: a) Hydranecephaly b) Schizencephaly c) Acrania d) Ventriculomegaly
c) Acrania
Arnold-Chiari II malformation
a group of cranial abnormalities associated with spina bifida
Anencephaly
a neural tube defect that is described as the absence of the cranium and cerebral hemispheres
Apert syndrome
genetic disorder that includes cranio-synostosis, midline facial hypoplasia, and syndactyly
Which of the following will also typically be absent with agenesis of the corpus callosum? a) Cerebellar vermis b) CSP (cavum septum pellucidum) c) Third ventricle d) Fourth ventricle
b) CSP
Which of the following should not be included in the correct level for an HC measurement? a) Falx cerebri b) Fourth ventricle c) Thalamus d) CSP
b) Fourth ventricle
The most accurate measurement for estimating gestational age is: a) BPD b) HC c) Transcerebellar measurement d) Lateral ventricle
b) HC
The sonographic finding of fluid-filled cranium with absence of cerebral tissue is consistent with: a) Hydrocephalus b) Hydranencephaly c) Holoprosencephaly d) Schizencephaly
b) Hydranencephaly
The lack of sulci within the fetal cerebrum is a reliable indicator of: a) Agenesis of the corpus callosum b) Lissencephaly c) Schizencephaly d) Porencephaly
b) Lissencephaly