OCE 1001 FSU Test 2
which does not belong: california current, canary current, gulf stream, north atlantic current, north equatorial current
california current
within the troposphere the atmosphere gets warmer with increasing altitude
false
an eastern boundary current is generally narrow and swift
falso
geostrophic circulation within a gyre driven by
gravity and the coriolis effect
area of rapid change in salinity with slight change in depth
halocline
what methods could you use for creating fresh drinking water
heat sea ice that formed a long time ago, catch and melt fresh falling snow, take seawater and freeze and melt it several times to purify it, boil seawater, catch and condense the water vapor
water molecules exhibit strong cohesion
true
waves at the ocean surface are called orbital or interface waves
true
which is the most abundant ion in seawater
chloride
the density of seawater is slightly lower than the density of pure water
false
the gulf stream moves water away from the equator; the benguela current moves some of this same water back toward the equator
false
ratio of wave height to wavelength at which waves break
steepness = 1:7
which is true about doldrums
this is also known as the intertropical convergence zone
the average salinity of typical seawater is
3.5%
latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a
change in state
when a meander from the gulf stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the north atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a
cold core ring
california current
cold current, northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes
west wind drift
cold current, polar latitudes, southern hemisphere
earth's polar regions (above 60 latitude) are classified as deserts because
cold, dry sinking air in the polar high regions produces little precipitation
a maritime polar air mass is likely to be dry and cold
false
a shallow water wave must form in water depth less than 100 meters
false
an iceberg is a variety of sea ice
false
any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic
false
in distillation, saltwater is highly pressurized to drive water molecules through a membrane to remove salts
false
rogue waves are generated by destructive interference patterns of ocean swells
false
salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances
false
surface currents affect about 90% of the world's ocean water
false
the autumnal equinox occurs when the sun is directly overhead along the equator in Mach
false
the horizontal distance between two successive troughs is called the wave height
false
the overall electrical charge of most atoms is balanced because each atom contains an equal number of protons and neutrons
false
the trade winds can be found between 30 and 60N and S latitudes
false
thermohaline circulation is wind-driven
false
tsunamis travel as deepwater waves over the open ocean
false
water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension
false
the height of a wave depends upon
fetch, wind duration, and wind speed
the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere
tropopause
tropic of cancer
located at 23.5 N latitude
all of the following are methods used to desalinate water except: distillation, electrolysis, osmosis, freeze separation, reverse osmosis
osmosis
which does not belong: crest, height, length, period, trough
period
which ones flow from south to north
peru
waves that are breaking along the shore and are forming a curling crest over an air pocket are called
plunging breakers
the wind belts with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds are the
trade winds
the lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the
troposphere
a curling wave formed over an air pocket is called a plunging breaker
true
a doppler flow meter is a scientific instrument used to measure current flow rates
true
a standing wave can be caused by wave reflection
true
a wave train is caused by wave energy moving more slowly than individual waves
true
deep ocean water can be enriched in oxygen when it is mixed with surface water
true
deep ocean water masses have characteristic temperatures and salinities
true
deep water moves faster than shallow water waves because they are not slowed by the friction with the ocean bottom
true
deep-ocean water contains more carbon dioxide than surface water because deep water is colder and has the ability to dissolve more gases
true
evaporation causes cooling in the liquid left behind
true
independent of the actual salinity, the ratios or proportions of the major dissolved constituents of seawater such as chloride, sodium, and magnesium are relatively constant
true
the angle at which direct sunlight strikes through the ocean's surface is important in determining the amount of solar energy that is absorbed
true
the circular movement of surface water currents driven by the major wind belts are called gyres
true
the coriolis effect describes how moving objects on earth appear to follow curved paths due to earth's rotation
true
the density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature
true
the five subtropical gyres exhibit geostrophic flow, related to pressure gradients, friction, and the coriolis effect
true
the large atmospheric circulation cells that occur between the equator and 30 latitude in each hemisphere are called hadley cells
true
the latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting
true
the main current in antarctic waters is the antarctic circumpolar current, also called the west wind drift
true
the saffir-simpson scale rates the relative intensity of tropical cyclones
true
warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air
true
which is true about tsunami
tsunami are undetectable by ships in the open ocean
the largest wind generated waves tend to be associated with the
westerlies
the temperate regions are characterized by
westerly winds
which one is a part of the south atlantic subtropical gyre
brazil current
the amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is the definition of
calorie
the first wave that forms when the wind begins to blow across the ocean surface is a
capillary wave
river input
decreases seawater salinity
which is a western boundary current
brazil current
the average albedo of earth's surface is about
30%
to produce a surface current of 1.6 knots in the open ocean, a steady wind of ____ knots would be required
80
the ion in sea water that serves as buffer is
HCO3
describe the physical properties of the atmosphere including its composition, temperature, density, water vapor content, pressure, and movement
The atmosphere is composed almost entirely of nitrogen and oxygen. The lowest portion of the atmosphere is the troposphere, which is the area where temperature gets cooler with altitude. Warm air is less dense and so it rises. Cold air is denser, so it sinks. Warm air can also hold more water vapor than cold air because the air molecules are moving more quickly and encounter more water vapor. Atmospheric pressure is 14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level and decreases with increasing altitude. Air always moves from high-pressure regions toward low-pressure regions.
which would likely produce spilling breakers
a gently sloping sandy bottom
during a strong el nino event, the news media might be expected to cover
a tropical cyclone in hawaii or tahiti
which does not belong: agulhas current, benguela current, california current, canary current, west australian current
agulhas current
the percentage of solar radiation reflected form the surface of earth back into space is known as the
albedo
which option does not belong: nitrogen, albedo, oxygen, troposphere, water vapor
albedo
the arrangement of water masses in the southern atlantic ocean from the surface to the bottom is
antarctic intermediate water, north atlantic deep water, antarctic bottom water
The principal reason that oil and water do not mix, even when shaken, is that oil molecules _____
are nonpolar whereas water molecules are polar
inter-tropical convergence zone
area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator
an internal wave might form
at a density boundary within the ocean
winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to
be deflected toward the east
downwelling can result from
converging surface currents
a zone of high atmospheric pressure results when there is relatively __ air aloft
cool, dry
the apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the
coriolis effect
low-pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate
counterclockwise
bonds that involve the sharing of electrons between atoms
covalent bonds
which is true about deep ocean curernts
deep ocean currents contain water that is high in oxygen
thermohaline circulation is driven by
density differences
deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ____ and modified by ____
density differences; differences in salinity and temperature
what does not belong: temperature, salinity, thermocline, pycnocline, distillation
distillation
All of the following decrease the salinity of water except: evaporation, precipitation, runoff, sea ice melting, icebergs melting
evaporation
change in state from liquid to gas
evaporation
which increases the salinity of water
evaporation
we would expect the salinity of surface waters to be higher in regions where
evaporation is much greater than precipitation
which type of current flow moves in a circular path around a subtropical convergence, reflecting ekman transport, gravity and the coriolis effect
geostrophic circulation
deep water circulation brings dense, cold, oxygen rich water from the surface to the deep ocean because of
greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water
which is not an eastern boundary current
gulf stream
when ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a
higher salinity
Which does not belong: sodium ion, calcium ion, potassium ion, hydrogen ion, magnesium ion
hydrogen ion
as a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height
increases and its wavelength decreases
high temperature
increases seawater salinity
charged atoms due to the gain or loss of one or more electrons
ions
the surface tension of water
is relatively high
a disadvantage shared by wave, solar and wind energy is that
it is not available on demand, and there currently is no viable way to store the enrgy
a beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0C. what happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added
it remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise
which does not belong: thermohaline circulation, density-driven circulation, antarctic bottom water, kuroshio current, north atlantic deep water
kuroshio current
identify the mismatched pair from the choices below
labrador current, humboldt current
atmospheric waves
movement of different air masses along an air-air interface
upwelling
movement of water from the bottom to the top of the water column
ekman transport
net water movement to the left or right of the direction of the wind
gulf stream
northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes, warm current
which is associated with the middle latitude storms, such as those that in the north pacific ocean between 40 and 60 degrees latitude
prevailing westerlies
polar easterlies
prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes
submarines sometimes ride out heavy storms in deep water by submerging. that is a practical application of utilizing the
principle of decreasing orbital motion with depth
destruction wave interference results in
reduced wave height
the intensity of tropical cyclones is measured by meteorologists using the ___ sale
saffir-simpson
the strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the
saffir-simpson scale
air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a
sea breeze
which does not belong: maximum sustained winds, minimum central pressure, sea surface salinity, storm surge, storm diameter
sea surface salinity
how are seawater and pure water similar and different
seawater and pure water are similar in that they are clear (transparent) and blue/green in color. They are different in that seawater tends to have a higher pH, higher density, lower freezing point, and a higher boiling point than pure water.
what condition of salinity makes it possible to determine the total salinity of ocean water by measuring concentration of only one constituent, the chloride ion
seawater has a constancy of composition in terms of the major constituents, so the concentration of a single major constituent can be measured to determine the total salinity of a given water sample. the constituent that occurs in the greatest abundance and is the easiest to measure accurately is the chloride ion.
a tsunami is considered to be a
shallow water wave
the pH of surface seawater usually has a value of around 8.0 that means the water is
slightly basic
records indicate that the ocean is warming faster in the arctic polar regions than elsewhere. if that continues, a possible consequence could be
slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water
constructive interference results in larger waves whereas destructive interference produces
smaller waves
of the following gyres, which one(s) flow in a counter clockwise direction
south atlantic subtropical gyer
change in state from solid to gas
sublimation
the sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the tropic of cancer, during the
summer solstice
which is true of surface ocean currents
surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres."
which does not belong: plunging breaker, spilling breaker, surf, surging breaker, swell
swell
the two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are
temperature and water vapor content
describe what condition exists in water molecules to make them dipolar
the bent geometry of the water molecule gives a slight overall negative charge to the oxygen side of the molecule and a slight overall positive charge to the hydrogen side of the molecule. This slight separation of charges gives the entire molecule an electrical polarity, so water molecules are dipolar.
disturbing force
the energy that causes ocean waves to form
the primary difficulty that must be overcome in the use of desalination plants to provide fresh water is
the high cost of energy involved
which are valid names of boundaries between global wind belts or at the poles
the horse latitudes
the thickness of sea ice is limited primarily by
the insulating nature of the ice itself
hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of
the polarity of water molecules
the el nino southern oscillation can best be described as
the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure
which describes wave period
the time it takes for one full wavelength to pass a given point
of the following statements about seawater properties in high and low latitudes, which is true
there is a thermocline in low latitudes
a rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the
thermocline
which of the following is true of surface water circulation near antarctica
two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water tot he east and one current that moves water to the west
surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through
upwelling
based on the equations for determining the speed of shallow-water waves, which one of the following variables is necessary to determine the speed of shallow-water waves
water depth
most abundant greenhouse gas that also influences air density
water vapor
diameter of orbital wave at the surface
wave height
the diameter of a wave orbital at the surface is equal to
wave height
standing waves may be caused by
wave reflection
waves converge on headlands due to
wave refraction
the speed of a deepwater wave is proportional to
wave speed or celerity
the ratio of wave height to wavelength is called
wave steepness
wave speed is equal to
wavelength divided by period
deepwater wave speed
wavelength/period
waves usually arrive nearly parallel to the shore because
waves are refracted toward shallow water
warm core rings and cold core rings are associated with
western boundary currents
Of the following statements about water's latent heat and changes in state, which is true
when water evaporates, its latent heat of evaporation absorbs heat
which is true about ekman spiral and ekman transport
within the ekman spiral, deeper water can move in a direction exactly opposite of the wind direction