OCE Chapter 15

TorF: Epifauna are those organisms that are either permanently attached to the bottom or move over it.

True

TorF: Meiofauna are small organisms that live between sediment particles on sandy beaches.

True

TorF: Species diversity is highest in coral reef communities.

True

TorF: Strong algal holdfasts prevent wave shock from washing macroalgae from the rocks in the upper intertidal zone.

True

The depth to which a bivalve can bury itself depends on the:

length of its siphon.

Of the following statements about the characteristics of the deep-ocean floor, which is/are true? -Deep-ocean communities exist in the bathyal, abyssal, and hadal zones. -Only about 1% to 3% of the food produced in the euphotic zone reaches the deep-ocean floor. -Even in tropical latitudes, water temperatures in the deep ocean are near freezing. -Species diversity in the deep ocean can rival that of tropical rain forests. -On the deep-ocean floor, there are extremely variable conditions.

-Deep-ocean communities exist in the bathyal, abyssal, and hadal zones. -Only about 1% to 3% of the food produced in the euphotic zone reaches the deep-ocean floor. -Even in tropical latitudes, water temperatures in the deep ocean are near freezing. -Species diversity in the deep ocean can rival that of tropical rain forests.

Of the following statements about benthic organisms, which is/are true? -Benthic organisms are all permanently attached to the bottom. -Great abundances of benthic organisms are found beneath surface waters with high primary productivity. -Many benthic organisms spend the first part of their lives in the pelagic environment. -The vast majority of benthic species live on the continental shelf. -Benthic organisms cannot live beneath the euphotic zone.

-Great abundances of benthic organisms are found beneath surface waters with high primary productivity. -Many benthic organisms spend the first part of their lives in the pelagic environment. -The vast majority of benthic species live on the continental shelf

Of the following statements about benthic communities along sediment-covered shores, which is/are true? -In some instances, large numbers of organisms can be found buried in sandy shores. -Nearly all the organisms that inhabit sediment-covered shores can move around very easily. -Beaches composed of finer sediment have more gentle slopes and show less distinct intertidal zonation as compared to coarser beaches. -The most stable sediment-covered shores have the largest grain sizes. -Coarse sandy beaches usually have the same tidal zonations as rocky shores

-In some instances, large numbers of organisms can be found buried in sandy shores. -Beaches composed of finer sediment have more gentle slopes and show less distinct intertidal zonation as compared to coarser beaches. -Coarse sandy beaches usually have the same tidal zonations as rocky shores

Of the following organisms, which is/are common in the middle tide zone along rocky shores? -carnivorous sea stars -goose-necked barnacles -hermit crabs -Giant brown bladder kelp (Macrocystis) -sea anemones -corals

-carnivorous sea stars -goose-necked barnacles -hermit crabs -sea anemones

Of the following statements about corals, which is/are true? -corals catch small food particles with stinging cells similar to those that jellyfish have. -Certain cold-water coral species have been recently discovered living below sunlit surface waters. -Colonies of corals can have no more than two dozen individuals. -Most corals go through a planktonic stage of life. -Most individual coral species are about the size of an ant

-corals catch small food particles with stinging cells similar to those that jellyfish have. -Certain cold-water coral species have been recently discovered living below sunlit surface waters. -Most corals go through a planktonic stage of life. -Most individual coral species are about the size of an ant

Within the intertidal zone, the area that receives equal amounts of air exposure and water coverage is indicated by the number:

5

Which of the following is a threat to coral reef survival?

All of the above might contribute to the decline of a coral community.

Which does not belong? A. regeneration B. inking C. mimicry D. stinging cells E. withdrawal into shell

C.mimicry

TorF The increase in the number of crown-of-thorn sea stars has been strongly linked to human activities.

False

TorF: Hypersaline seep communities rely on photosynthesis.

False

TorF: Limpets are commonly found in the middle portion of the intertidal zone on a rocky shore.

False

TorF: Nearly all of the larger organisms that inhabit sediment-covered shores are epifaunal organisms.

False

TorF: The eastern side of an ocean basin tends to have greater diversity of reef-building corals than the western side.

False

TorF: Zooxanthellae are important members of hydrothermal vent communities.

False

The primary producers in chemosynthetic vent communities are _________.

archaea

Primary producers in hydrothermal vent communities are:

sulfur-oxidizing archaea.

Zooxanthellae are autotrophic marine protists that are found in the living tissues of some simple marine invertebrates such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish. Zooxanthellae are:

dinoflagellates.

Two dominant organisms commonly found at mid-water levels of the rocky intertidal zone are:

goose-necked barnacles and mussels.

Which of the following factors does not limit coral growth?

high concentrations of calcium carbonate in the water

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. sea urchin

low tide zone

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. surf grass (Phyllospadix)

low tide zone

Organisms that live in the spaces between sediment particles are called:

meiofauna

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. Fucus (rock weed)

middle tide zone

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. acorn barnacle

middle tide zone

All of the following are examples of strategies employed by organisms to reduce wave shock in the rocky intertidal zone except:

motile larvae.

Match the organism with the appropriate habitat. fiddler crabs

mud flats

Which of the following marine habitats has the lowest species diversity?

mud flats

A common inhabitant of the supratidal zone on the rocky shores of the Pacific Northwest is the:

periwinkle snail.

The low-water portion of the rocky intertidal zone is dominated by:

red and brown algae and surf grasses.

A predatory echinoderm that lives and feeds below the sediment surface is the _________.

sand star

Match the organism with the appropriate habitat. heart urchins (Echinocardium)

sandy beaches

All of the following are adaptations to life in the rocky shore intertidal zone except:

schooling to avoid predators.

An important predator of mussel beds in the middle tide zone is the _________.

sea star

The three varieties of seeps on the seafloor include hypersaline, hydrocarbon and:

subduction zone seeps.

Match the organism with the appropriate habitat. coral

subtidal rocky bottoms

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. Ligia (rock louse)

supratidal zone

(Intro) The amount of life on the ocean floor depends primarily on _________.

the productivity of the surface layer above it

You are vacationing on a beautiful tropical island and want to see a coral reef. Your boat travels down a river estuary and then travels a considerable distance along the coast before any coral is seen. The reason you had to travel so far to see coral is probably that _________.

too much freshwater is flowing in from the river closer to shore