OCE Final Review

A deep-water wave occurs when the water depth is equal to at least ________.

1/2 of the wavelength

On average how many supertankers or containerships are reported missing each year without a trace?

10

El Niño conditions occur on average about every ________.

10-15 years

In which year did a large earthquake occur along the Cascadia Subduction Zone?

1700

In which year did Krakatau erupt?

1883

In which year was the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program initiated?

1985

What is the speed in meters per second of a deep water wave with a wavelength of 4 meters?

2.5 meters per second

In which year was Argo floats deployed from vessels?

2000

In which year was deep Argo floats first deployed?

2014

Based on the graph, what is the approximate speed, in meters per second, of a deep-water wave with a wavelength of 300 meters?

22 meters per second

In the open ocean, 1 wave in ________ will be over twice the height of the wave average.23

23

Based on the graph, what is the approximate speed, in meters per second, of a deep-water wave with a wavelength of 500 meters?

27 meters per second

Based on the graph, what is the approximate period of a deep-water wave with a speed of 5 meters per second?

3.5 seconds

Waves from separate sea areas move away as swell and produce an interference pattern when they come together. If Sea A has wave heights of 1.5 meters and Sea B has wave heights of 3.5 meters, what would be the height of waves resulting from constructive interference?

5 meters

Waves from separate sea areas move away as swell and produce an interference pattern when they come together. If Sea A and Sea B have wave heights of 3 meters, what would be the height of waves resulting from constructive interference?

6 meters

Waves from separate sea areas move away as swell and produce an interference pattern when they come together. If Sea A has wave heights of 2 meters and Sea B has wave heights of 5 meters, what would be the height of waves resulting from constructive interference?

7 meters

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly?

Accidental spills from container ships

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. California Current Canary Current Agulhas Current West Australian Current Benguela Current

Agulhas Current

The main current in Antarctic waters is the ________ Current.

Antarctic Circumpolar

Which of the following currents contributes to the South Western United States being arid?

California Current

________ occurs when wave trains having the same wavelength come together in phase, meaning crest to crest and trough to trough.

Constructive interference

Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?

Deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents

The Peru (Humboldt) Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Eastern Boundary Current

Coastal winds can cause upwelling or downwelling due to which of the following?

Ekman transport

The South Equatorial Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Equatorial Current

Which of the following caused the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004?

Fault movement

The North Atlantic Gyre contains the following currents expect which one?

Florida Current

Which of the following methods are used to measure deep ocean currents directly?

Free-drifting Argo floats

Which of the following is NOT an eastern boundary current?

Gulf Stream

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. South Pacific Gulf of Alaska North Atlantic South Atlantic Indian

Gulf of Alaska

When sea ice forms what shape are the crystals?

Hexagon

Which of the following currents is responsible for Peru becoming the largest producer of fish, from the sea, in the world?

Humboldt Current

Tsunami is a(n) ________ term for the large, sometimes destructive waves that occasionally roll into their harbors.

Japanese

What does LIMPET stand for?

Land Installed Marine Powered Energy Transformer

In ________, the particles that vibrate "push and pull" in the same direction that the wave is traveling.

Longitudinal waves (somehow wrong)

The California Current is associated with which gyre?

North Pacific Gyre

The North Atlantic Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Northern Boundary Current

Where is the world's largest floating airport runway located?

Offshore Japan

Examine the five words and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Period Trough Height Crest Length

Period

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Kuroshio Current North Equatorial Current Somali Current Peru Current Gulf Stream

Peru Current

Which type of breaker has a curling crest that moves over an air pocket?

Plunging breaker

Which type of breakers are the best waves for surfing?

Plunging breaker

In 2008, Pelamis Wave Power completed the world's first wave farm off the coast of northern ________.

Portugal

Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly?

Radio-transmitting float bottles

Between summer and winter, which of the following currents reverses its flow direction?

Somali Current

Which of the following Atlantic Subtropical gyre boundary currents is split into two by a large landmass?

South Equatorial Current

The West Wind Drift is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Southern Boundary Current

Where is the world's only commercially operated wave energy plant located?

Spain

Which type of breaker has a longer life span and give surfers a longer ride than other breakers?

Spilling breaker

Which type of breaker results from a gently sloped ocean bottom, which gradually extracts energy from the wave over an extended distance and produces breakers with low overall energy?

Spilling breaker

The observation of a hill of water within all subtropical gyres is an example of which of the following?

Subtropical convergence

________ occur only in the upper part of the ocean.

Surface waves

Which type of breaker forms when the ocean bottom has an abrupt slope?

Surging breaker

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Spilling breaker Surging breaker Swell Plunging breaker Surf

Swell

Wave size in the "sea" increases with all of the following except:

Temperature

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Internal waves are associated with pycnoclines BECAUSE these waves travel along the boundary between waters of different density.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The Equatorial Countercurrent is much better developed in the Pacific Ocean than in the Atlantic BECAUSE the Pacific Ocean basin is larger and more unobstructed than the Atlantic Ocean.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The curling crest in a plunging breaker occurs BECAUSE they are the best waves for surfing.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Ocean waves are not considered body waves BECAUSE they transmit energy through the upper part of the ocean near the interface between the atmosphere and the ocean.

The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: These lunar tidal bulges are much smaller than the solar tidal bulges BECAUSE the Sun is 27 million times more massive than the Moon.

The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

Which of the following are unlikely to generate a tsunami?

Transform fault

Which of the following is considered a cold current?

WW

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is also known as which of the following?

West Wind Drift

The East Australian Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Western Boundary Current

The Gulf Stream is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Western Boundary Current

The Kuroshio (Japan) Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

Western Boundary Current

Water rises from below to replace the water moving away from shore in a process called ________.

coastal upwelling

When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a ________.

cold core ring

The high parts of the waves are called ________.

crests

The angular distance of the Sun or the Moon above or below the Earth's equatorial plane is called the ________.

declination

Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and caused by ________.

density differences; differences in salinity and temperature

Converging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity.

downwelling; low

The height of a wave depends upon ________.

fetch, wind duration, and wind speed

Refraction causes headlands to be areas of ________ surfing and sites of ________.

good; erosion

If the side of the Earth that faces the Moon experiences a high tide, then the side of the Earth that is opposite from the Moon will have a ________.

high tide

As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height ________.

increases and its wavelength decreases

When swells from different storms run together, the waves clash, or interfere with one another, giving rise to ________.

interference patterns

Tidal movement, turbidity currents, wind stress, and even passing ships at the surface create ________ waves.

internal

Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents.

larger; slower

Ocean surface currents transfer about ________ of the total amount of heat from the tropics to the poles.

one-third

Upwelling occurs in high-latitude regions, where there is no ________.

pycnocline

Coastal upwelling along the coast of Chile is a result of winds from the ________ turning towards the ________ due to Ekman transport.

south; left

Halfway between the crests and the troughs is the ________.

still water level

Most waves generated in the sea area by storm winds move across the ocean as ________.

swell

The fetch refers to ________.

the distance over which the wind blows without interruption

The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as ________.

the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure

The Ekman spiral is caused by ________.

the wind and the Coriolis effect

The vertical difference between consecutive high and low tides is called the ________.

tidal range

In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is always ________.

to the left of the wind direction

The uplift or downdropping of large areas of the sea floor creates ________ waves.

tsunami

The ________ is the vertical distance between a crest and a trough.

wave height

An unintended consequence of the jetty that protects the harbor entrance at Newport Harbor, California is a wave pattern that has crippled and killed many body surfers due to ________.

wave reflection

Waves converge on headlands due to ________.

wave refraction

In deep-water waves the water depth is greater than the ________ divided by two.

wavelength

In shallow-water waves the water depth is less than the ________ divided by twenty.

wavelength

The longer the ________, the faster a deep-water wave travels.

wavelength

The circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to ________.

wavelength/2

The largest wind-generated waves tend to be associated with the ________.

westerlies

Conditions for the development of wave energy are most optimal along ________ shores in the ________ Hemisphere.

western; Southern

Rogue waves tend to occur ________.

where storm waves move against strong surface currents