Oceanography Ch. 5 quiz

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examine the five words and or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern

precipitation

A person experiences a popping feeling in their ears during the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the ________ of the atmosphere.

pressure

which of the following causes minamate disease, a degenerative neurological disorder that causes blindness, brain damage, birth defects, paralysis, and death?

methyl mercury

petroleum in the ocean is not considered a pollutant when

natural seepage is responsible

of all the following processes which one increases the salinity of water?

evaporation

which of the following is considered the world's largest accidental oil spill?

explosion of the deepwater horizon oil-drilling platform in 2010

scientific studies have shown that fish exposed to PAHs in crude oil exhibited changes in _____ that are linked to development abnormalities

gene expression

water can pile up a short distance above a container's rim due tue

high surface tension

the two most significant human sources of oil pollution in the marine environment are

normal oil tanker/shipping operations and urban run-off

on an annual basis which of the following fluxes between reservoirs of the hydrologic cycle is the largest?

ocean to atmosphere

The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are

temperature and water vapor content

scientists typical do not use a specific environmental bioassay to draw general conclusions about a pollutant because they

may result in data that isn't applicable to other species

The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the

troposphere

A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be

wet and warm

Which of the following is not one of the names associated with huge rotating masses of low pressure characterized by strong winds and torrential rain?

Vortex

sea surface salinity is greatest at which of the following latitudes

25 degrees

what percent of oil that enters the ocean worldwide is caused by underwater natural oil seeps

47%

In the troposphere, air temperatures

decrease with increasing altitude

Worldwide, about ________ storms grow to named tropical cyclones status each year

100

The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends

200 nautical miles from the coast

Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of

23.5 degrees

after the explosion of the deepwater horizon oil-drilling platform in 2010, scientists estimate the BP removed about ____ of the oil, most of it recovered directly from the well, burned at sea, or skimmed by boats.

25%

the average salinity of typical seawater is

3.5%

Storms are most common in which of the following regions?

30 to 60 degrees

The polar front occurs in which of the following regions?

60 degrees

more than ____ non-native species have been introduced in the United States

7,000

The apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the

Hadley cell

examine the five words or phrases and dtermine the relationship among the majority of the words.

Phytoplankton

which of the following is not considered a pollutant in the marine environment

Phytoplankton

The covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule form as a result of the ___

Sharing of electrons between the atoms

Which of the following is responsible for 90% of the deaths associated with hurricanes?

Storm surge

which of the following characterizes the pesticide DDT and industrial chemicals such as PCBs

all of the following are correct

which of the following hydrologic cycle reservoirs is the smallest?

atmospheric water vapor

Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to

be deflected towards the east

the toxicity of marine pollutants is evaluated through bioassays by

calculating the concentration at which 50% of the test organisms die

secondary sewage treatment is distinguished form primary sewage treatment by the

chlorination of the liquid effluent

A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a/an

cold front

the most biologically devastating oil spills in the marine enviornment are usually a result of

collision and or sinking of oil tankers

as the salinity of seawater increases, its

density increases

Earth's breeding ground for hurricanes occurs in which of the following regions?

equatorial (0 to 5 degrees)

When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a

higher salinity

bioremediation has been particularly effective in marine ecosystems in the clean-up of

hydrocarbons

the transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is know as the

hydrogen cycle

many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water

is a polar molecule

which of the follwoing has been proposed by scientists for the fate of the missing residual oil due to the explosion of the deepwater horizon oil-drill platform in 2010

it naturally dispersed in the water

The strength of a hurricane stems from water's

latent heat of condensation

A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 150 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.

one

the surface tension of water is

relatively high

the states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by

salinity

up until 1993 New York City dumped which of the following into the coastal ocean

sewage sludge

hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of

the polarity of water molecules

A tropical cyclone with a wind speed of 190 km/hr. would be classified as Category ________ on the Saffir-Simpson Scale of hurricane intensity.

three

The oceanic climate region(s) where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is

tropical

the law of the sea treaty established a uniform territorial sea of _____ nautical miles

twelve

the law of the sea treaty established a exclusive economic zone of ________ nautical miles from all land within a nation, including islands

two hundred

Which of the following parcels of air would have the lowest density?

warm moist air


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