Oceanography Chapter 7

18) During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean ________.

flow from land to sea and are dry

10) The Ekman spiral is caused by ________.

the wind and the Coriolis effect

22) The arrangement of water masses in the southern Atlantic Ocean from the surface to the bottom is ________.

Antarctic intermediate water, north Atlantic deep water, antarctic bottom water

5) Identify the mismatched pair from the choices below.

Labrador current, humboldt current

32) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly?

accidental spills from container ships

26) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

agulhas current

14) Western intensification causes ________.

all of the choices are the result of westward intensitification

69) The main current in Antarctic waters is the ________ Current.

antarctic circumpolar

70) Which of the following is the only current that completely circumscribes Earth?

antarctic circumpolar

76) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Measuring average flow rates of ocean surface currents is simple BECAUSE they flow in the same direction and at the same rate for long periods of time.

both the assertion and the reason are incorrect

79) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Areas of downwelling are associated with prolific marine life BECAUSE the necessary nutrients are continuously replenished.

both the assertion and the reason are incorrect

7) Which of the following is a western boundary current?

brazil current

8) Compared to western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents are ________.

broad and slow

28) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

california current

65) Which of the following currents contributes to the South Western United States being arid?

california current

17) When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a ________.

cold core ring

43) An increase in seawater density can be caused by a ________ in temperature or a/an ________ in salinity.

decrease; increase

6) Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?

deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents

20) Thermohaline circulation is driven by ________.

density differences

1) Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and caused by ________.

density differences; differences in salinity and temperature

35) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly?

doppler flow meters

67) Converging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity.

downwelling; low

52) The California Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

easter boundary current

49) The West Australian Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

eastern boundary current

50) The Peru (Humboldt) Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

eastern boundary current

51) The Canary Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

eastern boundary current

53) The Benguela Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

eastern boundary current

60) The observation that ships and icebergs in the southern hemisphere float to the left of the wind direction is an example of which of the following?

ekman transport

63) Coastal winds can cause upwelling or downwelling due to which of the following?

ekman transport

57) The North Equatorial Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

equatorial current

58) The South Equatorial Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

equatorial current

38) Which of the following methods are used to measure deep ocean currents directly?

free-drifting argo floats

11) Which type of current flow moves in a circular path around a subtropical convergence, reflecting Ekman transport, gravity, and the Coriolis effect?

geostrophic circulation

13) Geostrophic circulation within a gyre is driven by ________.

gravity and the Coriolis effect

24) Deep-water circulation brings dense, cold, oxygen-rich water from the surface to the deep ocean because of ________.

greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water

25) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

gulf of alaska

64) Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?

gulf stream

9) Which of the following is NOT an eastern boundary current?

gulf stream

21) Compared to Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water is ________.

higher in salinity

75) Which of the following currents is responsible for Peru becoming the largest producer of fish, from the sea, in the world?

humboldt current

30) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

kuroshio current

42) Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents.

larger; slower

73) The Sargasso Sea is the water that circulates around the rotation center of the ________ gyre.

north atlantic

54) The North Atlantic Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

northern boundary current

55) The North Pacific Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

northern boundary current

31) Ocean surface currents transfer about ________ of the total amount of heat from the tropics to the poles.

one-third

27) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

peru current

40) Warm currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions.

poleward; eastern

36) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly?

pressure gradients

33) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly?

propeller flow meters

37) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly?

radar altimeters

34) Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly?

radio-transmitting float bottles

74) Between summer and winter, which of the following currents reverses its flow direction?

somali current

72) Which of the following Atlantic Subtropical gyre boundary currents is split into two by a large landmass?

south equatorial current

68) Coastal upwelling along the coast of Chile is a result of winds from the ________ turning towards the ________ due to Ekman transport.

south; left

56) The West Wind Drift is an example of which of the following types of currents?

southern boundary current

29) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

strong trade winds

23) Which of the following is not a source of deep water in the ocean?

subtropical convergence

61) The observation of a hill of water within all subtropical gyres is an example of which of the following?

subtropical convergence

3) Which of the following statements is true of surface ocean currents?

surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called 'gyres'

77) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The Equatorial Countercurrent is much better developed in the Pacific Ocean than in the Atlantic BECAUSE the Pacific Ocean basin is larger and more unobstructed than the Atlantic Ocean.

the assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid

80) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The temperatures across the Atlantic at different latitudes are much higher in Europe than in North America BECAUSE of the effects of heat transfer from the Gulf Stream.

the assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid

82) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: India's Southwest Monsoon provides abundant precipitation BECAUSE the air brought in from the Indian Ocean is warm and full of moisture.

the assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

81) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: India's Northeast Monsoon provides little precipitation BECAUSE it occurs during the winter.

the assertion and the reason are both, but the reason is invalid

78) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Ocean currents have the potential to generate more power than wind farms BECAUSE ocean currents move much faster than the wind.

the assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect

19) The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as ________.

the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure

12) In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is always ________.

to the left of the wind direction

39) Cold currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce arid conditions.

toward the equator; western

4) Equatorial currents are driven by the ________.

trade winds

41) About what percent of the wind's energy is transferred to the ocean surface?

two

16) Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica?

two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west

15) Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich deep water through ________.

upwelling

66) Diverging surface waters are areas of ________ and ________ productivity.

upwelling; high

71) The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is also known as which of the following?

west wind drift

44) The Agulhas Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

western boundary current

45) The Brazil Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

western boundary current

46) The East Australian Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

western boundary current

47) The Kuroshio (Japan) Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?

western boundary current

48) The Gulf Stream is an example of which of the following types of currents?

western boundary current

59) Which subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower and deeper than its counterparts?

western boundary current

62) The observation that one subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower, and deeper than its counterparts is an example of which of the following?

western intensification

2) Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________.

wind; the Coriolis effect and land